Objective To analyze the distribution and epidemic characteristics of child injury cases in Pingshan District from 2021 to 2022, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of child injuries. Methods The injury monitoring data of Pingshan District from 2021 to 2022 were collected χ² and Post hoc testing were used for data analysis and comparison. Results From 2021 to 2022 , a total of 6 941 child injury cases were reported in Pingshan District, accounting for 20.58% of the total reported cases. Children aged 1 to 4 years old tended to be injured at home (58.49%, AR=23.75) and at night (43.74%, AR=5.34), and the injury causes mainly were falls/drops (49.22%, AR=4.66) and burns/scalds (2.98%, AR=7.15). Children aged 5 to 9 tended to be injured in schools and public places (26.55%%, AR=6.63) and public living places (18.51%, AR=3.33), and the injury causes mostly were animal attacks (26.48%, AR=6.97). Children aged 10 to 14 tended to be injured in schools and public places (31.39%, AR=10.81), highways/streets (17.71%, AR=3.78), as well as sports and activity places (12.20%, AR=15.66), and the injury causes tended to be knife/sharp instrument injuries. In the morning, injuries mostly occurred in schools and public places (17.98%, AR=3.24). In the afternoon, injuries tended to occur in schools and public places (39.41%, AR=9.89) as well as sports and activity places (37.50%, AR=3.52), and in the evening, injuries mostly occurred at home (46.49%, AR=10.17) and in public living places (46.07%, AR=5.44). Conclusion Governments, institutions, communities, and families should speed up the construction of a child injury prevention system with the participation of the whole society, and jointly create child-friendly environments in families, schools, public places, sports places, and road traffic . At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen injury prevention education , improve the injury prevention awareness and skills of students and guardians, and effectively reduce the occurrence of children's injuries starting from primary prevention.

Drug administration via hollow microneedles (HMN) have the advantages of painlessness, avoidance of first-pass effect, capability of sustained infusion, and no need for professional personnel operation. In addition, HMN can also be applied in the fields of body fluid extraction and biosensors, showing broad application prospects. However, traditional manufacturing technologies cannot meet the demand for low-cost mass production of HMN, limiting its widespread application. This paper reviews the main manufacturing technologies used for HMN in recent years, which include photolithography and etching, laser etching, sputtering and electroplating, micro-molding, three-dimensional (3D) printing and drawing lithography. It further analyzes the characteristics and limitations of existing manufacturing technologies and points out that the combination of various manufacturing technologies can improve production efficiency to a certain extent. In addition, this paper looks forward to the future trends of HMN manufacturing technology and proposes possible directions for its development. In conclusion, it is expected that this review can provide new ideas and references for follow-up research.
Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Needles ; Humans ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods* ; Equipment Design ; Microinjections/methods*

Gene regulation relies on the precise binding of transcription factors (TFs) at regulatory elements, but simultaneously detecting hundreds of TFs on chromatin is challenging. We developed cFOOT-seq, a cytosine deaminase-based TF footprinting assay, for high-resolution, quantitative genome-wide assessment of TF binding in both open and closed chromatin regions, even with small cell numbers. By utilizing the dsDNA deaminase SsdAtox, cFOOT-seq converts accessible cytosines to uracil while preserving genomic integrity, making it compatible with techniques like ATAC-seq for sensitive and cost-effective detection of TF occupancy at the single-molecule and single-cell level. Our approach enables the delineation of TF footprints, quantification of occupancy, and examination of chromatin influences on TF binding. Notably, cFOOT-seq, combined with FootTrack analysis, enables de novo prediction of TF binding sites and tracking of TF occupancy dynamics. We demonstrate its application in capturing cell type-specific TFs, analyzing TF dynamics during reprogramming, and revealing TF dependencies on chromatin remodelers. Overall, cFOOT-seq represents a robust approach for investigating the genome-wide dynamics of TF occupancy and elucidating the cis-regulatory architecture underlying gene regulation.
Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Humans ; Chromatin/genetics* ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Mice ; DNA Footprinting/methods*

Objective:To investigate the expression of placenta expressed transcript 1(Plet1)in ovarian tissue of the letrozole-induced model rats of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)and its effect on the proliferation of rat ovarian granulosa cells,and to clarify the possible mechanism by which Plet1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS.Methods:The ovarian tissue samples from the rats collected in previous studies were used and divided into control and PCOS groups.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting methods were used to detect the expression levels of Plet1 mRNA and protein in ovarian tissue of the rat in two groups.Additionally,twenty-four rats underwent vaginal smear cytology were divided into four groups by estrous cycle phase:proestrus,estrus,metestrus and diestrus.RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression level of Plet1 mRNA in ovarian tissue of the rats in various groups,and immunohistochemistry(IHC)method was used to detect the location of Plet1 expression in the rat ovarian tissue in various groups.The rat ovarian granulosa cells were transfected and divided into control group,si-Plet1-rat-266 group,si-Plet1-rat-383 group,and si-Plet1-rat-554 group.Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)method was used to assess the cell proliferation activities of rat ovarian granulosa cells in various groups,and RT-qPCR method was used to detect the expression levels of cyclin-d epend ent kinase 6(CDK6)and P53 mRNA in rat ovarian granulosa cells in various groups.Results:The RT-qPCR results revealed that Plet1 mRNA was expressed in the ovaries of normal rats,while no statistically significant difference was observed across estrous cycle phases(P＞0.05).The immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression of Plet1 protein was mainly localized in ovarian granulosa cells and luteal cells in the rat ovarian tissue.Compared with control group,the expression levels of Plet1 mRNA and protein in ovarian tissue of the rats in PCOS group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).The RT-qPCR results showed that compared with control group,the expression level of Plet1 mRNA in ovarian granulosa cells in si-Plet1-rat-383 group was decreased(P＜0.01),exhibiting the most pronounced reduction.Compared with control group,the proliferation activity of rat ovarian granulosa cells in si-Plet1-rat-383 group was decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with control group,the expression levels of CDK6 and P53 mRNA in rat ovarian granulosa cells in si-Plet1-rat-383 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion:Plet1 protein is predominantly expressed and localized in granulosa cells and luteal cells in normal rat ovarian tissue.Its expression is downregulated in the ovarian tissue of PCOS model rats,and interference with Plet1 gene expression may inhibit the proliferation of rat ovarian granulosa cells.

Rolling manipulation is one of the swing techniques with strong operational skills in massage therapy. This article summarized the biomechanical parameters and mechanism of the massage operation from multiple perspectives, including three-dimensional motion, force trajectory, dynamic parameters, force effect relationship, and mechanism. It is found that the massage operation could exert force in the vertical and horizontal directions of the body surface, and the movement trajectories of the front and back were generally symmetrical. The anterior force was approximately three times the retraction force, and the brachioradialis, pectoralis major, triceps, and deltoids were the main muscles that could exert force during manual manipulation. The method can have effects on hemodynamics, cellular anti-inflammatory effects, and improve the physiological function of tissues and organs. However, there is currently a lack of objective and unified norms and standards for the specific strength, frequency, and specific parameter combinations of massage methods, so the further improvement is still needed.

Objective To evaluate the applicability of the comprehensive index method for assessing occupational health risks on chemical hazards in key work sites of a metal product enterprise. Methods A metal product enterprise in Beijing City was chosen as the research subject using the convenience sampling method. Occupational health investigations and chemical hazard monitoring were conducted at four work sites: grinding machine operation, welding, cutting, and painting. The comprehensive index method was used to determine the risk levels of chemical hazards. Results The grinding dust in the grinding machine operation work site was assessed as moderate risk. The nitrogen oxides and ozone in the welding (southeast) work sites were assessed as moderate risk. The nitrogen oxides ozone and welding fumes in the welding (northwest) and cutting work site were assessed as moderate risk. Benzene in the painting work site was assessed as moderate risk. All chemical hazards in other work sites were determined to pose low risks. Co-exposures to nitrogen oxides and ozone in the two welding work sites and cutting work site were classified as moderate risk. Co-exposure to ethylbenzene, xylene, methanol, ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate in the painting work site also posed moderate risk, while the co-exposure to toluene and methanol in the painting work site was assessed as low risk. Conclusion The comprehensive index method could be used for the occupational health risk assessment in the metal product enterprise. The enterprise should strengthen hazard control measures for exposure to grinding dust, welding fumes, nitrogen oxides, ozone, and benzene, and closely monitor the health risks associated with co-exposures of chemical hazards.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of a modified sericin hydrogel scaffold loaded with dexamethasone(SMH-CD/DEX)scaffold for promoting bone defect healing by stimulating anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization.Methods The light-curable SMH-CD/DEX scaffold was prepared using dexamethasone-loaded NH2-β-cyclodextrin(NH2-β-CD)and sericin hydrogel and characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),biocompatibility assessment and drug release test.THP-1 macrophages incubated with the scaffold were examined for protein expressions of iNOS and Arg-1,mRNA expressions of IL-6,Il-10,Arg-1 and iNOS,and surface markers CD86 and CD206 using Western blotting,RT-qPCR,and flow cytometry.In a co-culture system of human periodontal ligament stem cells(HPDLSCs)and THP-1 macrophages,the osteogenic ability of the stem cells incubated with the scaffold was evaluated by detecting protein expressions of COL1A1 and Runx2 and expressions of ALP,Runx2,OCN and BMP2 mRNA,ALP staining,and alizarin red staining.In a rat model of mandibular bone defect,the osteogenic effect of the scaffold was assessed by observing bone regeneration using micro-CT and histopathological staining.Results In THP-1 macrophages,incubation with SMH-CD/DEX scaffold significantly enhanced protein expressions of Arg-1 and mRNA expressions of IL-10 and Arg-1 and lowered iNOS protein expression and IL-6 and iNOS mRNA expressions.In the co-culture system,SMH-CD/DEX effectively increased the protein expressions of COL1A1 and Runx2 and mRNA expressions of ALP and BMP2 in HPDLSCs and promoted their osteogenic differentiation.In the rat models,implantation of SMH-CD/DEX scaffold significantly promoted bone repair and bone regeneration in the bone defect.Conclusion The SMH-CD/DEX scaffold capable of sustained dexamethasone release promotes osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and bone defect repair in rats by regulating M2 polarization.

Objective To explore the changes in cerebral blood flow caused by mandibular retrusion,as well as the impact and potential mechanisms on stroke recovery.Methods 6-week-old SD male rats were selected as experi-mental subjects.The metal cannula was bonded to the rat maxillary incisor for one week,forcing mandibular retru-sion(MR).Cerebral blood flow was detected by laser speckle imaging.Cognitive function was detected by the Morris water.Then,the stroke model was constructed in MR rats by using the middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)method for one week.Meanwhile,metal cannulae were then removed in rats to restore the lower jaw's position(MCAO RO),serving as a positive control group.Consequently,rats were randomly divided into the fol-lowing groups:Sham groups,MCAO groups,MCAO MR groups,and MCAO RO groups.Neurological recovery was assessed through the modified neurological severity score(mNSS).The area of cerebral infarction was evalua-ted by using triphenyltetrazolium(TTC)staining.The changes in nerve cells were observed by using hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining.The protein expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)was detected by immunohistochemistry.The protein expression levels of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule(CD31),sirtuin 6(SIRT6),and thioredoxin interaction protein(TXNIP)were detected by Western blot.The mRNA expression levels of SIRT6,TXNIP,and VEGF were determined by qRT-PCR.Microglia activation marker molecule 1(IBA-1)was detected by immunofluorescence.Resluts Because of mandibular retrusion,laser speckle showed de-creased cerebral blood flow,and the water maze showed decreased cognitive function.Compared to other groups,MCAO MR showed a larger ischemic area in TTC staining,while HE staining and neurological scoring showed poo-rer neurological function recovery.Western blot and qRT-PCR showed that the MCAO MR group inhibited the mR-NA and protein expression levels of SIRT6,upregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of TXNIP,and in-creased the activation of microglia.Conclusion Mandibular retrusion reduces cerebral blood flow and alters cogni-tive function in rats.Mandibular retrusion inhibits recovery in stroke through the SIRT6/TXNIP axis.

Objective A wearable wireless chest patch monitoring terminal is designed to realize the acquisition,processing,and wireless transmission of ECG,respiration,and body temperature signals.Methods The analog front-end ADS1292R,which integrates respiratory impedance and ECG front-end,is utilized to collect human ECG and respiratory signals.The body temperature is collected using a low-power,high-precision digital temperature sensor MAX30208.A filter algorithm for signal processing and wireless transmission is designed through a low-power nRF52840 Bluetooth SoC with an Arm Cortex-M4F kernel.Results The experimental results show that the designed monitoring terminal can monitor the ECG,respiration,and body temperature parameters of the human body in real-time and send the monitoring results via Bluetooth,with a continuous working time of more than 13 hours.Conclusion The wearable wireless chest patch monitoring terminal features good portability,long standby time,and high measurement accuracy,and it has promising application prospects in the fields of family health monitoring,mobile medical treatment,and smart healthcare.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of a modified sericin hydrogel scaffold loaded with dexamethasone(SMH-CD/DEX)scaffold for promoting bone defect healing by stimulating anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization.Methods The light-curable SMH-CD/DEX scaffold was prepared using dexamethasone-loaded NH2-β-cyclodextrin(NH2-β-CD)and sericin hydrogel and characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),biocompatibility assessment and drug release test.THP-1 macrophages incubated with the scaffold were examined for protein expressions of iNOS and Arg-1,mRNA expressions of IL-6,Il-10,Arg-1 and iNOS,and surface markers CD86 and CD206 using Western blotting,RT-qPCR,and flow cytometry.In a co-culture system of human periodontal ligament stem cells(HPDLSCs)and THP-1 macrophages,the osteogenic ability of the stem cells incubated with the scaffold was evaluated by detecting protein expressions of COL1A1 and Runx2 and expressions of ALP,Runx2,OCN and BMP2 mRNA,ALP staining,and alizarin red staining.In a rat model of mandibular bone defect,the osteogenic effect of the scaffold was assessed by observing bone regeneration using micro-CT and histopathological staining.Results In THP-1 macrophages,incubation with SMH-CD/DEX scaffold significantly enhanced protein expressions of Arg-1 and mRNA expressions of IL-10 and Arg-1 and lowered iNOS protein expression and IL-6 and iNOS mRNA expressions.In the co-culture system,SMH-CD/DEX effectively increased the protein expressions of COL1A1 and Runx2 and mRNA expressions of ALP and BMP2 in HPDLSCs and promoted their osteogenic differentiation.In the rat models,implantation of SMH-CD/DEX scaffold significantly promoted bone repair and bone regeneration in the bone defect.Conclusion The SMH-CD/DEX scaffold capable of sustained dexamethasone release promotes osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and bone defect repair in rats by regulating M2 polarization.