Hygroscopicity research has long been a key focus and hot topic in Chinese materia medica（CMM）. Elucidating hygroscopic mechanisms plays a vital role in formulation design， process optimization， and storage condition selection. Hygroscopic models serve as essential tools for characterizing CMM hygroscopic mechanisms， with various types available. The double exponential model is a kinetic mathematical model constructed based on the law of conservation of energy and Fick's first law of diffusion， tailored to the physical properties of CMM extracts. In recent years， this model has been extensively applied to simulate the dynamic moisture absorption behavior of CMM extracts and solid dosage forms under varying humidity conditions. It has revealed the correlation between moisture absorption kinetic parameters and material properties， offering a new perspective for characterizing the moisture uptake behavior of CMM. This paper systematically reviews the application progress of this model in the field of CMM， analyzes its advantages， disadvantages， and challenges in this domain， and explores its potential application trends in other fields. It aims to provide references for elucidating the moisture absorption mechanisms of CMM and researching moisture-proofing technologies， while also offering insights for its broader application in food and polymer materials.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the differences in perioperative clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with different pathological types of prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy, and to analyze the influencing factors that may affect the extraglandular invasion of ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate. METHODS: Retrospective collection was made of the radical prostatectomy patients who were admitted to Peking University Third Hospital from December 2011 to April 2021. The patients were screened based on inclusion criteria to obtain basic clinical features and postoperative pathological results. According to the pathological results, the patients were divided into ductal adenocarcinoma group (mixed with ductal adenocarcinoma) and acinar adenocarcinoma group, and a 1 ∶1 propensity score matching was performed to compare the differences in clinical characteristics between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the factors related to extraglandular invasion were performed in the matched ductal adenocarcinoma groups. RESULTS: A total of 764 patients with prostate cancer were enrolled in this study, of which 62 patients were confirmed to have ductal adenocarcinoma components by postoperative pathology. There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of the patients with a history of diabetes in baseline characteristics between the two groups before propensity score matching (29.5% vs. 17.7%, P=0.027). A total of 61 patients with simple acinar adenocarcinoma were successfully matched with the patients with ductal adenocarcinoma, and there was no statistically significant difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups after matching (P>0.05). The comparison of perioperative clinical and pathological features showed that International Society of Urology Pathology (ISUP) grade (P=0.003), pT stage (P=0.004), extraglandular invasion rate (P=0.018) and vascular thrombus rate (P=0.019) in ductal adenocarcinoma group were significantly higher than those in simple acinous adenocarcinoma group. Univariate analysis of the influence factors of extraglandular invasion showed that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, prostate volume, ISUP grade, seminal vesicle invasion and perineural invasion might be the influencing factors of extraglandular invasion (P < 0.10). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that perineural invasion was an independent factor of extraglandular invasion (OR=11.78, 95%CI: 1.97-70.56, P=0.007). CONCLUSION Prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma has a worse prognosis than simple acinar adenocarcinoma. Perineural invasion is the influencing factor of extraglandular invasion of ductal adenocarcinoma.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Prostatectomy ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Ductal/surgery* ; Propensity Score ; Adenocarcinoma/surgery*

AIM:To study the protective effect of transient receptor potential vanilic acid subtype 1(TRPV1)agonist capsaicin(CAP)on traumatic blood loss shock rats,and to further explore its possible mechanism by network pharmacology.METHODS:Forty-five SD rats were divided into 5 groups by random number table method:normal group,shock group,lactated Ringer's solution(LR)group,CAP pretreatment(single administration before shock)group,CAP pre-final administration(twice administration before and after shock)group,with 9 rats in each group for survival observation.Then 32 SD rats were divided into 4 groups according to the results of survival experiment:normal group,shock group,LR group,CAP pre-final administration group,with 8 rats in each group for blood pressure,hemodynamics,arterial blood gas,vascular reactivi-ty and hepaticand renal blood flow.At the same time,the potential mechanism of CAP in the treat-ment of traumatic hemorrhagic shock was investi-gated by network pharmacology.Furthermore,ap-ply the dataset to validate and analyse the diagnos-tic value of the hub genes.RESULTS:Rats in shock group died within hours of the completion of the shock model,and the mean survival time was 1.25(0.42,6.21)h.LR resuscitation could improve the survival of rats to some extent.The survival rate and survival time of rats in the CAP pretreatment group were slightly increased as compared with the LR group,while twice administration of CAP be-fore and after shock(CAP pre-final administration)resulted in better outcomes than LR resuscitation alone.Further results indicated that CAP pre-final administration significantly reduced the blood lac-tic acid level,improved the vasoconstrictive and di-astolic reactivity,and increased the liver and kidney blood flow of shock rats as compared with LR group.The improvement of hemodynamics and blood gas indexes in CAP group was slightly higher than LR group,but there was no statistical signifi-cance.A total of 37 genes related to CAP anti-trau-matic hemorrhage shock were obtained by net-work pharmacology.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the Ca ion signaling pathway and Ras signaling pathway were significantly enriched.Vali-dation of the dataset showed that the expression levels of CXCR4,NF-kB1,GFPA and NTF3 hub gene were significantly different in the normal and shock groups,and that CXCR4 has a high diagnostic value for traumatic haemorrhagic shock.CONCLUSIONS:CAP,the TRPV1 agonist,significantly improved vas-cular function,increased organ blood flow,and cor-rected the lactic acidosis in rats with traumatic hemorrhagic shock,thus markedly improved the survival outcomes.The mechanism may be related to Ca ion signal pathway and Ras signal pathway.CXCR4,NF-kB1,GFPA and NTF3 may be having an important role in it.

Objective To analyse phenotype and genetic variation of two congenital hypodysfibrinogenemia(Fg)caused by compound heterozygous variants and preliminary investigate their molecular pathogenic mechanisms.Metheds The proband A and B and their family members(a total of 19 members in 3 generations)who visited the First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University on 4 May 2023 and 20 May 2023 for"parkinson's disease"and"pre-bilateral eyelid excision"were enrolled for the study.Prothrombin time(TT)and fibrinogen(Fg)activity were measured by coagulation assay and Fg antigen(Fg∶Ag)was measured by immunoturbidimetric assay for the two family members,and Fg aggregation assay was catalysed using human thrombin.FGG gene was amplified by PCR and se-quenced directly.The variant sites were analysed using Chromas software.Multiple sequence comparison was performed by ClustalX-2.1-win software.Pathogenicity analysis of the variant sites was performed using bioinformatics software.The analysis for FGG protein model was performed using PyMOL software.Results Phenotypic results showed TT of proband A and B extended to 27.5 s and 26.1 s,and plasma Fg activity reduced to 0.6 g/L and＜0.5 g/L,respectively.Genetic sequencing identified heterozygous c.1129+62_65delAATA on intron 8 of FGG gene in the both probands,resulting in the formation of aberrant amino acids at p.γGly377-Gly388 and an early ter-mination codon at p.γTyr389 site.A heterozygous missense variant c.103C＞A(p.AαArg35Ser)was found in exon 2 of the FGA gene of proband A,and a heterozygous missense variant c.569A＞G(p.BβAsn190Ser)was found in exon 4 of the FGB gene of proband B.Compared to the control group,the both probands showed significant decreases in peak and rate of Fg aggregation.Multiple sequence comparison analyses showed that all the three variant sites were conserved.Three bioinformatics software predicted both the missense variants were pathogenic.Protein modelling analysis showed that the number of hydrogen bonds in p.γGly377-Gly388 variant region was altered,resulting in steric hinderance.Conclusion All the two types of compound heterozygous variants,i.e.,c.1129+62_65delAATA and p.AαArg35Ser,c.1129+62_65delAATA and p.BβAsn190Ser,have been reported for the first time in Chi-na and worldwide to date,and the three variants may be related to the reduced Fg level and function in the two pedigree.

Objective To explore the role of nucleolin 6(NOL6)in the occurrence and development of hypertension and its mechanism of regulating ribosome biogenesis.Methods Differentially expressed genes were screened based on the GEO database(chip GSE212338),and intersection analysis was conducted in combination with genes related to ribosome generation to obtain genes related to ribosome biogenesis in hypertension.The rats were divided into control group and model group(L-NAME group).The hypertensive rat model was induced by N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME),and the thickness and pathological changes of the aortic wall in each group were observed by HE staining.The expression of ribosomal RNA(rRNA)in rat aortic tissues was detected by qPCR to reflect ribosome biogenesis,and the protein expression of NOL6 was detected by Western blotting.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were cultured and grouped for treatment(control group,L-NAME group,AngⅡ group,AngⅡ+si-NC group,AngⅡ+si-NOL6 group,and AngⅡ+CX-5461 group).The generation of neocRNA in HUVEC was detected by EU.The protein and mRNA expressions of NOL6 in HUVEC were detected by Western blotting and qPCR,respectively.Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)and p-eNOS.Results By combining the differential expression analysis of the GEO hypertension dataset GSE212338 and the ribosome biogenesis gene set,six core genes with significantly altered expression in hypertension and related to ribosome biogenesis were identified.The difference in NOL6 was the most significant.Compared with the control group,the aortic wall thickness of rats in the L-NAME group increased significantly.Ribosomal RNA expression was significantly upregulated;the protein and mRNA expressions of NOL6 were significantly upregulated,too.Compared with the control group,the generation of neoRNA in the cells of the L-NAME group increased significantly;the levels of NOL6 protein and mRNA,ribosomal RNA and neoRNA in the Ang Ⅱ group were significantly increased compared with the control group but significantly decreased compared with the Ang Ⅱ+si-NC group.Compared with the Ang Ⅱ+si-NOL6 group,the protein and mRNA expressions of NOL6 in the AngⅡ+si-NC group and the AngⅡ+CX-5461 group cells were significantly increased.Compared with the AngⅡ+si-NC group,the levels of ribosomal RNA and neoRNA in the AngⅡ+si-NOL6 group and the AngⅡ+CX-5461 group were significantly decreased;the protein expressions of eNOS and p-eNOS were significantly increased.Conclusion NOL6 is associated with abnormal ribosome biogenesis in hypertension.NOL6 can affect the expression of eNOS by regulating ribosome biogenesis,thereby regulating the occurrence and development of hypertension.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that is challenging to treat and lacks targeted therapeutic drugs in the clinic. Natural active ingredients provide promising opportunities for discovering and developing targeted therapies for TNBC. This study investigated the effects of daurisoline on TNBC and elucidated its potential mechanisms. Using network pharmacology, a correlation was identified between daurisoline, derived from Menispermum dauricum, and breast cancer, particularly involving the Notch signaling pathway. The effects of daurisoline on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were evaluated in vitro. Additionally, the impact of daurisoline on the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors in nude mice was assessed through in vivo experiments. Expression levels of Notch signaling pathway-related proteins, including Notch-1, NICD, PSEN-1, Bax, and Bcl-2, were examined using molecular docking and Western blotting to explore the underlying mechanisms of daurisoline’s anti-breast cancer effects. It was revealed that daurisoline could effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells and promote apoptosis. Furthermore, it significantly reduced the growth of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. Notably, daurisoline could reduce the hydrolytic activity of γ-secretase by binding to the catalytic core PSEN-1, thereby inhibiting activation of the γ-secretase/Notch axis and contributing to its anti-TNBC effects.This study supported the development of naturally targeted drugs for TNBC and provided insights into the research on dibenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, such as daurisoline.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of injury surveillance cases among the elderly in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2023, so as to provide the basis for formulating targeted injury intervention measures. Methods: Injury surveillance cases aged ≥60 years were collected from seven injury sentinel hospitals in Ningbo City through the Zhejiang Provincial Chronic Disease Surveillance Information Management System from 2014 to 2023. Population distribution, temporal distribution, injury circumstances, and clinical characteristics were described. Results: A total of 67 259 injury surveillance cases among the elderly were reported in Ningbo City from 2014 to 2023, including 32 159 males (47.81%) and 35 100 females (52.19%). The median age was 68.00 (interquartile range, 14.00) years. The three months with a higher number of cases were December (6 271 cases, 9.32%), August (6 226 cases, 9.26%) and October (6 221 cases, 9.25%). The primary causes of injury were falls (25 276 cases, 37.58%), stabs (12 250 cases, 18.21%), and sprains (11 815 cases, 17.57%). The injury occurred mainly in homes (44 975 cases, 66.87%) and streets/urban areas (16 174 cases, 24.05%). The predominant activities at the time of injury were leisure activities (28 801 cases, 42.82%) and household chores (23 647 cases, 35.16%). The proportions of falls as the cause of injury and injuries occurring at home among females and people aged 80 years and above were relatively high. The predominant sites of injury were upper limbs (23 354 cases, 34.72%) and lower limbs (20 343 cases, 30.25%). The predominant nature of injury were soft tissue injuries (43 345 cases, 64.44%) and bone and joint injuries (22 042 cases, 32.77%). Injuries were primarily mild and moderate in severity, with 46 391 cases (68.97%) and 20 205 cases (30.04%), respectively. The proportion of bone and joint injuries, moderate in injuries among females and people aged 80 years and above was relatively high. Conclusions The main causes of injury surveillance cases among the elderly in Ningbo City from 2014 to 2023 were falls and stabs, and the injuries occurred mainly in homes and streets/urban areas. Female and elderly people have a higher risk of injury.

ObjectiveTo explore the regulatory effects and mechanisms of Astragali Radix polysaccharide （APS） on inhibitor of differentiation1 （ID1） and protein kinase B （Akt） in gastric cancer. MethodsImmunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of ID1 and Akt in 61 gastric cancer tissue samples and 20 adjacent normal gastric tissue samples. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the localization of ID1 and Akt. The effects of APS at the concentrations of 0.625， 1.25， 2.5， 5， 10， 20 mg·L^-1 on the proliferation of gastric cancer MGC-803 cells were examined by the cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） method and the colony formation assay. The target information of APS was retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and Analysis Platform and Swiss Target Prediction. Keywords such as gastric cancer， gastric tumor， and stomach cancer were searched against GeneCards， UniProt， DisGeNET， and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM） for the screening of gastric cancer-related targets. The online tool jvenn was used to create the Venn diagram to identify the common targets， and STRING and Cytoscape were used to construct the protein-protein interaction network. Gene Ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analyses were conducted via R 4.2.2 to predict the potential roles of APS in the development of gastric cancer. The cell scratch assay was employed to assess the effect of APS on the migration of MGC-803 cells. The protein and mRNA levels of ID1 and Akt in the cells treated with APS were determined by Western blot and Real-time PCR， respectively. ResultsCompared with the adjacent normal gastric tissue， the gastric adenocarcinoma tissue showed increased positive expression of ID1 （χ² =81.00， P<0.01）. Immunofluorescence detection showed that ID1 and Akt were mainly located in the cytoplasm of gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Bioinformatics analysis identified 14 common genes shared between APS and gastric cancer. The average degree of protein-protein interaction network nodes was 14.29. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment results showed that ID1 and Akt were significantly enriched in the Rap1 and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase （PI3K） /Akt signaling pathways. Cell experiments demonstrated that 5-fluorouracil （0.1 mg·L^-1） and APS （10， 20 mg·L^-1） groups showed decreased cell proliferation， migration， and colony formation. Compared with the control group， 10， 20 mg·L^-1 APS inhibited the proliferation of MGC-803 cells （P<0.01）， with 10 mg·L^-1 APS demonstrating stronger inhibitory effect. In addition， APS at 10， 20 mg·L^-1 inhibited the migration （P<0.01） and colony formation （P<0.05， P<0.01） of MGC-803 cells. Compared with the control group， APS at 10， 20 mg·L^-1 down-regulated the protein levels of ID1 （P<0.01） and Akt （P<0.05） and the mRNA levels of ID1 （P<0.05， P<0.01） and Akt （P<0.05， P<0.01） in MGC-803 cells. ConclusionID1 and Akt are highly expressed in the gastric adenocarcinoma tissue， which may be related to the development of gastric cancer. APS can down-regulate the protein and mRNA levels of ID1 and Akt to exert anti-tumor effects， which is expected to provide new therapeutic targets for gastric cancer treatment.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that is challenging to treat and lacks targeted therapeutic drugs in the clinic. Natural active ingredients provide promising opportunities for discovering and developing targeted therapies for TNBC. This study investigated the effects of daurisoline on TNBC and elucidated its potential mechanisms. Using network pharmacology, a correlation was identified between daurisoline, derived from Menispermum dauricum, and breast cancer, particularly involving the Notch signaling pathway. The effects of daurisoline on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were evaluated in vitro. Additionally, the impact of daurisoline on the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors in nude mice was assessed through in vivo experiments. Expression levels of Notch signaling pathway-related proteins, including Notch-1, NICD, PSEN-1, Bax, and Bcl-2, were examined using molecular docking and Western blotting to explore the underlying mechanisms of daurisoline’s anti-breast cancer effects. It was revealed that daurisoline could effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells and promote apoptosis. Furthermore, it significantly reduced the growth of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. Notably, daurisoline could reduce the hydrolytic activity of γ-secretase by binding to the catalytic core PSEN-1, thereby inhibiting activation of the γ-secretase/Notch axis and contributing to its anti-TNBC effects.This study supported the development of naturally targeted drugs for TNBC and provided insights into the research on dibenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, such as daurisoline.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that is challenging to treat and lacks targeted therapeutic drugs in the clinic. Natural active ingredients provide promising opportunities for discovering and developing targeted therapies for TNBC. This study investigated the effects of daurisoline on TNBC and elucidated its potential mechanisms. Using network pharmacology, a correlation was identified between daurisoline, derived from Menispermum dauricum, and breast cancer, particularly involving the Notch signaling pathway. The effects of daurisoline on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were evaluated in vitro. Additionally, the impact of daurisoline on the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors in nude mice was assessed through in vivo experiments. Expression levels of Notch signaling pathway-related proteins, including Notch-1, NICD, PSEN-1, Bax, and Bcl-2, were examined using molecular docking and Western blotting to explore the underlying mechanisms of daurisoline’s anti-breast cancer effects. It was revealed that daurisoline could effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells and promote apoptosis. Furthermore, it significantly reduced the growth of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. Notably, daurisoline could reduce the hydrolytic activity of γ-secretase by binding to the catalytic core PSEN-1, thereby inhibiting activation of the γ-secretase/Notch axis and contributing to its anti-TNBC effects.This study supported the development of naturally targeted drugs for TNBC and provided insights into the research on dibenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, such as daurisoline.