Objective To assess the motor function of school-aged children with congenital muscular torticollis(CMT),and analyze the spatiotemporal parameters of their walking motion as well as the kinematic parameters of the trunk and lower limbs,so as to explore the potential long-term impact of CMT on the growth and development of children.Methods Using three-dimensional(3D)gait analysis technology,the gait of children with CMT was evaluated in detail and compared with that of normal children.The motion angles and ranges of the trunk,pelvis,hip,knee,and ankle joints,along with spatio-temporal parameters,were analyzed.Thirty-one children with CMT aged 6-12 years were recruited into the torticollis group,and 31 normal children of the same age range were included in the control group.The data of the torticollis group were divided into the healthy side and the affected side based on the side of the torticollis.Statistical analysis was performed among the three groups to calculate the differences in kinematic and spatio-temporal parameters.Results Compared with nomal children of the same age in the control group,significant differences were observed in the affected and unaffected sides of the torticollis group in terms of stride length,gait speed,percentage of support phase time,average ankle inversion angle during the swing phase,average ankle inversion angle during the support phase,average foot orientation angle during the support phase,average ankle internal rotation angle relative to the tibia during the stance phase,average knee valgus angle during the stance phase,average shoulder joint elevation,and shoulder joint height at landing.Specifically,the torticollis group had significantly lower stride length,gait speed,ankle inversion angle,knee valgus angle,and foot eversion angle in both the affected and unaffected sides compared to the control group,while the percentage of support phase time and the internal rotation angle of the foot relative to the tibia during the stance phase were higher than those in the control group.Conclusions For school-aged children with CMT,there are still residual manifestations of overall motor development abnormalities.These abnormalities also affect the non-affected side.Children with CMT have a relatively high risk of developing uneven shoulders,their overall walking efficiency is lower than that of normal children of the same age,and they exhibit lower limb motor abnormalities such as insufficient ankle joint stability.

Through a comprehensive analysis of four cases involving repeated forensic clinical identification on the degree of human injury,disability grade,causal relationship of injury and disease,medical damage liability dispute,the reasons for the emergence of different appraisal opinions are explored.According to the reasons for the disputed conclusion,the deviation or error of the appraisal opinion can be classified in a variety of ways.Among them,the inherent limitations of theories and methods used as appraisal bases,the lack of operational skills or cognitive ability of appraisers,the unclear provisions of appraisal standards and the lack of adequacy and validity in the process of analysis and reasoning are the key reasons for the deviation or error of appraisal opinions.In light of these findings,it is necessary to strengthen the review of expert opinions in judicial practice and form a powerful error correction mechanism.

Tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease posing a substantial public health threat.Immunological diagnosis and vaccine im-munization are both necessary to control tuberculosis prevalence.However,the identical antigenic components in diagnostic reagents and vaccines hinder the use of animal vaccines and limit the specificity of clinical diagnosis in humans.Differentiating infected from vaccinated animals can overcome these problems.This article reviews the progress in differential diagnosis research from three as-pects:the diagnostic effects of antigens,methods for discovering new antigens,and screening of new host immune markers,to provide a theoretical basis for future research.

Tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease posing a substantial public health threat.Immunological diagnosis and vaccine im-munization are both necessary to control tuberculosis prevalence.However,the identical antigenic components in diagnostic reagents and vaccines hinder the use of animal vaccines and limit the specificity of clinical diagnosis in humans.Differentiating infected from vaccinated animals can overcome these problems.This article reviews the progress in differential diagnosis research from three as-pects:the diagnostic effects of antigens,methods for discovering new antigens,and screening of new host immune markers,to provide a theoretical basis for future research.

Objective To assess the motor function of school-aged children with congenital muscular torticollis(CMT),and analyze the spatiotemporal parameters of their walking motion as well as the kinematic parameters of the trunk and lower limbs,so as to explore the potential long-term impact of CMT on the growth and development of children.Methods Using three-dimensional(3D)gait analysis technology,the gait of children with CMT was evaluated in detail and compared with that of normal children.The motion angles and ranges of the trunk,pelvis,hip,knee,and ankle joints,along with spatio-temporal parameters,were analyzed.Thirty-one children with CMT aged 6-12 years were recruited into the torticollis group,and 31 normal children of the same age range were included in the control group.The data of the torticollis group were divided into the healthy side and the affected side based on the side of the torticollis.Statistical analysis was performed among the three groups to calculate the differences in kinematic and spatio-temporal parameters.Results Compared with nomal children of the same age in the control group,significant differences were observed in the affected and unaffected sides of the torticollis group in terms of stride length,gait speed,percentage of support phase time,average ankle inversion angle during the swing phase,average ankle inversion angle during the support phase,average foot orientation angle during the support phase,average ankle internal rotation angle relative to the tibia during the stance phase,average knee valgus angle during the stance phase,average shoulder joint elevation,and shoulder joint height at landing.Specifically,the torticollis group had significantly lower stride length,gait speed,ankle inversion angle,knee valgus angle,and foot eversion angle in both the affected and unaffected sides compared to the control group,while the percentage of support phase time and the internal rotation angle of the foot relative to the tibia during the stance phase were higher than those in the control group.Conclusions For school-aged children with CMT,there are still residual manifestations of overall motor development abnormalities.These abnormalities also affect the non-affected side.Children with CMT have a relatively high risk of developing uneven shoulders,their overall walking efficiency is lower than that of normal children of the same age,and they exhibit lower limb motor abnormalities such as insufficient ankle joint stability.

Through a comprehensive analysis of four cases involving repeated forensic clinical identification on the degree of human injury,disability grade,causal relationship of injury and disease,medical damage liability dispute,the reasons for the emergence of different appraisal opinions are explored.According to the reasons for the disputed conclusion,the deviation or error of the appraisal opinion can be classified in a variety of ways.Among them,the inherent limitations of theories and methods used as appraisal bases,the lack of operational skills or cognitive ability of appraisers,the unclear provisions of appraisal standards and the lack of adequacy and validity in the process of analysis and reasoning are the key reasons for the deviation or error of appraisal opinions.In light of these findings,it is necessary to strengthen the review of expert opinions in judicial practice and form a powerful error correction mechanism.

AIM:To observe the effect of Pingwei capsule on the precancerous lesions of gastric cancer(PLGC)cell model induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG),and to preliminarily explore its mecha-nism.METHODS:Blank serum and Pingwei capsule-containing serum were prepared for later use.A PLGC cell model was established by MNNG-induced human gastric mucosal epithelial cell line GES-1.To evaluate the model,cell morpho-logical changes were observed under inverted microscope,and the expression of proliferating cell-related antigen Ki67 was detected by immunofluorescence staining.CCK-8 assay was used to screen the optimal intervention concentration and time of serum containing drugs.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)content in cells was detected using a fluorescent probe DCFH-DA.Malondialdehyde(MDA)content was detected by ELISA,and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and gluta-thione peroxidase(GSH-Px)was detected using biochemical reagents.A novel fluorescent probe JC-10 was used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential.The mRNA expression levels of Ki67 and melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7(MDA-7)were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The protein expression levels of Ki67,interleukin-6(IL-6)and MDA-7 were detected by Western blot.RESULTS:Compared with normal group,the ROS and MDA levels in model group and blank serum group were significantly increased(P<0.01),while the activity of SOD and GSH-Px was significantly decreased(P<0.01).The mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly decreased(P<0.01).The protein expression levels of Ki67 and IL-6 were significantly increased(P<0.01),while the protein expression level of MDA-7 was significantly decreased(P<0.01).There were no significant differences of the above indicators between model group and blank serum group(P>0.05).Compared with blank serum group,the Pingwei capsule-containing serum group showed significantly decreased ROS and MDA levels(P<0.01),significantly increased activity of SOD and GSH-Px(P<0.05),significantly increased mitochondrial membrane potential(P<0.01),significantly decreased protein expres-sion levels of Ki67 and IL-6(P<0.01),and significantly increased protein and mRNA expression levels of MDA-7(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Pingwei capsule can significantly alleviate MNNG-induced oxidative damage and inflammatory response,and regulate the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes,thereby playing a role in prevention and treatment of PLGC.

Objective lo analyze the difference of peri-coronary tat attenuation index(pr Al)on different grades of hypertension(HT),and to explore the value of pFAI in evaluating the risk of HT patients.Methods Retrospective data on hospitalized patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA)examination for chest pain were collected.A total of 415 clini-cally confirmed HT patients were selected as observation group(including 132 patients in grade 1 HT group,137 patients in grade 2 HT group,146 patients in grade 3 HT group),and 187 non-hypertension patients during the same period as control group.The differ-ence of fat attenuation index(FAI)in three main coronary arteries[left anterior descending artery(LAD),left circumflex artery(LCX),right coronary artery(RCA)]was compared,and the correlation between pF AI and HT patients was analyzed.Results RCA-FAI(-78.86 HU±7.66 HU)and LAD-FAI(-80.62 HU±7.50 HU)were higher in HT group than those in control group(-84.46 HU± 8.00 HU,-83.43 HU±7.51 HU,P＜0.05).pFAI value was higher in grade 3 HT group than that in grade 1 HT group and grade 2 HT group(P＜0.05),while there were no differences between grade 1 HT group and grade 2 HT group(P＞0.05).After adjusting the influence of traditional risk factors and coronaryartery disease,RCA-FAI had relatively closer relationship with HT grades(r=0.47,P＜0.001).Conclusion LAD-FAI,RCA-FAI in the HT group are higher than those in control group and RCA-FAI has relatively closer relationship with HT grades,suggesting that RCA-FAI may be an imaging indicator to evaluate the pro-gression of HT and predict the risk of HT.

Surgical operation is the main treatment of oral and maxillofacial tumors.Dysphagia is a common postoperative complication.Swal-lowing disorder can not only lead to mis-aspiration,malnutrition,aspiration pneumonia and other serious consequences,but also may cause psychological problems and social communication barriers,affecting the quality of life of the patients.At present,there is no systematic evalua-tion and rehabilitation management plan for the problem of swallowing disorder after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery in China.Combining the characteristics of postoperative swallowing disorder in patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors,summarizing the clinical experience of ex-perts in the field of tumor and rehabilitation,reviewing and summarizing relevant literature at home and abroad,and through joint discussion and modification,a group of national experts reached this consensus including the core contents of the screening of swallowing disorders,the phased assessment of prognosis and complications,and the implementation plan of comprehensive management such as nutrition management,respiratory management,swallowing function recovery,psychology and nursing during rehabilitation treatment,in order to improve the evalua-tion and rehabilitation of swallowing disorder after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery in clinic.

Objective To explore the potential relationship between ubiquitination of transforming growth factor kinase 1(TAK1)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway mediated by ring finger protein 99(RNF99)and septic acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods Plasmid and siRNA transfection were conducted to overexpress or knock down RNF99 in MLE12,and expressions of p65 phosphate and p65 protein were analyzed.The protein interaction between RNF99 and TRAF6 or TAK1 was analyzed by immunoprecipitation assay.Forty mice were randomly divided into WT plus PBS,WT plus LPS,RNF99 specific expression(TG)plus PBS,and TG plus LPS groups,with 10 mice in each group.Sepsis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg LPS.Results As compared with vector group,protein expression levels of TRAF6 and TAK1 in MLE12 cells decreased significantly in RNF99 group(P<0.05).Ubiquitinated TRAF6 protein increased in MLE12 cells with RNF99 knockdown.As compared with LPS plus vector group,phosphorylation level of p65 in MLE12 cells was signifi-cantly lower in LPS plus RNF99 group(P<0.05).As compared with si-NC group,protein expression levels of RNF99 and IκBα in si-RNF99 group decreased significantly(P<0.05).As compared with LPS plus si-NC group,phosphorylation level of p65 in LPS plus si-RNF99 group increased significantly(P<0.05).The staining percentage of CD68 macrophages in lung tissues was significantly lower in TG plus LPS group than in WT plus LPS group(P<0.05).Phosphorylation level of p65 in lung tissues was significantly lower in TG plus LPS group than in WT plus LPS group(P<0.05).Conclusion RNF99 regulates NF-κB signaling pathway by interacting with the key regulator of NF-κB signaling pathway(TRAF6/TAK1),and improves lung injury after intraperitoneal injection of LPS in mice.