In recent decades,the incidence of human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)has shown a marked increase.Significant changes have also occurred in the OPSCC diagnosis and treatment paradigm.Deter-mining HPV status prior to treatment is now essential,and radiotherapy/chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and minimally invasive surgical techniques have progressively emerged as key modalities for managing OPSCC.However,alongside these paradigm shifts,a comprehen-sive technical consensus guiding the entire diagnostic and therapeutic process for OPSCC patients is currently lacking.Given China's large population base and the rising incidence of OPSCC,an expert panel convened to develop a clinical technical consensus on OPSCC diagno-sis and management tailored to China's specific context.This consensus aims to further enhance and standardize understanding of OPSCC management techniques among relevant healthcare professionals.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of cardiac MR (CMR)-derived left ventricular end-systolic wall stress (LVESWS) and biventricular strain parameters for different types of heart failure in patients with myocardial infarction.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included 231 patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction by clinical and CMR criteria at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 2015 and July 2023. The endpoint was the occurrence of heart failure, and patients were divided into 3 groups: no heart failure ( n=85), heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF, n=74), and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, n=72). Clinical indicators such as age and infarct size were collected. CMR parameters analysis included LVESWS, left ventricular global radial strain (LVGRS), left ventricular global circumferential strain (LVGCS), left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS), right ventricular global radial strain (RVGRS), right ventricular global circumferential strain (RVGCS), right ventricular global longitudinal strain (RVGLS), left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), and left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI). Differences in clinical baseline data and CMR parameters among the 3 groups were tested. Univariate Cox regression analysis was performed, followed by multivariate Cox modeling of statistically significant factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted for the influencing factors identified in the multivariate Cox model, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves for survival time were plotted. Results:Significant differences were observed in biventricular strain parameters (LVGRS, LVGCS, LVGLS, RVGRS, RVGCS, RVGLS), LVESWS, LVEDVI, and LVESVI among the 3 groups (all P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that RVGCS, age, and infarct size were independent influencing factors for HFpEF after myocardial infarction (all P<0.01), while LVESWS and LVGLS were independent influencing factors for HFrEF after myocardial infarction (all P<0.001). Further ROC analysis revealed that the areas under the curve (AUC) for RVGCS, infarct size, age, RVGCS combined with age, and RVGCS combined with age and infarct size in predicting HFpEF were 0.771, 0.607, 0.615, 0.793, and 0.805, respectively. The AUCs for LVESWS, LVGLS, and LVESWS combined with LVGLS in predicting HFrEF were 0.943, 0.925, and 0.971, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival curves based on optimal cutoff values showed statistically significant differences in survival time between HFpEF and non-heart failure patients when grouped by RVGCS and age (all P<0.05), but no significant difference when grouped by infarct size ( P=0.400). Statistically significant differences in survival time were observed between HFrEF and non-heart failure patients when grouped by LVESWS and LVGLS (all P<0.001). Conclusion:CMR-derived LVESWS and biventricular strain parameters demonstrate significant predictive value for different types of heart failure after myocardial infarction and can serve as valuable imaging markers for heart failure management and risk stratification in patients with myocardial infarction.

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)is a malignant tumor originating from the squamous epithelium of the oro-pharyngeal mucosa,accounting for more than 90％of oropharyngeal malignancies.In recent years,human papillomavirus(HPV)infec-tion has become one of the primary etiological factors of oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma.The incidence of HPV-associated oropharyn-geal squamous carcinoma has been rising annually,with a noticeable trend toward younger populations,posing a significant threat to hu-man health.Due to the distinct biological behavior and clinical characteristics of HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma com-pared to its non-HPV-related counterpart,the diagnostic and treatment strategies for oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma have undergone substantial changes.Prevention and screening for oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma are of critical importance.The diagnostic and treat-ment process involves multi-disciplinary collaboration,including oral and maxillofacial surgery,otolaryngology,head and neck surgery,oncology,radiology and pathology.Based on evidence from clinical practice,a comprehensive,integrated diagnostic and therapeutic ap-proach has been established,centered around the concept of"prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation",covering the entire patient lifecycle and providing a valuable reference for clinical practice.

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)is a malignant tumor originating from the squamous epithelium of the oro-pharyngeal mucosa,accounting for more than 90％of oropharyngeal malignancies.In recent years,human papillomavirus(HPV)infec-tion has become one of the primary etiological factors of oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma.The incidence of HPV-associated oropharyn-geal squamous carcinoma has been rising annually,with a noticeable trend toward younger populations,posing a significant threat to hu-man health.Due to the distinct biological behavior and clinical characteristics of HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma com-pared to its non-HPV-related counterpart,the diagnostic and treatment strategies for oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma have undergone substantial changes.Prevention and screening for oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma are of critical importance.The diagnostic and treat-ment process involves multi-disciplinary collaboration,including oral and maxillofacial surgery,otolaryngology,head and neck surgery,oncology,radiology and pathology.Based on evidence from clinical practice,a comprehensive,integrated diagnostic and therapeutic ap-proach has been established,centered around the concept of"prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation",covering the entire patient lifecycle and providing a valuable reference for clinical practice.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of wearing defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses on binocular visual function and visual quality in myopic children.Methods:A randomized double-blind controlled study was conducted.A total of 176 children (352 eyes) with myopia aged 6 to 15 years were enrolled in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2021 to March 2022.They were randomly divided into DIMS group of 85 cases (170 eyes) and single-vision group of 91 cases (182 eyes) wearing DIMS and single-vision lenses, respectively, using the random number table method.A total of 151 cases (302 eyes) who completed follow-up visits were included in the analysis, including 72 cases (144 eyes) in the DIMS group and 79 cases (158 eyes) in the single-vision group.Before and after 6 and 12 months of lens wear, accommodation amplitude, binocular accommodative sensitivity, distance/near horizontal eye position, and accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) of subjects were measured.Changes in visual function over the year were compared between the two groups.In addition, subjective contrast sensitivity (CS) was assessed at each follow-up visit to evaluate the effect of the lenses on visual quality.The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (No.2020-06).Parents or legal guardians signed written informed consent before the child's participation.Results:There were significant differences in monocular accommodation amplitude and binocular accommodation sensitivity at different time points between before and after lens wear in both groups (Wald χ2time=84.435, 48.201; both P<0.001).In both groups, monocular accommodation amplitude was decreased and the biocular accommodation sensitivity was increased at 6 and 12 months after wearing glasses compared with baseline (all P<0.001).After 12 months of lens wear, the monocular accommodation amplitude decreased by 2.68 D (95% CI: 1.60-3.75 D) in DIMS group and 2.82 D (95% CI: 1.81-3.84 D) in single-vision group.There were statistically significant differences in distance and near horizontal eye position between the two groups at different time points before and after wearing glasses (Wald χtime2=10.398, 23.947; both P<0.01).In the DIMS group, after 12 months of wearing lenses, the distance horizontal eye position drifted outward by 0.68 △(95% CI: 0.06-1.25 △) compared to baseline, with a significant difference ( P<0.05).There was 1.67 △ (95% CI: 0.15-3.20 △) outward drift at near horizontal eye position in the DIMS group and 1.73 △ (95% CI: 0.49-2.96 △) outward drift in the single-vision group compared with baseline, with significant differences (both P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in gradient AC/A values and calculated AC/A values between the two groups at different time points before and after wearing glasses (Wald χtime2=22.001, 13.411; both P<0.01).After 12 months of wearing glasses, the gradient AC/A values significantly decreased in both groups compared to respective baseline, and the calculated AC/A values in the single-vision group showed a significant decrease compared to baseline (all P<0.05).There were no significant difference in the monocular accommodation amplitude, binocular accommodation sensitivity, distance and near horizontal eye position, gradient AC/A values and calculated AC/A values between the two groups (Wald χgroup2=2.385, 2.266, 2.070, 0.571, 0.578, 0.053; all P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the CS at 3, 6, 12, and 18 cpd spatial frequencies between the two groups at different time points before and after wearing lenses (Wald χ2group=1.104, 2.263, 1.861, 3.671; all P>0.05.Wald χ2time=2.260, 5.382, 2.573, 1.637; all P>0.05). Conclusions:Visual function performance after wearing DIMS lenses is consistent with that after wearing single-vision lenses.Wearing DIMS lenses has no obvious negative effect on the long-term visual quality in children.

In recent decades,the incidence of human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)has shown a marked increase.Significant changes have also occurred in the OPSCC diagnosis and treatment paradigm.Deter-mining HPV status prior to treatment is now essential,and radiotherapy/chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and minimally invasive surgical techniques have progressively emerged as key modalities for managing OPSCC.However,alongside these paradigm shifts,a comprehen-sive technical consensus guiding the entire diagnostic and therapeutic process for OPSCC patients is currently lacking.Given China's large population base and the rising incidence of OPSCC,an expert panel convened to develop a clinical technical consensus on OPSCC diagno-sis and management tailored to China's specific context.This consensus aims to further enhance and standardize understanding of OPSCC management techniques among relevant healthcare professionals.

Objectives:To assess the situation of retained cardiac implantable electronic device(CIED)leads after cardiac transplantation,the associated factors,and their impact on long-term prognosis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1 096 patients who underwent cardiac transplantation at Fuwai Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 1,2005 to January 1,2022.Among them,204 patients(18.6%)received CIED therapy before cardiac transplantation.Two physicians independently reviewed the pre-and post-transplant chest X-rays to determine the presence of retained CIED leads.Logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with retained CIED leads,and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted to analyze the impact of retained CIED leads on long-term prognosis.Results:Among the 204 patients who received CIED therapy before cardiac transplantation,the highest proportion were those treated with implantable cardioverter defibrillator(ICD)and cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator(CRT-D),accounting for 47.5%(97/204)and 40.7%(83/204),respectively.The mean duration from CIED implantation to cardiac transplantation was(45.1±40.0)months,and 38 patients(18.6%)had retained CIED leads after cardiac transplantation.The results of the logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that the duration from CIED implantation to cardiac transplantation was the only factor associated with retained CIED leads after cardiac transplantation(OR=1.020,95%CI:1.011-1.030,P=0.000).Cumulative all-cause survival rates among patients without CIED implantation(n=892),those without retained CIED leads(n=166),and those with retained CIED leads(n=38)were 88.5%,93.3%and 84.2%,respectively.Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed no significant difference in cumulative all-cause survival among the three groups(log-rank P=0.643).Conclusions:In patients who received CIED implantation before cardiac transplantation,18.6%had retained leads after surgery.The duration from CIED implantation to cardiac transplantation is the only factor associated with lead retained after cardiac transplantation,but retained leads does not affect the outcome post heart transplantation.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of wearing defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses on binocular visual function and visual quality in myopic children.Methods:A randomized double-blind controlled study was conducted.A total of 176 children (352 eyes) with myopia aged 6 to 15 years were enrolled in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2021 to March 2022.They were randomly divided into DIMS group of 85 cases (170 eyes) and single-vision group of 91 cases (182 eyes) wearing DIMS and single-vision lenses, respectively, using the random number table method.A total of 151 cases (302 eyes) who completed follow-up visits were included in the analysis, including 72 cases (144 eyes) in the DIMS group and 79 cases (158 eyes) in the single-vision group.Before and after 6 and 12 months of lens wear, accommodation amplitude, binocular accommodative sensitivity, distance/near horizontal eye position, and accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) of subjects were measured.Changes in visual function over the year were compared between the two groups.In addition, subjective contrast sensitivity (CS) was assessed at each follow-up visit to evaluate the effect of the lenses on visual quality.The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (No.2020-06).Parents or legal guardians signed written informed consent before the child's participation.Results:There were significant differences in monocular accommodation amplitude and binocular accommodation sensitivity at different time points between before and after lens wear in both groups (Wald χ2time=84.435, 48.201; both P<0.001).In both groups, monocular accommodation amplitude was decreased and the biocular accommodation sensitivity was increased at 6 and 12 months after wearing glasses compared with baseline (all P<0.001).After 12 months of lens wear, the monocular accommodation amplitude decreased by 2.68 D (95% CI: 1.60-3.75 D) in DIMS group and 2.82 D (95% CI: 1.81-3.84 D) in single-vision group.There were statistically significant differences in distance and near horizontal eye position between the two groups at different time points before and after wearing glasses (Wald χtime2=10.398, 23.947; both P<0.01).In the DIMS group, after 12 months of wearing lenses, the distance horizontal eye position drifted outward by 0.68 △(95% CI: 0.06-1.25 △) compared to baseline, with a significant difference ( P<0.05).There was 1.67 △ (95% CI: 0.15-3.20 △) outward drift at near horizontal eye position in the DIMS group and 1.73 △ (95% CI: 0.49-2.96 △) outward drift in the single-vision group compared with baseline, with significant differences (both P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in gradient AC/A values and calculated AC/A values between the two groups at different time points before and after wearing glasses (Wald χtime2=22.001, 13.411; both P<0.01).After 12 months of wearing glasses, the gradient AC/A values significantly decreased in both groups compared to respective baseline, and the calculated AC/A values in the single-vision group showed a significant decrease compared to baseline (all P<0.05).There were no significant difference in the monocular accommodation amplitude, binocular accommodation sensitivity, distance and near horizontal eye position, gradient AC/A values and calculated AC/A values between the two groups (Wald χgroup2=2.385, 2.266, 2.070, 0.571, 0.578, 0.053; all P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the CS at 3, 6, 12, and 18 cpd spatial frequencies between the two groups at different time points before and after wearing lenses (Wald χ2group=1.104, 2.263, 1.861, 3.671; all P>0.05.Wald χ2time=2.260, 5.382, 2.573, 1.637; all P>0.05). Conclusions:Visual function performance after wearing DIMS lenses is consistent with that after wearing single-vision lenses.Wearing DIMS lenses has no obvious negative effect on the long-term visual quality in children.

Objectives:To assess the situation of retained cardiac implantable electronic device(CIED)leads after cardiac transplantation,the associated factors,and their impact on long-term prognosis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1 096 patients who underwent cardiac transplantation at Fuwai Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 1,2005 to January 1,2022.Among them,204 patients(18.6%)received CIED therapy before cardiac transplantation.Two physicians independently reviewed the pre-and post-transplant chest X-rays to determine the presence of retained CIED leads.Logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with retained CIED leads,and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted to analyze the impact of retained CIED leads on long-term prognosis.Results:Among the 204 patients who received CIED therapy before cardiac transplantation,the highest proportion were those treated with implantable cardioverter defibrillator(ICD)and cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator(CRT-D),accounting for 47.5%(97/204)and 40.7%(83/204),respectively.The mean duration from CIED implantation to cardiac transplantation was(45.1±40.0)months,and 38 patients(18.6%)had retained CIED leads after cardiac transplantation.The results of the logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that the duration from CIED implantation to cardiac transplantation was the only factor associated with retained CIED leads after cardiac transplantation(OR=1.020,95%CI:1.011-1.030,P=0.000).Cumulative all-cause survival rates among patients without CIED implantation(n=892),those without retained CIED leads(n=166),and those with retained CIED leads(n=38)were 88.5%,93.3%and 84.2%,respectively.Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed no significant difference in cumulative all-cause survival among the three groups(log-rank P=0.643).Conclusions:In patients who received CIED implantation before cardiac transplantation,18.6%had retained leads after surgery.The duration from CIED implantation to cardiac transplantation is the only factor associated with lead retained after cardiac transplantation,but retained leads does not affect the outcome post heart transplantation.

Objective To identify the hemodynamic characteristics of frontal polar cortex(FPC)in patients with chronic subjective tinnitus,and to study the short-term efficacy of multielement integration sound(MIS)treatment,and its effects on FPC oxyhemoglobin(HbO).Methods Fifty patients with chronic subjective tinnitus(tinnitus group)and 50 subjects without tinnitus matching their age,sex and education level(control group)were collected from June 2023 to Oc-tober 2023.The tinnitus group and control group received MIS treatment for 15 minutes,respectively.Tinnitus handicap inventory(THI)and visual analogue scale(VAS)scores were collected before and after treatment in tinnitus group.Func-tional near infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)was used to measure the 8-minute average HbO concentration in the frontal cortex of both groups before and after treatment.The changes of HbO concentration before and after treatment were compared be-tween the two groups.The correlation between clinical features and HbO was analyzed.Results The VAS score of the tin-nitus group decreased after short-term MIS treatment.The HbO concentration of FPC in tinnitus group was higher than that in control group before treatment.The HbO concentration of FPC in tinnitus group was decreased by MIS short-term treatment.The difference of HbO concentration before and after treatment(ΔHbO)was positively correlated with the difference of VAS score before and after treatment(ΔVAS)in the tinnitus group.Conclusion The hemodynamics of the frontal polar cortex in chronic subjective tinnitus patients is different from that of in non-tinnitus control group.MIS can change the hemodynamics of the frontal polar cortex in chronic subjective tinnitus patients.The frontal polar cortex may be the site of MIS.