Purpose/Significance To construct a Chinese medical knowledge Q&A corpus dataset as a standardized evaluation bench-mark for large language models(LLMs)in the medical domain,so as to improve the accuracy and efficiency of LLMs in handling Chinese medical questions.Method/Process Chinese medical paper knowledge,medical terminology explanations and supplementary questions are acquired from the Chinese medical licensing examination,and open-source Chinese medical Q&A datasets are encompassed in the developed Q&A datasets.Result/Conclusion The Chinese medical knowledge Q&A corpus datasets enrich the sources of existing datasets and promote the objective and comprehensive quantitative evaluation of large models in the medical field.In the near future,additional data such as electronic medical records and those from online health communities will be used to strengthen the support of artificial intelli-gence for the Healthy China strategy.

Objective To establish the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)chromatographic fingerprint of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix;To determine the contents of ferulic acid,nodakenin,ammijin,notopterol,isoimperatorin and volatile oil of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix from different producing areas;To provide reference for quality evaluation of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix.Methods Waters BEH C18 chromatographic column(2.1 mm×150 mm,1.7 μm)was used,with mobile phase acetonitrile-0.02%formic acid aqueous solution gradient elution,flow rate 0.25 mL/min,column temperature 25℃,detection wavelength 330 nm,injection volume 2 μL.UPLC fingerprints of 25 batches of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix were established,and the similarity analysis and chemometrics analysis were carried out.The contents of ferulic acid,nodakenin,ammijin,notopterol and isoimperatorin were determined simultaneously,and the contents of volatile oil was determined by steam distillation method.Results Totally 23 common fingerprint peaks were calibrated,11 known components were identified.According to the results of the cluster analysis and principal component analysis,25 batches of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix samples were divided into 3 categories,and the 6 potential differential components were screened out by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA).The results showed that the contents of notopterol and volatile oil from Sichuan Province were higher than those from Gansu Province and Qinghai Province.Conclusion The method established in the study is accurate and reliable,which can provide scientific basis and reference for the quality evaluation and control of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix.

Combining with molecular imaging,nuclear medicine gradually utilized radiopharmaceuticals with targeted radionuclide therapy for accurate diagnosis and individualized treatment of diseases,hence advancing the progresses of theranostics.The clinical research progresses of radiotheranostics in diagnosis and therapy of diseases were reviewed in this article.

Objective:To establish ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) characteristic chromatogram of Pulsatilla chinensis; To provide reference for the origin identification and quality control of Pulsatilla chinensis. Methods:UPLC Method was adopted. The determination was performed on a column of Agilent SB C18 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) . The mobile phase was acetonitrile-methanol (2:1) -0.1% phosphoric acid solution by fradient elution at a flow rate of 0.30ml/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃. The detection wavelength was 215 nm. The injection volume was 2 μl. The common counterfeit products and medicinal herbs of Pulsatilla chinensis from different areas were evaluated by comparison of characteristic chromatogram, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Results:There were 9 characteristic peaks in the characteristic chromatogram of Pulsatilla chinensis, and 8 common peaks were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry and comparison of reference materials. Through PCA analysis, it was possible to clearly distinguish the medicinal herbs of Pulsatilla chinensis from different areas. Combined with OPLS-DA analysis, it was found that peak 2, peak 3, peak 6 were the main markers of Pulsatilla chinensis from different producing areas. Conclusion:The established method has good specificity, repeatability and durability, and it can effectively distinguish the common counterfeits of Pulsatilla chinensis, and provide the basis of quality control and selection of origin for Pulsatilla chinensis.

Objective:To establish the ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) fingerprints of Mume flos at different flowering stages; To provide reference for the quality research of Mume flos.Methods:The fingerprints of Mume flos were established by UPLC method, and the common peaks were identified by high performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Chemometrics analysis was carried out with the fingerprints' common peak area of plum blossom at different flowering stages as a variable. Semiquantitative analysis of changes in flavonoids and phenolic acids in Mume flos at different flowering stages was conduct using peak area calculation method.Results:Totally 31 common peaks were identified in the fingerprints of plum blossom medicinal materials at different flowering stages and 9 components were identified. Clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) both classified plum blossom medicinal herbs at different flowering stages into three categories. Among them, there were significant differences between the groups at the bud stage, blooming period, and final flowering period, while the differences between the groups at blooming period and final flowering period were relatively small. The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) screened 16 different components with VIP>1.0. The contents of phenolic acids in different flowering stages were as follows: bud stage>blooming period>final flowering period, while the contents of flavonoids were as follows: blooming period>final flowering period>bud stage.Conclusions:This method is simple and reliable, and can provide reference for the quality evaluation of plum blossom medicinal materials at different flowering stages.

Objective:To translate Propensity to Achieve Healthy Lifestyle Scale (PAHLS) into Chinese and test its reliability and validity in patients with hypertension to provide the reliable assessment tool for medical staff to evaluate the propensity to achieve healthy lifestyle in hypertensive patients.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. The original scale was translated according to Brislin model. After expert correction, cultural adjustment and pre-investigation, the items for Chinese version of PAHLS were determined. From February to May 2023, 400 patients with hypertension were selected as the participants from Tianjin Hebei District Tiedong Road Street Community Healthcare Center, Tianjin Dongli District Junliang Cheng Hospital by convenience sampling method. Critical ration and correlation analysis were used for item analysis. Content validity, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to evaluate the validity of the Chinese version of PAHLS. Cronbach′s α coefficient and split-half reliability were used to evaluate the reliability of the scale. Results:A total of 400 patients were included in this study ultimately, aged (71.69 ± 7.25) years old, 177 males and 223 females. The Chinese version of the PAHLS included 6 items, and the results of item analysis showed that the content of each item was highly consistent with that of overall scale. The content validity indexes of the Chinese version of PAHLS at both the scale level and item level were 1. Only one factor was extracted based on exploratory factor analysis, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 72.24%. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit, with the fitting indexes of χ2/ df=0.53, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)<0.01, root of mean square residual (RMR)=0.02, goodness-of-fit index (GFI)=1.00, comparative fit index (CFI)=1.00, normed fit index (NFI)=1.00, adjust goodness-of-fit index (AGFI)=0.98, incremental fit index (IFI)=1.00, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI)=1.01, Convergent validity: composite reliability (CR)=0.86 and average vriance extracted (AVE)=0.53. The overall Cronbach′s α coefficient of the scale was 0.91 and Cronbach′s α coefficients of item level were from 0.87 to 0.91, with split-half reliability value of 0.89. Conclusions:The Chinese version of the PAHLS has good reliability and validity, which can be used by medical staff to evaluate the propensity to achieve healthy lifestyle in hypertensive patients under Chinese cultural background, to increase understanding of decision-making on behavioral change in hypertensive patients and promote medical staff to jointly develop behavioral change plans with hypertensive patients.

ObjectiveTo present the health status of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） constitutions more intuitively and comprehensively based on improved radar chart. MethodsParticipants who completed a 26-week comprehensive intervention based on TCM constitution from February 2013 to January 2014 in Zhuhai branch of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine were included in the study. They were divided into groups according to gender and age， i.e. young， middle-aged， and elderly male and female groups. TCM constitution scale and health survey short form （SF-36） were used to evaluate the 9 basic TCM constitution types and quality of life at three time points， including pre-intervention （T1）， at 13-week intervention （T2）， and at 26-week intervention （T3）. The improved radar charts were drawn to visually present the comprehensive evaluation results on the health status of 9 TCM constitutions， and graphic features （area S value， perimeter L value） were extracted to construct a comprehensive health index for TCM constitutions （H value）. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between H value and SF-36 total score. ResultsAmong the included 509 participants， there were 45 elderly male， 76 elderly female， 60 middle-aged male， 140 middle-aged female， 53 young male and 135 young female. The radar charts for comprehensive evaluation of TCM constitution health status showed that the total areas for all groups increased at T3 compared to T1， with the most significant increase in the young population. In the middle-aged population， the fan-shaped areas of certain constitutions decreased at T2 than T1. At T3， the radar chart shapes for females were more balanced than males in the same age group. By calculating the features of function graphs， it was found that the S， L， and H values for the elderly population were relatively higher than those for the middle-aged and young population with the same gender， and the young population increased by highest ratio. The values measured at T3 compared to T1 showed average increase of 26% for S value （11% for the middle-aged and 14% for the elderly）， 22% for L value （10% for the middle-aged and the elderly each）， and 22% for H value （10% for the middle-aged and 9% for the elderly）. The female had lower S and L values， as well as higher H value than the male of the same age group measured at T3. The correlation coefficient between the H value of all participants and the total SF-36 score was 0.662 （P＜0.01）. ConclusionThe comprehensive evaluation model for the health status of TCM constitution based on the improved radar chart constructed in this study can present the health status of TCM constitutions and intervention effectiveness more comprehensively and intuitively. It is suggested to regulate the constitution in pursuit of the dynamic balance of the constitution health status， as well as consider the parts from the whole， and put focus on the balance of nine TCM constitutions.

Objective:To study the impacts of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on perinatal outcomes and mode of delivery.Methods:From November 2016 to December 2017, single-pregnancy women in early pregnancy (<13 weeks) regularly checked-up at our hospital were enrolled in this prospective cohort study and followed up until delivery. They were assigned into four groups according to pre-pregnancy BMI: obese group (≥28.0 kg/m 2), overweight group(24.0-<28.0 kg/m 2), normal group (18.5-<24.0 kg/m 2) and underweight group(<18.5 kg/m 2). A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy to screen for GDM. The optimal GWG was 11.0-16.0 kg for underweight group, 8.0-14.0 kg for normal group, 7.0-11.0 kg for overweight group and 5.0-9.0 kg for obesity group. The effects of pre-pregnancy BMI, GDM and GWG on perinatal outcomes and delivery mode were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression methods. Results:A total of 802 pregnant women were included. The incidences of pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity were 21.8% and 8.9%, respectively. The incidence of GDM was 14.1%. 57.2% of the participants experienced excessive GWG. The incidences of macrosomia, low birth weight and premature birth were 7.1%, 2.7% and 2.2%, respectively. The incidence of Cesarean delivery (C-section) was 37.7%. Pre-pregnancy obesity [adjusted odds ratio ( AOR)=4.355, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.900-9.980] and excessive GWG ( AOR=3.799, 95% CI 1.796-8.034) were independent risk factors for macrosomia. Excessive GWG was a protective factor for low birth weight ( AOR=0.279, 95% CI 0.084-0.928) and inadequate GWG was a risk factor for low birth weight ( AOR=10.954, 95% CI 3.594-33.382) and premature birth ( AOR=8.796, 95% CI 2.628-29.438). Compared with the normal group, overweight group had an increased risk of C-section ( AOR=1.817, 95% CI 1.119-2.949). Compared with pregnant women without pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, GDM nor excessive GWG, any combination of two of the above-mentioned three factors increased the risks of macrosomia ( AOR=3.908, 95% CI 1.630-9.370) and C-section ( AOR=2.269, 95% CI 1.325-3.886). The risks of macrosomia and C-section were the highest when all three factors existed. Conclusions:Pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive GWG are independent risk factors for macrosomia and pre-pregnancy overweight is a risk factor of C-section. Exposure to any two of the three factors (pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, GDM and excessive GWG) increases risks of macrosomia and C-section and the highest risk is observed when all three factors are present.

Objective:To investigate the differential diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma (MM) and unknown osteolytic metastasis (UOM). Methods:A retrospective study was performed on 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging of 43 patients (29 males, 14 females, age: (61.5±12.9) years) with multiple bone destructions and without extraosseous primary malignant tumor between June 2017 and March 2020 in Tenth People′s Hospital of Tongji University. Through follow-up, 20 patients (13 males, 7 females, age: (61.1±12.2) years) were pathologically confirmed as MM and 23 patients (16 males, 7 females, age: (61.4±13.9) years) were pathologically confirmed as UOM. The whole body skeleton was categorized to 8 sites including skull, spine, ribs, pelvis, sternum, clavicle, scapula and limb bone. The differences of the cross-sectional length of the lesion, cortical bone damage, SUV max and the distribution of imaging agent were compared between the two groups in different parts. Independent-sample t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze data. Results:The UOM group was invisible on clavicles, and spine and pelvis were the most predilection sites in both MM and UOM groups (spine: 41.30%(299/724) and 49.37%(117/237); pelvis: 24.45%(177/724) and 26.58%(63/237)). The cross-sectional length of lesions in the skull, spine, ribs, pelvis and limb bone in MM group were significantly shorter than those in UOM group (5.45(4.30, 8.06) vs (13.89±11.66) mm, 6.15(3.89, 10.06) vs 11.48(7.73, 16.90) mm, 7.01(4.59, 10.56) vs (24.61±16.22) mm, 8.20(5.14, 13.71) vs (21.12±13.31) mm, (8.48±5.75) vs (19.13±14.26) mm; z values: from -8.88 to -2.52, t=-2.76, P<0.001 or P<0.05) and SUV max of above lesions and scapula in MM group were significantly lower than those in UOM group (1.50(1.00, 2.20) vs 17.15±11.40, 2.60(2.00, 4.10) vs 8.20(5.65, 11.90), 2.30(1.40, 5.28) vs 10.58±5.52, 2.50(1.80, 3.90) vs 9.34±6.01, 3.08±2.41 vs 11.38±6.38, 2.45(1.50, 4.43) vs 6.90(4.63, 17.80); z values: from -13.87 to -2.41, t=-4.85, P<0.001 or P<0.05). The imaging agents in lesions on the skull, spine, ribs, pelvis, scapula and limb bone were more evenly distributed in MM group, while the imaging agents in lesions were more unevenly distributed in UOM group. On the skull, spine and ribs sites, the MM group was more likely to show no cortical bone damage; however, the UOM group showed cortical bone damage in the above sites. Conclusion:It is helpful for doctors to distinguish MM and UOM by comparing the cross-sectional length of the lesion, cortical bone damage, SUV max and the distribution of imaging agent in 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging before getting pathologic results.

Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is closely associated with the decline of cognitive function in the elderly, which can lead to persistent or progressive cognitive function and neurological dysfunction. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is considered to be an intervenable disease. Studies have shown that CAS is one of the main causes of VCI. Further study on the relationship between CAS and VCI will help to better prevention and treatment of VCI.