The central amygdala (CeA) is a crucial modulator of emotional, behavioral, and autonomic functions, including cardiovascular responses. Despite its importance, the specific circuit by which the CeA modulates blood pressure remains insufficiently explored. Our investigations demonstrate that photostimulation of GABAergic neurons in the centromedial amygdala (CeM^GABA), as opposed to those in the centrolateral amygdala (CeL), produces a depressor response in both anesthetized and freely-moving mice. In addition, activation of CeM^GABA axonal terminals projecting to the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) significantly reduces blood pressure. These CeM^GABA neurons form synaptic connections with NTS neurons, allowing for the modulation of cardiovascular responses by influencing the caudal or rostral ventrolateral medulla. Furthermore, CeM^GABA neurons targeting the NTS receive dense inputs from the CeL. Consequently, stimulation of CeM^GABA neurons elicits hypotension through the CeM-NTS circuit, offering deeper insights into the cardiovascular responses associated with emotions and behaviors.
Animals ; GABAergic Neurons/physiology* ; Male ; Central Amygdaloid Nucleus/physiopathology* ; Hypotension/physiopathology* ; Mice ; Blood Pressure/physiology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Solitary Nucleus/physiology* ; Photic Stimulation ; Neural Pathways/physiology*

Objective To include patients with clinical data matched by propensity scores and to explore the value of 18F-fluorode-oxyglucose(18F-FDG)PET/CT metabolic parameters and radiomics in differentiating benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nod-ule(SPN).Methods A total of 54 patients with SPN(27 benign and 27 malignant)were retrospectively selected,all of them under-went 18F-FDG PET/CT scans.Then the metabolic parameters were analyzed,and the metabolic parameters model was established.After delineating the lesion,imaging features were selected through variance and correlation analysis.The logistic regression was used to build the model,and balance accuracy(bACC)was used to compare the performance of the models.The correlation between meta-bolic parameters and radiomics features was analyzed.Results The maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax),total lesion uptake(TLU),and coefficient of variation(COV)of malignant were higher than those of benign(P＜0.05).SUVmax and COV had positive predictive value for malignant lesions[odds ratio(OR)＞1,P＜0.05].There was no statistical difference between the performance of the metabolic parameters model and the radiomics model(P＞0.05).There was a strong correlation between radiomics features and metabolic parameters.Conclusion After propensity score matching,metabolic parameters and radiomics show no statistical difference in differentiating benign from malignant SPN.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of non-ablative vaginal erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Er:YAG)laser therapy in improving symptoms in women with mild-to-moderate stress urinary incontinence(SUI).Methods A prospective,multicenter,randomized controlled trial was conducted.A total of 126 female SUI patients were enrolled and randomized in a 2∶1 ratio to the treatment group(n=84,receiving Er:YAG laser therapy)and the sham control group(n=42,undergoing non-energized laser device with shielded beam).Efficacy outcomes were compared between the two groups,including the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form(ICI-Q-SF)scores at baseline and 1,3,6 months after treatment,response rate 3 month after treatment,urine leakage volume,daily incontinence episodes and visual analog scale(VAS).Results One month and 3 months after treatment,the ICI-Q-SF scores in the treatment group(8.07±3.33 and 7.04±3.04,respectively)were significantly lower than those in the control group(9.57±4.03 and 9.65±3.27,respectively;both P＜0.05).The 3-month response rate was significantly higher in the treatment group(71.43％)compared to the control group(35.71％,P＜0.05).Improvements in urine leakage volume 1 and 3 months after treatment were significantly greater in the treatment group versus the control group(both P＜0.05).A statistically significant reduction in daily incontinence episodes was observed in the treatment group 1 month after treatment compared to the control group[2(0,5)times vs.4(2,8)times,P＜0.05].VAS score in the treatment group markedly decreased 1 month after treatment,comparable to the level observed in the control group[0(0,2.45)vs.0(0,0),P＜0.05].Conclusion Non-ablative vaginal Er:YAG laser therapy significantly alleviates symptoms in women with mild-to-moderate SUI and represents a viable treatment option for this condition.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Si Junzitang in treating liver injury in rats with spleen Qi deficiency syndrome based on transcriptomics and to experimentally verify its effects. MethodsSixty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， low-dose Si Junzitang （6 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， medium-dose Si Junzitang group （12 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， high-dose Si Junzitang group （24 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and natural recovery group， with 10 rats in each group. A composite multifactorial modeling method （forced swimming + intragastric administration of Xiao Chengqitang + irregular diet） was used to establish a spleen Qi deficiency model. After 30 days of continuous intervention， body weight and 3-hour food intake were measured， and macroscopic symptom scores for spleen Qi deficiency syndrome were evaluated. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） in each group were detected， and hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining was used to observe histopathological changes in liver tissue. Transcriptome sequencing （RNA-Seq） was used to identify differentially expressed genes （DEGs） among the blank， model， and high-dose Si Junzitang groups. Gene ontology（GO） and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genome（KEGG） enrichment analyses were performed on the DEGs. Immunofluorescence （IF） and Western blot were used to detect NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein （ASC）， Caspase-1， and the N-terminal domain of gasdermin D （GSDMD-N）. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to detect the expression of downstream inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interleukin-18 （IL-18）. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed significantly reduced body weight and 3-hour food intake， significantly increased macroscopic symptom scores， and elevated serum AST and ALT levels （P<0.01）， with mild inflammatory liver injury observed histologically. Compared with the model group， Si Junzitang at all doses significantly improved these parameters and alleviated liver injury in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.05，P<0.01）. RNA-Seq analysis revealed 1 254 DEGs between the blank and model groups， and 842 DEGs between the model and high-dose Si Junzitang groups. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway was activated in liver injury associated with spleen Qi deficiency， suggesting that the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a key target. Results from IF， IHC， and Westernblot showed that compared with the blank group， the expression of NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1， GSDMD-N， and the downstream inflammatory cytokines IL-1β， IL-6， and IL-18 were significantly increased in the model group （P<0.01）， while these levels were markedly decreased in the high-dose Si Junzitang group （P<0.01）. ConclusionSi Junzitang effectively improves mild inflammatory liver injury in rats with spleen Qi deficiency syndrome in a dose-dependent manner. Its mechanism may be associated with inhibition of the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 signaling pathway， downregulation of the pyroptosis executioner protein GSDMD-N， and reduction of pyroptosis-related inflammatory cytokine release.

Objective To explore the publication trends and future directions in the field of value of MRI for diagnosing uterine fibroids using bibliometrics.Methods Literature related to diagnostic value of MRI for uterine fibroids in CNKI,Wanfang Med Online,SinoMed and WOSCC databases from 2006 to 2024 were retrieved,and 460 Chinese and 166 English articles were included.A bibliometric analysis was conducted to examine annual publication volume,country/region collaborations,journal distribution,core authors,highly cited literatures and keywords related to MRI for diagnosing uterine fibroids.Results From 2006 to 2024,the number of publications showed a fluctuating upward trend,with Chinese literature dominating.Authors from United States led research in this field and had the closest collaboration with those from France.Chinese and English articles were published in 221 and 81 journals,respectively,with several journals demonstrating significant influence.Highly cited articles mainly focused on differential diagnosis in early publications.Keywords analysis indicated that Chinese studies emphasized diagnosis and pathological typing,while English studies were more concerned with technical comparisons and accuracy assessment.Since 2020,research focus shifted toward image analysis technology and MRI-guided therapy.Conclusion The research on value of MRI for diagnosing uterine fibroids has been continuously developing.In the future,application of new technologies could be further explored,and multi-center cooperation and clinical transformation should be strengthened to promote the development and innovation in this field.

Objective:To explore the relationship between depressive symptoms and stressors among post-graduates and the role of coping styles and psychological suzhi between them.Methods:A total of 775 postgradu-ates were recruited.They were assessed with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),Psychological Stressors Scale of Postgraduates(PSSP),Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ),and Col-lege Students Psychological Suzhi Brief Mental Health Version(CSPS-B-MH).Results:The detection rate of de-pression among postgraduates was 52.0％.Postgraduate stressors were positively associated with depression(β=0.47).Coping styles played a partial mediating role in the relationship between stressors and depression in postgrad-uates,with the mediation effect accounting for 24.76％of the total effect.Psychological suzhi was shown to moder-ate the effect of stressors on depression(β=-0.07)and positive coping on depression(β=-0.05).Conclusion:Postgraduate stressors could affect depression through the mediating role of coping styles and the moderating role of psychological suzhi.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of non-ablative vaginal erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Er:YAG)laser therapy in improving symptoms in women with mild-to-moderate stress urinary incontinence(SUI).Methods A prospective,multicenter,randomized controlled trial was conducted.A total of 126 female SUI patients were enrolled and randomized in a 2∶1 ratio to the treatment group(n=84,receiving Er:YAG laser therapy)and the sham control group(n=42,undergoing non-energized laser device with shielded beam).Efficacy outcomes were compared between the two groups,including the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form(ICI-Q-SF)scores at baseline and 1,3,6 months after treatment,response rate 3 month after treatment,urine leakage volume,daily incontinence episodes and visual analog scale(VAS).Results One month and 3 months after treatment,the ICI-Q-SF scores in the treatment group(8.07±3.33 and 7.04±3.04,respectively)were significantly lower than those in the control group(9.57±4.03 and 9.65±3.27,respectively;both P＜0.05).The 3-month response rate was significantly higher in the treatment group(71.43％)compared to the control group(35.71％,P＜0.05).Improvements in urine leakage volume 1 and 3 months after treatment were significantly greater in the treatment group versus the control group(both P＜0.05).A statistically significant reduction in daily incontinence episodes was observed in the treatment group 1 month after treatment compared to the control group[2(0,5)times vs.4(2,8)times,P＜0.05].VAS score in the treatment group markedly decreased 1 month after treatment,comparable to the level observed in the control group[0(0,2.45)vs.0(0,0),P＜0.05].Conclusion Non-ablative vaginal Er:YAG laser therapy significantly alleviates symptoms in women with mild-to-moderate SUI and represents a viable treatment option for this condition.

Objective:To investigate the combined application of cytology, cell block histology and immunohistochemistry to improve the diagnostic accuracy of solid pancreatic lesions in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) samples.Methods:The pathological data of EUS-FNA in 311 cases of solid pancreatic lesions submitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China from May 2019 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The cases included pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC, 172 cases), solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN, 12 cases), neuroendocrine tumors (PNET, 14 cases) and chronic pancreatitis (113 cases). The cytological features of smears, the histology of cell block sections and the diagnostic markers in PDAC, SPN and PNET were analyzed. The diagnostic accuracies of cytology, cell block histology/immunohistochemistry and combination of the two methods for classifying these pancreatic solid lesions were evaluated.Results:Irregular arrangement of atypical (cancer) cells, anisonucleosis and nuclear atypia were the typical cytological features of PDAC, while presence of pseudopapillae with a myxoid/hyalinized fibrovascular core and low adhesion/salt-and-pepper chromatin were diagnostic features of SPN and NET, respectively. Immunohistochemical results showed that CK7 and CK19 were the most sensitive markers of pancreatic ductal epithelia, and the diffuse strong expression of S-100P (102/111, 91.9%) and aberrant expression of p53 (80/111, 72.1%) were important immunophenotypic markers of PDAC. Various degrees of CDX2 expression could be found in 66.4% PDAC. The expression of CD10, PR, vimentin, CD99 and cyclinD1 and the aberrant expression of β-catenin were the immunophenotypic features of SPN, while the expression of CgA, Syn and CD56 were indispensable immunemarkers for the diagnosis of PNET. Overall, cytology had higher sensitivity than cell block histology (93.9% versus 82.8%) and lower specificity (92.9% versus 99.1%), while the combination of the two methods significantly improved the sensitivity to 96.9% in solid pancreatic lesions. The combination of cytology and cell block histology could significantly improve the diagnostic efficacy of EUS-FNA in PDAC.Conclusions:Integrated diagnosis based on cytology (including rapid on-site evaluation), cell block histology and immunohistochemical findings could significantly improve the diagnostic yield of EUS-FNA in classifying solid pancreatic lesions.

Objective To explore the publication trends and future directions in the field of value of MRI for diagnosing uterine fibroids using bibliometrics.Methods Literature related to diagnostic value of MRI for uterine fibroids in CNKI,Wanfang Med Online,SinoMed and WOSCC databases from 2006 to 2024 were retrieved,and 460 Chinese and 166 English articles were included.A bibliometric analysis was conducted to examine annual publication volume,country/region collaborations,journal distribution,core authors,highly cited literatures and keywords related to MRI for diagnosing uterine fibroids.Results From 2006 to 2024,the number of publications showed a fluctuating upward trend,with Chinese literature dominating.Authors from United States led research in this field and had the closest collaboration with those from France.Chinese and English articles were published in 221 and 81 journals,respectively,with several journals demonstrating significant influence.Highly cited articles mainly focused on differential diagnosis in early publications.Keywords analysis indicated that Chinese studies emphasized diagnosis and pathological typing,while English studies were more concerned with technical comparisons and accuracy assessment.Since 2020,research focus shifted toward image analysis technology and MRI-guided therapy.Conclusion The research on value of MRI for diagnosing uterine fibroids has been continuously developing.In the future,application of new technologies could be further explored,and multi-center cooperation and clinical transformation should be strengthened to promote the development and innovation in this field.

Objective:To explore the relationship between depressive symptoms and stressors among post-graduates and the role of coping styles and psychological suzhi between them.Methods:A total of 775 postgradu-ates were recruited.They were assessed with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),Psychological Stressors Scale of Postgraduates(PSSP),Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ),and Col-lege Students Psychological Suzhi Brief Mental Health Version(CSPS-B-MH).Results:The detection rate of de-pression among postgraduates was 52.0％.Postgraduate stressors were positively associated with depression(β=0.47).Coping styles played a partial mediating role in the relationship between stressors and depression in postgrad-uates,with the mediation effect accounting for 24.76％of the total effect.Psychological suzhi was shown to moder-ate the effect of stressors on depression(β=-0.07)and positive coping on depression(β=-0.05).Conclusion:Postgraduate stressors could affect depression through the mediating role of coping styles and the moderating role of psychological suzhi.