ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Tianma Goutengyin on the tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）/α1-antichymotrypsin C-terminal tail fragment （α1ACT） signaling pathway and A1-type astrocytes in a rat model of vascular dementia. MethodsSeventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups （n=12 per group）： Sham-operated group， model group， Tianma Goutengyin high-， medium-， and low-dose groups （5.13， 10.26， and 20.52 g·kg^-1）， and a nimodipine group （8.1 mg·kg^-1）. The vascular dementia model was established by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion， followed by 4 weeks of intervention. Learning and memory ability were evaluated using the novel object recognition test， and behavioral performance was assessed using the forced swimming test. Levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 （CCL2） in hippocampal tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Hippocampal neuronal morphology was observed by Nissl staining， and apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL）. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect positive expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）， and myelin basic protein （MBP）. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the protein expression levels of TNF-α， TNF receptor 1 （TNFR1）， phosphorylated STAT3 （p-STAT3）， α1ACT， IL-6， complement component 3 （C3）， BDNF， S100 calcium-binding protein A10 （S100A10）， and GFAP in hippocampal tissue. ResultsCompared with the sham-operated group， the model group showed a significantly reduced relative recognition index in the novel object recognition test （P<0.01）， prolonged immobility time and increased immobility frequency in the forced swimming test （P<0.01）. Hippocampal IL-6 and CCL2 levels were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Nissl staining revealed a marked reduction in neuronal number and loss of Nissl bodies （P<0.01）. MBP-positive expression was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， apoptosis was significantly increased （P<0.01）， BDNF-positive expression was significantly reduced （P<0.05）， and GFAP-positive expression was significantly increased （P<0.01）. In addition， the protein expression levels of TNF-α， TNFR1， p-STAT3， α1ACT， IL-6， and C3 were significantly elevated （P<0.01）， while BDNF and S100A10 expression levels were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， all Tianma Gouteng yin dose groups exhibited a significant increase in the relative recognition index （P<0.05）， shortened immobility time and reduced immobility frequency （P<0.05， P<0.01）. IL-6 and CCL2 levels were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， neuronal number was significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and MBP-positive expression was significantly enhanced （P<0.01）. Apoptosis was significantly reduced （P<0.01）， BDNF-positive expression was significantly increased （P<0.05）， and GFAP-positive expression was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Moreover， the protein expression levels of TNF-α， TNFR1， p-STAT3， α1ACT， IL-6， and C3 were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， while BDNF and S100A10 protein expression levels were significantly increased （P<0.01）. ConclusionTianma Goutengyin may inhibit A1-type astrocyte activation in rats with vascular dementia through the TNF-α/STAT3/α1ACT signaling pathway， thereby reducing neuronal apoptosis and improving learning and memory function.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease characterized by clonal plasma cell proliferation, with metabolic reprogramming. Abnormal metabolism of amino acids, glucose, lipids and nucleotides plays a crucial role in various pathological processes in MM, such as proliferation, metastasis, immune escaping and drug resistance. This review summarized the application of metabolomics technology in identifying biomarkers for MM and targeting related metabolic pathways. The objective is to guide further investigations into the metabolic mechanisms underlying MM and encourage innovation in clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies for this disease.

Objective:To understand the negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody in follow-up in 0-18 months-old children born to pregnant women with syphilis in China in 2021 and analyze the related factors.Methods:The basic information of pregnant women with syphilis and follow-up information of their children in 2021 were extracted from the National Management Information System for the Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis and Hepatitis B. The logistic regression model was used to analyze related factors of negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody.Results:In 2021, a total of 34 201 children was delivered by syphilis-infected pregnant women, and 23 592 (68.98%) children were included in this study. Negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody occurred in 21 076 (89.34%) children, but not in 2 516 (10.66%) children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified several factors associated with a higher probability of the negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody: prophylactic benzathine penicillin injection at birth (a OR=1.35,95% CI:1.10-1.65), mother's age 26-30 years (a OR=1.22,95% CI:1.01-1.46), 36-40 years (a OR=1.34, 95% CI:1.09-1.64), other ethnic groups (a OR=1.19,95% CI:1.04-1.36), non-syphilis-specific antibody titers less than 1∶8 during pregnancy (a OR=1.56,95% CI:1.37-1.78), penicillin treatment (a OR=1.56,95% CI:1.23-1.98) and standardized treatment (a OR=1.21,95% CI:1.11-1.32). Conclusions:In 2021,the level of syphilitic-specific antibody negative conversion in follow-up in children born to pregnant women with syphilis was high in China. According to the factors associated with syphilis-specific antibody negative conversion, it is necessary to develop the follow-up strategies for the children born to pregnant women.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease characterized by clonal plasma cell proliferation, with metabolic reprogramming. Abnormal metabolism of amino acids, glucose, lipids and nucleotides plays a crucial role in various pathological processes in MM, such as proliferation, metastasis, immune escaping and drug resistance. This review summarized the application of metabolomics technology in identifying biomarkers for MM and targeting related metabolic pathways. The objective is to guide further investigations into the metabolic mechanisms underlying MM and encourage innovation in clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies for this disease.

Objective To explore the value of preoperative amide proton transfer(APT)imaging combined with diffusion kurtosis imaging(DKI)in predicting lymphovascular space invasion(LVSI)in cervical cancer.Methods Fifty-one patients with cervical cancer who underwent preoperative MRI examination and had complete postoperative pathology were retrospectively selected.Pelvic MRI scans were performed 1-2 weeks preoperatively,and the corresponding APT values,mean kurtosis(MK)and mean diffusivity(MD)values were obtained respectively,and the occurrence of LVSI was determined based on postoperative pathology results.The predictive effects of APT-and DKI-derived parameters alone or in combination on the LVSI status of cervical cancer were compared.Results Among 51 cases of cervical cancer,36 cases had pathologically confirmed LVSI and 15 cases did not had LVSI.The area under the curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve for the preoperative APT values,MK and MD values alone and in combination to predict the LVSI status of cervical cancer were 0.820,0.788,0.762,0.894,0.885,and 0.896,respectively.APT values combined with DKI-derived parameters predicted LVSI better than when they were used separately,in which APT values combined with MK and MD values predicted LVSI of cervical cancer with the largest AUC,sensitivity of 91.7％,specificity of 80.0％,and Youden's index of 0.717.Conclusion Preoperative APT imaging and DKI have important value in predicting LVSI of cervical cancer,and the combined application of the two can improve the prediction efficacy,which has certain clinical application value.

Objective To analyze the economic cost of self-monitoring of gestational diabetes mellitus, and provide a basis for measuring the economic burden of gestational diabetes mellitus, and to provide a reference for the formulation of intervention development and the adjustment of resource allocation. Methods The individual economic cost of self-monitoring for gestational diabetes mellitus was measured based on a decision tree model, and the total economic cost of self-monitoring for gestational diabetes mellitus in Beijing was estimated. The uncertainty of the model parameters was analyzed using one-way sensitivity analysis. Results The average individual economic cost of gestational diabetes self-monitoring was 1184 RMB, and the individual cost incurred by choosing different types of blood glucose meters ranged from 403 to 18 000 RMB. The average individual economic cost of finger-stick blood glucose monitoring was 606 RMB and the average individual economic cost of continuous glucose monitoring was 2 374 RMB. The total economic cost of gestational diabetes self-monitoring in Beijing was 23.818 0 million RMB, and the total economic cost incurred by choosing different types of blood glucose meters ranged from 0.292 5 to 9.027 9 million RMB. The proportion of the finger-stick blood glucose monitoring had the greatest impact on the robustness of the results. Conclusion Finger-stick blood glucose monitoring is still the dominant self-monitoring method and is less costly than continuous glucose monitoring. Self-monitoring of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus incurs certain economic cost and causes an economic burden on society.

Objective:To understand the negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody in follow-up in 0-18 months-old children born to pregnant women with syphilis in China in 2021 and analyze the related factors.Methods:The basic information of pregnant women with syphilis and follow-up information of their children in 2021 were extracted from the National Management Information System for the Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis and Hepatitis B. The logistic regression model was used to analyze related factors of negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody.Results:In 2021, a total of 34 201 children was delivered by syphilis-infected pregnant women, and 23 592 (68.98%) children were included in this study. Negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody occurred in 21 076 (89.34%) children, but not in 2 516 (10.66%) children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified several factors associated with a higher probability of the negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody: prophylactic benzathine penicillin injection at birth (a OR=1.35,95% CI:1.10-1.65), mother's age 26-30 years (a OR=1.22,95% CI:1.01-1.46), 36-40 years (a OR=1.34, 95% CI:1.09-1.64), other ethnic groups (a OR=1.19,95% CI:1.04-1.36), non-syphilis-specific antibody titers less than 1∶8 during pregnancy (a OR=1.56,95% CI:1.37-1.78), penicillin treatment (a OR=1.56,95% CI:1.23-1.98) and standardized treatment (a OR=1.21,95% CI:1.11-1.32). Conclusions:In 2021,the level of syphilitic-specific antibody negative conversion in follow-up in children born to pregnant women with syphilis was high in China. According to the factors associated with syphilis-specific antibody negative conversion, it is necessary to develop the follow-up strategies for the children born to pregnant women.

Objective To explore the value of preoperative amide proton transfer(APT)imaging combined with diffusion kurtosis imaging(DKI)in predicting lymphovascular space invasion(LVSI)in cervical cancer.Methods Fifty-one patients with cervical cancer who underwent preoperative MRI examination and had complete postoperative pathology were retrospectively selected.Pelvic MRI scans were performed 1-2 weeks preoperatively,and the corresponding APT values,mean kurtosis(MK)and mean diffusivity(MD)values were obtained respectively,and the occurrence of LVSI was determined based on postoperative pathology results.The predictive effects of APT-and DKI-derived parameters alone or in combination on the LVSI status of cervical cancer were compared.Results Among 51 cases of cervical cancer,36 cases had pathologically confirmed LVSI and 15 cases did not had LVSI.The area under the curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve for the preoperative APT values,MK and MD values alone and in combination to predict the LVSI status of cervical cancer were 0.820,0.788,0.762,0.894,0.885,and 0.896,respectively.APT values combined with DKI-derived parameters predicted LVSI better than when they were used separately,in which APT values combined with MK and MD values predicted LVSI of cervical cancer with the largest AUC,sensitivity of 91.7％,specificity of 80.0％,and Youden's index of 0.717.Conclusion Preoperative APT imaging and DKI have important value in predicting LVSI of cervical cancer,and the combined application of the two can improve the prediction efficacy,which has certain clinical application value.

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)in the evaluation of psoriasis patients.Methods:Peripheral blood(2 ml)of 63 patients with psoriasis and 27 healthy controls were collected,neutrophils were isolated by density gradient method,and the formation of NETs was observed by immunofluorescence staining.Calculated the pro-portion and fluorescence intensity of NETs,and analyzed their correlation with clinical classification,severity and serological indica-tors.Skin lesions of 5 patients with psoriasis were collected,and the NETs were observed by immunofluorescence method.Results:Proportion and fluorescence intensity of spontaneous NETs in patients with psoriasis were significantly higher than those in healthy con-trols,and were positively correlated with the PASI scores.Production of NETs in psoriasis patients with metabolic abnormalities or TNF-α abnormalities was higher than that in psoriasis patients without metabolic abnormalities or TNF-α normalcy.Expressions of NETs in psoriatic lesions were increased.Conclusion:Levels of NETs are correlated with disease severity of psoriasis and patients with metabolic abnormalities,and may be used as a clinical indicator to reflect the inflammatory state of psoriasis and metabolic comor-bidity of psoriasis for disease evaluation.

Objective: To describe the association of different sleep characteristics and cardiometabolic risk among college students, so as to provide reference for health promotion of college students. Methods: By random cluster sampling method, a questionnaire survey and physical examination including blood pressure, waist circumference and blood lipid indicators, which were conducted in April and May of 2019 among a total of 1 179 college students from the first grade in two universities in Hefei City of Anhui Province and Shangrao City of Jiangxi Province. A total of 729 college students with valid questionnaires were included into analysis. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to investigate sleep behavior, and the Morning And Evening Questionnaire-5 (MEQ-5) was used to investigate sleep characteristics. The cardiometabolic risk score was derived using the sum of the standardized sex specific Z scores of waist circumference, mean arterial pressure, HDL cholesterol (multiplied by -1), triglycerides, and insulin resistance index. The rank sum tests were used to compare differences in cardiometabolic risk scores across demographic characteristics. Generalized linear models were used to compare the association of different sleep characteristics with cardiometabolic risk scores among college students. Results: The average cardiovascular metabolic risk score of college students was -0.32(-2.03, 1.58). There were statistically significant differences in cardiovascular metabolic risk scores among college students in variables such as smoking, health status, and physical activity levels ( t/F=-3.41, 12.88, 51.07, P <0.01). The results of the generalized linear model showed that nighttime preference ( B=1.89, 95%CI =1.02-3.49), insomnia symptoms ( B=3.25, 95%CI =1.79-5.90), and short or long sleep duration ( B=1.92, 95%CI =1.21-3.05) were positively correlated with the cardiovascular metabolic risk score of college students ( P <0.05). Conclusions Poor sleep patterns among college students are positively correlated with the risk of cardiovascular metabolism. The sleep behavior of college students should be actively changed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.