Objective:To analyze the clinical features, imaging features and diagnosis and treatment process of a female pelvic epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) with peritoneal metastasis, so as to improve the clinical understanding and diagnostic ability of the disease and avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.Methods:The clinical data of a female patient with pelvic EIMS combined with peritoneal metastasis in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The triad examination of the patient involved an irregular solid mass in the pelvic cavity about 8.0 cm×9.0 cm in size. Laboratory examination revealed human epididymal protein 4(HE4)154.00 pmol/L. The ultrasonography showed multiple low-echo masses in deep pelvic cavity with unclear boundary and uneven internal echo, and color doppler flow imaging (CDFI) showed abundant internal blood flow signals. Enhanced CT showed uneven and obvious enhancement of the lesion. Pathological examination showed the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the mucous interstitial background. The tumor cells were round and epithelioid, with large nuclei, deep staining and obvious nucleolus. Immunohistochemistry showed anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive, and molecular pathology fluorescence in situ hybridization showed ALK gene amplification (positive). Combined with pathological, immunohistochemical and genetic tests, EIMS was diagnosed. Conclusions:EIMS should be considered when there are single or multiple solid or cystic nodules or masses in the pelvic cavity with obvious enhancement, invasive growth and peritoneal implantation metastasis, and the correct diagnosis can be made according to the pathological findings, immunohistochemistry and genetic test results.

Objective:To investigate abnormal blood lipids of military flying personnel and related contributors in order to provide data for health support to military flying personnel.Methods:The physical examination data of 358 military flying personnel between November 2022 and April 2023 was retrospectively analyzed. The flying personnel were divided into 3 groups by age (20-≤29 years, 30-≤39 years and ≥40 years), 3 groups by aircraft types (helicopters, fighters and trainers), 2 groups by flying hours (≤2 000 h and >2 000 h) and 2 groups by body mass index (<24.0 kg/m 2 and ≥24.0 kg/m 2). The blood lipid abnormalities of these military flying personnel were compared across groups. Results:There was a significant difference in levels of total cholesterol ( F=3.77, P=0.024), triglyceride ( H=12.10, P=0.002) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( F=5.61, P=0.004) across age groups, but there was no significant difference in levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between military flying personnel working for different types of aircraft (all P>0.05). Levels of total cholesterol ( F=8.69, P=0.003), triglyceride ( Z=2.57, P=0.010) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( F=10.61, P=0.001) in the >2 000 h group were significantly higher than those in the ≤2 000 h group. There was no significant difference in levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between groups of different flying hours ( P>0.05). The levels of total cholesterol ( F=10.39, P=0.002), triglyceride ( Z=4.05, P<0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( F=12.73, P<0.001) in the body mass index ≥24 kg/m 2 group were significantly higher than those in the body mass index <24 kg/m 2 group. There was no significant difference in levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol between different body mass index groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:There were differences in the blood lipid abnormality among military flying personnel with different ages, flying hours and body mass index. It is critical to better manage the blood lipid indicators of flying personnel, provide early intervention and treatment, improve the rate of normal blood lipids, and ensure the health of flying personnel.

BACKGROUND:Finite element analysis is an advanced computer-based engineering technique that uses mathematical approximations to simulate the human body.This method accurately reflects the biomechanical characteristics within the knee,providing a powerful tool for understanding knee disease pathogenesis,optimizing surgical protocols,and developing new implant materials.OBJECTIVE:To review the establishment of finite element modelling of the knee joint and its application in the study of knee joint diseases,and look forward to the future development trend.METHODS:The first author searched the PubMed and EI databases in April 2024 by applying a computer with English search terms"finite element analysis,FEA,knee joint,finite element model,knee biomechanics,knee osteoarthritis,knee prosthesis,knee ligaments,meniscus"and searched CNKI and WanFang databases with Chinese search terms"finite element analysis,finite element model,knee joint,biomechanics,osteoarthritis,computational model,knee prosthesis,knee ligament,meniscus."Finally,75 papers were included in the analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Finite element analysis method uses medical imaging data to obtain a three-dimensional human model,simplifies the complex human joint structure into finite and interconnected units,and visually displays the internal stress distribution of the knee joint by applying external loads to the model.(2)The researchers deeply study the internal stress and strain distribution of the knee joint under different working conditions by means of finite element analysis,revealing the overloading of the articular cartilage and the decrease of load in some areas when the balance of the internal load distribution of the knee joint is changed,and that such long-term abnormal stresses cause deformation,wear and tear,and eventual loss of cartilage,which is crucial for understanding how biomechanical factors cause degenerative changes of the knee joint.(3)The effect of physical therapy methods such as Tai Chi and gait adjustment in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint was evaluated by finite element analysis,and the results showed that these treatments reduced the overloading of the cartilage,which provided a scientific theoretical basis for clinical treatment.(4)Clinicians are able to optimize surgical treatment strategies by performing three-dimensional reconstruction,data measurement,and simulation of surgery before surgery through finite element analysis.Furthermore,the mechanical characteristics of different prostheses can be simulated to improve the shape,material,and fixation of the prostheses,reduce patient complications,and improve patient outcomes.(5)The combination of artificial intelligence and finite element analysis makes the construction of finite element models more accurate and easy to operate,greatly contributing to the efficiency of clinicians'medical practice and patient outcomes.(6)Finite element analysis is only a digital simulation,which is still somewhat different from the real physical state.

INTRODUCTION: Lecanemab has shown promise in treating early Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its safety and efficacy in Chinese populations remain unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and 6-month clinical outcomes of lecanemab in Chinese patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild AD. METHODS: In this single-arm, real-world study, participants with MCI due to AD or mild AD received biweekly intravenous lecanemab (10 mg/kg). The study was conducted at Hainan Branch, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Patient enrollment and baseline assessments commenced in November 2023. Safety assessments included monitoring for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) and other adverse events. Clinical and biomarker changes from baseline to 6 months were evaluated using cognitive scales (mini-mental state examination [MMSE], montreal cognitive assessment [MoCA], clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes [CDR-SB]), plasma biomarker analysis, and advanced neuroimaging. RESULTS: A total of 64 patients were enrolled in this ongoing real-world study. Safety analysis revealed predominantly mild adverse events, with infusion-related reactions (20.3%, 13/64) being the most common. Of these, 69.2% (9/13) occurred during the initial infusion and 84.6% (11/13) did not recur. ARIA-H (microhemorrhages/superficial siderosis) and ARIA-E (edema/effusion) were observed in 9.4% (6/64) and 3.1% (2/64) of participants, respectively, with only two symptomatic cases (one ARIA-E presenting with headache and one ARIA-H with visual disturbances). After 6 months of treatment, cognitive scores remained stable compared to baseline (MMSE: 22.33 ± 5.58 vs . 21.27 ± 4.30, P = 0.733; MoCA: 16.38 ± 6.67 vs . 15.90 ± 4.78, P = 0.785; CDR-SB: 2.30 ± 1.65 vs . 3.16 ± 1.72, P = 0.357), while significantly increasing plasma amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) (+21.42%) and Aβ40 (+23.53%) levels compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Lecanemab demonstrated a favorable safety profile in Chinese patients with early AD. Cognitive stability and biomarker changes over 6 months suggest potential efficacy, though high dropout rates and absence of a control group warrant cautious interpretation. These findings provide preliminary real-world evidence for lecanemab's use in China, supporting further investigation in larger controlled studies. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT07034222.
Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy* ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism* ; Biomarkers ; East Asian People

Objective:To report the nationwide surveillance results of pathogenic profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Gram-positive bloodstream infections in China in 2023.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-posttive bacteria from blood cultures were collected in member hospitals of National Bloodstream Infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）during January to December 2023. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the dilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. Statistical analyses were conducted using WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software.Results:A total of 4 385 Gram-positive bacterial isolates were obtained from 60 participating center. The top five pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus（ n=1 544，35.2%），coagulase-negative Staphylococci（ n=1 441，32.9%）， Enterococcus faecium（ n=574，13.1%）， Enterococcus faecalis（ n=385，8.8%），and α-hemolytic Streptococci（ n=187，4.3%）. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA）and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci（MRCNS）was 26.2%（405/1 544）and 69.8%（1 006/1 441），respectively. Notably，all Staphylococci remained susceptible to glycopeptide or daptomycin. Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated excellent susceptibility（>97.0%）to cephalobiol，rifampicin，trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole，linezolid，minocycline，tigecycline，and eravacycline. No Enterococcus exhibiting resistance to linezolid were detected. Glycopeptide resistance was uncommon but more frequent in Enterococcus faecium（resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin：both 1.7%）compared to Enterococcus faecalis（both 0.3%）. The detection rates of MRSA and MRCNS exhibited significant regional variations across the country（ χ2=17.674 and 148.650，respectively，both P<0.001）. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococci were detected in central China. Institutional comparison demonstrated higher prevalence of MRSA（ χ2=14.111， P<0.001）and MRCNS（ χ2=4.828， P=0.028）in provincial hospitals than that in municipal hospitals. Socioeconomic analysis identified elevated detection rates of both MRSA（ χ2=18.986， P<0.001）and MRCNS（ χ2=4.477， P=0.034）in less developed regions（per capita GDP

Objective:To report the results of bacterial resistant investigation collaborative system（BRICS）on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-negative bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2023，and provide reference for clinical tretment of bloodstream infections and prevention and control of bacterial resistance.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of BRICS were collected during January 2023 to December 2023. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 were used to analyze the data.Results:During the study period，11 492 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were collected from 60 hospitals，of which 10 098（87.9%）were Enterobacterales and 1 394（12.1%）were non-fermentative bacteria. The top 5 bacterial species were Escherichia coli（50.0%）， Klebsiella pneumoniae（26.1%）， Pseudomonas aeruginosa（5.1%）， Acinetobacter baumannii complex（5.0%）and Enterobacter cloacae complex（4.1%）. The ESBL-producing rates in Escherichia coli， Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirablilis were 46.8%（2 685/5 741），18.3%（549/2 999）and 44.0%（77/175），respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli（CREC）and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP）were 1.3%（76/5 741）and 15.0%（450/2 999）；32.9%（25/76）and 78.0%（351/450）of CREC and CRKP were sensitive to ceftazidime/avibactam combination，respectively. 94.7%（72/76）and 90.2%（406/450）of CREC and CRKP were sensitive to aztreonam/avibactam combination. Furthermore，57.9%（44/76）and 79.1%（356/450）were sensitive to imipenem/relebactam combination. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii（CRAB）complex was 64.6%（370/573），while more than 80.0% of CRAB complex was sensitive to tigecycline，eravacycline and polymyxin B. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa（CRPA）was 17.0%（99/581）. There were differences in the composition ratio of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections and the prevalence of important Gram-negative bacteria resistance among different regions in China，with statistically significant differences in the prevalence of CREC，CRKP，CRPA and CRAB complex（ χ2=10.6，28.6，10.8 and 19.3， P<0.05）. The prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli， CREC，CRAB complex and CRKP were higher in provincial hospitals than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=12.5，9.8，12.7 and 57.8，all P<0.01）. Conclusions:Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens causing bloodstream infections in China，and Escherichia coli is ranked in the top，while the trend of Klebsiella pneumoniae increases continuously with time. CRKP infection shows a slow upward trend，CREC infecton maintains a low prevalence level，and CRAB complex infection continues to exhibit a high prevalence rate. The composition and resistance patterns of pathogens causing bloodstream infections vary to some extent across different regions and levels of hospitals in China.

Objective:To investigate the possible mechanism of Zaogong Erteng decoction (ZGETD) in the treatment of endometritis.Methods:Femal mice were injected 2.5 mg/mL lipopolysaccharide into uterine horn to induce endometritis model. After modelling, low-dose ZGETD, high-dose ZGETD or amoxicillin was given once a day for 7 d. The appearance of the uterus and pathological changes of uterine tissue were observed 7 d later, and the uterine index was calculated. The expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in mouse uterine tissue was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in mouse uterine tissue was measured by redox reaction. The active ingredients of ZGETD and the target and signal pathway of treatment of endometritis were analyzed by network pharmacology. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), P65, p-P65, interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and p-IRF3 proteins and chemokines CXCL5 and CXCL8 in the mouse uterus, respectively. Terminal dUTP nick end labeling detected endometrial cell apoptosis and endometrial thickness was measured. After treatment, the female rats were mated with the male rats, and the mating rate, the pregnancy rate and the number of implantation sits in the injected uterine horn on day 8 of gestation were counted. Results:Both ZGETD and amoxicillin have atherapeutic effect on endometritis, but compared with low-dose ZGETD and amoxicillin, high-dose ZGETD can significantly alleviate the edema and congestion of uterine tissue and reduce the uterine index (all P=0.001). After treatment, the uterine cavity epithelium of mice was smooth and complete, the uterine gland structure was normal, and no bleeding area and inflammatory cell aggregation were observed. Compared with amoxicillin, high-dose ZGETD significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and MPO activity (all P<0.001). The expression of chemokines ( CXCL5 and CXCL8) was significantly reduced (all P<0.05). The signaling pathways TLR4, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and TNF related to the treatment of endometritis by ZGETD were screened by network pharmacology, and their action targets (TLR4, NF-κB and IRF3) were verified. Quercetin, fisetin and luteolin were found to be the most active ingredients acting on these targets. High-dose ZGETD significantly inhibited the activation of TLR4/NF-κB and TLR4/IRF3 pathways ( P<0.05), decreased endometrial cell apoptosis ( P<0.05), and increased endometrial thickness ( P<0.001), mating rate ( P<0.001), pregnancy rate ( P<0.001) and implantation site number of uterine horn on the injection side of LPS after treatment ( P=0.001). Conclusion:High-dose ZGETD has a significant therapeutic effect on endometritis, which may be closely related to the down-regulation of TLR4 signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the possible mechanism of Zaogong Erteng decoction (ZGETD) in the treatment of endometritis.Methods:Femal mice were injected 2.5 mg/mL lipopolysaccharide into uterine horn to induce endometritis model. After modelling, low-dose ZGETD, high-dose ZGETD or amoxicillin was given once a day for 7 d. The appearance of the uterus and pathological changes of uterine tissue were observed 7 d later, and the uterine index was calculated. The expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in mouse uterine tissue was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in mouse uterine tissue was measured by redox reaction. The active ingredients of ZGETD and the target and signal pathway of treatment of endometritis were analyzed by network pharmacology. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), P65, p-P65, interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and p-IRF3 proteins and chemokines CXCL5 and CXCL8 in the mouse uterus, respectively. Terminal dUTP nick end labeling detected endometrial cell apoptosis and endometrial thickness was measured. After treatment, the female rats were mated with the male rats, and the mating rate, the pregnancy rate and the number of implantation sits in the injected uterine horn on day 8 of gestation were counted. Results:Both ZGETD and amoxicillin have atherapeutic effect on endometritis, but compared with low-dose ZGETD and amoxicillin, high-dose ZGETD can significantly alleviate the edema and congestion of uterine tissue and reduce the uterine index (all P=0.001). After treatment, the uterine cavity epithelium of mice was smooth and complete, the uterine gland structure was normal, and no bleeding area and inflammatory cell aggregation were observed. Compared with amoxicillin, high-dose ZGETD significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and MPO activity (all P<0.001). The expression of chemokines ( CXCL5 and CXCL8) was significantly reduced (all P<0.05). The signaling pathways TLR4, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and TNF related to the treatment of endometritis by ZGETD were screened by network pharmacology, and their action targets (TLR4, NF-κB and IRF3) were verified. Quercetin, fisetin and luteolin were found to be the most active ingredients acting on these targets. High-dose ZGETD significantly inhibited the activation of TLR4/NF-κB and TLR4/IRF3 pathways ( P<0.05), decreased endometrial cell apoptosis ( P<0.05), and increased endometrial thickness ( P<0.001), mating rate ( P<0.001), pregnancy rate ( P<0.001) and implantation site number of uterine horn on the injection side of LPS after treatment ( P=0.001). Conclusion:High-dose ZGETD has a significant therapeutic effect on endometritis, which may be closely related to the down-regulation of TLR4 signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND:Finite element analysis is an advanced computer-based engineering technique that uses mathematical approximations to simulate the human body.This method accurately reflects the biomechanical characteristics within the knee,providing a powerful tool for understanding knee disease pathogenesis,optimizing surgical protocols,and developing new implant materials.OBJECTIVE:To review the establishment of finite element modelling of the knee joint and its application in the study of knee joint diseases,and look forward to the future development trend.METHODS:The first author searched the PubMed and EI databases in April 2024 by applying a computer with English search terms"finite element analysis,FEA,knee joint,finite element model,knee biomechanics,knee osteoarthritis,knee prosthesis,knee ligaments,meniscus"and searched CNKI and WanFang databases with Chinese search terms"finite element analysis,finite element model,knee joint,biomechanics,osteoarthritis,computational model,knee prosthesis,knee ligament,meniscus."Finally,75 papers were included in the analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Finite element analysis method uses medical imaging data to obtain a three-dimensional human model,simplifies the complex human joint structure into finite and interconnected units,and visually displays the internal stress distribution of the knee joint by applying external loads to the model.(2)The researchers deeply study the internal stress and strain distribution of the knee joint under different working conditions by means of finite element analysis,revealing the overloading of the articular cartilage and the decrease of load in some areas when the balance of the internal load distribution of the knee joint is changed,and that such long-term abnormal stresses cause deformation,wear and tear,and eventual loss of cartilage,which is crucial for understanding how biomechanical factors cause degenerative changes of the knee joint.(3)The effect of physical therapy methods such as Tai Chi and gait adjustment in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint was evaluated by finite element analysis,and the results showed that these treatments reduced the overloading of the cartilage,which provided a scientific theoretical basis for clinical treatment.(4)Clinicians are able to optimize surgical treatment strategies by performing three-dimensional reconstruction,data measurement,and simulation of surgery before surgery through finite element analysis.Furthermore,the mechanical characteristics of different prostheses can be simulated to improve the shape,material,and fixation of the prostheses,reduce patient complications,and improve patient outcomes.(5)The combination of artificial intelligence and finite element analysis makes the construction of finite element models more accurate and easy to operate,greatly contributing to the efficiency of clinicians'medical practice and patient outcomes.(6)Finite element analysis is only a digital simulation,which is still somewhat different from the real physical state.

Objective:To analyze the clinical features, imaging features and diagnosis and treatment process of a female pelvic epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) with peritoneal metastasis, so as to improve the clinical understanding and diagnostic ability of the disease and avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.Methods:The clinical data of a female patient with pelvic EIMS combined with peritoneal metastasis in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The triad examination of the patient involved an irregular solid mass in the pelvic cavity about 8.0 cm×9.0 cm in size. Laboratory examination revealed human epididymal protein 4(HE4)154.00 pmol/L. The ultrasonography showed multiple low-echo masses in deep pelvic cavity with unclear boundary and uneven internal echo, and color doppler flow imaging (CDFI) showed abundant internal blood flow signals. Enhanced CT showed uneven and obvious enhancement of the lesion. Pathological examination showed the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the mucous interstitial background. The tumor cells were round and epithelioid, with large nuclei, deep staining and obvious nucleolus. Immunohistochemistry showed anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive, and molecular pathology fluorescence in situ hybridization showed ALK gene amplification (positive). Combined with pathological, immunohistochemical and genetic tests, EIMS was diagnosed. Conclusions:EIMS should be considered when there are single or multiple solid or cystic nodules or masses in the pelvic cavity with obvious enhancement, invasive growth and peritoneal implantation metastasis, and the correct diagnosis can be made according to the pathological findings, immunohistochemistry and genetic test results.