Objective: To analyze the dental plaque microecological characteristics and the levels of salivary interleukin (IL)-5, IL-12, and IL-16 in school aged children with mixed dentition, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of childhood dental caries. Methods: A total of 199 school aged children admitted aged 6-12 years to Tianjin Stomatological Hospital from January 2023 to January 2025 were selected. According to the decayed missing and filled teeth(DMFT) index, they were divided into high caries group ( n =68, DMFT index≥4), low caries group ( n =65, 1≤DMFT index≤3) and caries free group ( n =66, DMFT index=0). The microbial composition of dental plaque was analyzed by 16S rDNA high throughput sequencing. Salivary levels of IL-5, IL-12 and IL-16 were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay kit. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between levels of salivary IL-5, IL-12 and IL-16 and the DMFT index in children with caries. Results: Species richness and evenness (Shannon index) and uniformity (Shannonevenness index) in the high caries group were (3.28±0.64) and (0.61±0.13), respectively, which were lower than (3.66±0.52) and (0.74±0.15) in low caries group, and ( 3.60± 0.49) and (0.72±0.16) in caries free group ( F =9.08, 15.20, both P <0.05). The relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria in the high caries group were higher than those in the low caries and caries free groups, while the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Candidate phylum TM7 were lower than those in the low caries and caries free groups. The relative abundances of Streptococcus, Leptotrichia, Veillonella, Prevotella, and Actinomycesin in the high caries group were higher than those in the low caries and caries free groups, while the relative abundances of Capnocytophagaand Porphyromonas were lower ( F = 47.55- 1 969.24 , all P <0.05). The levels of salivary IL-5, IL-12, and IL-16 in the high caries group [(12.57±3.21, 28.73±6.79, 45.31 ±11.14)pg/mL] were higher than those in the low caries [(8.63±2.39, 18.16±4.62, 32.60±9.46)pg/mL] and caries free groups [(7.84±2.17, 14.94±3.83, 29.55±8.21)pg/mL] ( F =62.08, 141.23, 49.35, all P <0.05). Pearson correlation test results showed that salivary IL-5, IL-12, and IL-16 levels were positively correlated with the DMFT index in children with caries ( r = 0.73 , 0.68, 0.65, all P <0.05). Conclusions The microecological structure of dental plaque in school aged children with mixed dentition caries is significantly altered, the levels of pro inflammatory factors are significantly elevated, and these levels are positively correlated with the severity of caries.Oral microbial dysbiosis and local inflammatory responses may play a key role in the development and progression of dental caries.

Myocardial infarction is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) with high morbidity and mortality, which can trigger a cascade of cardiac pathophysiological changes, including fibrosis, inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and ventricular remodeling, ultimately leading to heart failure (HF). While conventional pharmacological treatments and clinical reperfusion therapy may enhance short-term prognoses and emergency survival rates, both approaches have limitations and adverse effects. Natural products (NPs) are extensively utilized as therapeutics globally, with some demonstrating potentially favorable therapeutic effects in preclinical and clinical pharmacological studies, positioning them as potential alternatives to modern drugs. This review comprehensively elucidates the pathophysiological mechanisms during myocardial infarction and summarizes the mechanisms by which NPs exert cardiac beneficial effects. These include classical mechanisms such as inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress, alleviation of cardiomyocyte death, attenuation of cardiac fibrosis, improvement of angiogenesis, and emerging mechanisms such as cardiac metabolic regulation and histone modification. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the modulation by NPs of novel targets or signaling pathways in classical mechanisms, including other forms of regulated cell death (RCD), endothelial-mesenchymal transition, non-coding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) cascade, and endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) function. Additionally, NPs influencing a particular mechanism are categorized based on their chemical structure, and their relevance is discussed. Finally, the current limitations and prospects of NPs therapy are considered, highlighting their potential for use in myocardial infarction management and identifying issues that require urgent attention.
Humans ; Myocardial Infarction/genetics* ; Biological Products/therapeutic use* ; Animals ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects*

Nine novel compounds, comprising seven tetrahydroanthraquinones (auxarthrolones A-G, 1-7), a γ-butenolide glycoside (malfilamentoside E, 26), and a γ-butenolide (auxarthrolide A, 27), together with eighteen known compounds (8-25) were isolated from rice-based solid culture of Auxarthron umbrinum (A. umbrinum) DSM3193 using the one strain many compounds (OSMAC) approach. The structural elucidation of these compounds was accomplished through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), and NMR calculation combined with DP4+ analysis or MAEΔΔδ parameter, while the absolute configurations of new compounds were established through single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopic data analysis and/or chemical derivatization. Austrocortilutein (10) and auxarthrol H (14) demonstrated moderate cytotoxicity against U87 and U251 [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) 3.5-12.1 μmol·L^-1]. Additionally, auxarthrolone A (1), auxarthrol H (14), eupolyphagin B (15), and 7-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5-methylchromone (17) exhibited torsional effects on fibroblast proliferation challenges induced by oleic acid, thus demonstrating fibroblast proliferation-promoting activity.
4-Butyrolactone/pharmacology* ; Molecular Structure ; Anthraquinones/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

The triple energizer is the pathway for the transportation and metabolism of qi,blood and body fluid in the body,and the xuanfu(sweat pores)is the way for the ascending,descending,exiting,and entering of qi movement in the muscular striae and the exterior.Professor Li Huilin believes that the pathogenesis of acne is usually due to the dysfunction of triple energizer and the stagnation of depressed yang-heat,which result into the abnormal opening and closing of the xuanfu and the accumulation of heat-toxin in the muscular striae.For the treatment of acne with traditional Chinese medicine,it is necessary to pay attention to the regulation of triple energizer-xuanfu.The treatment should be based on unblocking therapy,and the therapeutic principle of unblocking triple energizer and opening xuanfu should be taken into account.In clinical practice,it is necessary to identify the syndromes of upper energizer,middle energizer and lower energizer.The syndrome of the upper energizer is often due to fire-heat,which results from the wind-heat in lung meridian or the exuberance of heart fire.The upper-energizer syndrome can be treated by the therapy of relieving and clearing the pathogens with light and mild drugs,expelling fire-heat to open sweat pores,and through the modified use of Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou Decoction,Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction,or Puji Xiaodu Decoction.The syndrome of the middle energizer is usually due to the qi stagnation,which results from intense stomach-heat,damp-heat in the spleen and stomach,liver depression and qi stagnation,or spleen deficiency with dampness accumulation.The middle-energizer syndrome can be treated by the therapy of regulating qi movement to relieve stagnation and open sweat pores,and through the modified use of Qingwei san,Sanren Decoction,Huanglian Wendan Decoction,Chaihu Shugan Powder,or Heqi Powder.The syndrome of the lower energizer is often due to healthy-qi deficiency,which results from yin deficiency of liver and kidney,or deficiency-cold in lower energizer.The lower-energizer syndrome can be treated by the therapy of cultivating the vital essence and consolidating vital base,supplementing deficiency to open sweat pores,and through the modified use of Liuwei Dihuang Pills or Yanghe Decoction.

Objective To investigate the acupoint selection patterns for treating diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy(DCAN)using data mining techniques,providing evidence for clinical practice.Methods Literature on acupuncture treatment for DCAN was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and PubMed.The publication dates of the included literature ranged from the inception of each database to April 2024.Descriptive analysis,association rule analysis,and cluster analysis were performed on acupoint prescriptions,with the selection patterns of meridians and acupoints were summarized.Results A total of 27 articles were included,involving 18 acupoints.The top 10 high-frequency acupoints were Neiguan(PC6),Xinshu(BL15),Pishu(BL20),Zusanli(ST36),Sanyinjiao(SP6),Shenmen(HT7),Taixi(KI3),Lingtai(GV10),Shendao(GV11),and Shenshu(BL23).The primary meridians selected were the bladder meridian of foot-taiyang and the pericardium meridian of hand-jueyin.Specific acupoint categories predominantly included back-shu points and five transport points.Association rule and cluster analyses identified core acupoint combinations centered on Xinshu,Neiguan,Pishu,and Zusanli.Conclusion The core acupoint combination for treating DCAN with acupuncture comprises Xinshu,Neiguan,Pishu,and Zusanli.

Objective To explore the medication rules of Professor Li Huilin in treating Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT)complicated with hypothyroidism using data mining techniques based on the R language.Methods Prescription data of the patients with HT complicated with hypothyroidism treated by Professor Li Huilin in outpatient clinics from March 2023 to March 2024 were collected.A database was established using Microsoft Excel 2021,and R language was employed to analyze the frequency,efficacy,properties and flavors,and meridian tropism of the medicinals from Chinese herbal prescriptions.Additionally,correlation analysis,association rule analysis,and cluster analysis were performed on the medicines from Chinese herbal prescriptions.Results A total of 57 Chinese herbal prescriptions involving 125 medicinals with 782 medication frequencies were included.The top 10 frequently-used medicinals were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle(Zhigancao),Angelicae Sinensis Radix(Danggui),Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(Baizhu),Astragali Radix(Huangqi),Bupleuri Radix(Chaihu),Cinnamomi Ramulus(Guizhi),Leonuri Herba(Yimucao),Paeoniae Radix Alba(Baishao),Poria(Fuling),and Fici Simplicissimae Radix(Wuzhimaotao).Most of the medicinals had therapeutic action of tonifying deficiency.The analysis of properties and flavors showed that the majority of medicinals were mild or warm in nature,and sweet in flavor.The top three meridians having the tropism of medicinals were the liver,lung,and spleen meridians.Correlation analysis identified five strongly-correlated herbal combinations.Association rule mining revealed a core herbal combination consisting of seven medicinals of Zhigancao,Huangqi,Danggui,Chaihu,Codonopsis Radix(Dangshen),Baizhu,and Cyperi Rhizoma(Xiangfu).Cluster analysis of medicinals with a frequency of≥5 yielded five groups of herbal combination.Conclusion For the treatment of HT complicated with hypothyroidism,Professor Li Huilin follows the principle of addressing the root cause of the disease,and focuses on strengthening the spleen and replenishing qi.Moreover,attention is given to soothing the liver and regulating qi,harmonizing qi and blood simultaneously,and treating symptoms and root cause simultaneously.

Objective To investigate the association between birth weight and dementia risk and the mediating roles of chronic diseases,and to assess potential biological pathways underlying the birth weight-associated dementia risk based on large-scale proteomics.Methods We used data from 279 743 participants aged 40 to 69 years enrolled in the UK Biobank.Birth weight was categorized into low birth weight(≤2 500 g),normal birth weight(2 500-3 999 g),and macrosomia(≥4 000 g).Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the associations between birth weight categories and all-cause dementia and its subtypes(Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia).Proteomics analyses were conducted to identify proteins and the potential pathways involved.Results Low birth weight was associated with higher risks for all-cause dementia and its subtypes.The hazard ratios were 1.18(95%CI,1.08-1.30)for all-cause dementia,1.14(95%CI,1.00-1.31)for Alzheimer's disease,and 1.22(95%CI,1.01-1.48)for vascular dementia.A non-linear relationship was observed between birth weight and dementia risk(P for nonlinearity<0.001).Certain cardiometabolic diseases in middle-aged adults,such as diabetes,stroke,hypertension,and dyslipidemia,played a significant mediating role in the relationship between low birth weight and dementia risk,with the mediation proportion being 6.3%to 15.8%.Proteomic analyses identified 21 proteins linked to both low birth weight and all-cause dementia risk,which were significantly enriched in the pathways for viral protein interaction with cytokines and cytokine receptors,adipocytokine signaling,and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction.Conclusion Low birth weight is positively associated with dementia risk.Cardiometabolic diseases in middle-aged adults may mediate the relationship between low birth weight and dementia risk.A number of proteins and the associated pathways underscore the relationship between low birth weight and dementia risk.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics in an elderly patient with sellar multiple myeloma.Methods Clinical features,laboratory data and radiologic profile of an elderly patient with sellar multiple myeloma were collected.Results The patient was an 85-year-old male.The main clinical manifestations were fatigue,poor appetite and polyuria.Laboratory examinations showed a significant decrease in blood sodium,several anterior pitu-itary hormones and an increase in total protein,mass of pituitary lesion and concentration of prolactin.During etio-logical screening,it was found that the blood immunoglobulin G(IgG)level was significantly increased,the blood M protein was positive and the bone marrow smear showed myeloma cells accompanied by multiple osteolytic lesions in the bones of the whole body.Considering the diagnosis of multiple myeloma,the pituitary lesion was likely to be the extra-medullary involvement.Conclusions The intrasellar plasmacytoma is not common.The disease onset is insidious with clinical features and imaging findings lacking specificity.Therefore,diagnosis relies on biopsy which poses risks for elderly patients and increases diagnostic challenges leading to misdiagnosis.

INTRODUCTION: Lecanemab has shown promise in treating early Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its safety and efficacy in Chinese populations remain unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and 6-month clinical outcomes of lecanemab in Chinese patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild AD. METHODS: In this single-arm, real-world study, participants with MCI due to AD or mild AD received biweekly intravenous lecanemab (10 mg/kg). The study was conducted at Hainan Branch, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Patient enrollment and baseline assessments commenced in November 2023. Safety assessments included monitoring for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) and other adverse events. Clinical and biomarker changes from baseline to 6 months were evaluated using cognitive scales (mini-mental state examination [MMSE], montreal cognitive assessment [MoCA], clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes [CDR-SB]), plasma biomarker analysis, and advanced neuroimaging. RESULTS: A total of 64 patients were enrolled in this ongoing real-world study. Safety analysis revealed predominantly mild adverse events, with infusion-related reactions (20.3%, 13/64) being the most common. Of these, 69.2% (9/13) occurred during the initial infusion and 84.6% (11/13) did not recur. ARIA-H (microhemorrhages/superficial siderosis) and ARIA-E (edema/effusion) were observed in 9.4% (6/64) and 3.1% (2/64) of participants, respectively, with only two symptomatic cases (one ARIA-E presenting with headache and one ARIA-H with visual disturbances). After 6 months of treatment, cognitive scores remained stable compared to baseline (MMSE: 22.33 ± 5.58 vs . 21.27 ± 4.30, P = 0.733; MoCA: 16.38 ± 6.67 vs . 15.90 ± 4.78, P = 0.785; CDR-SB: 2.30 ± 1.65 vs . 3.16 ± 1.72, P = 0.357), while significantly increasing plasma amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) (+21.42%) and Aβ40 (+23.53%) levels compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Lecanemab demonstrated a favorable safety profile in Chinese patients with early AD. Cognitive stability and biomarker changes over 6 months suggest potential efficacy, though high dropout rates and absence of a control group warrant cautious interpretation. These findings provide preliminary real-world evidence for lecanemab's use in China, supporting further investigation in larger controlled studies. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT07034222.
Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy* ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism* ; Biomarkers ; East Asian People

Objective To explore the association between dynamic indexes of maternal progesterone in early pregnancy and the average level and growth rate of fetal head circumference(HC)in mid-and late pregnancy.Methods This study adopted a retrospective cohort design and included 255 singleton pregnant women in the maternal and infant cohort of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2015 to December 2024.The progesterone levels of their early venous blood were detected and divided into two groups of progesterone trajectories,namely,fluctuating type and increasing type,by morphology.The dynamic indicators of progesterone in early pregnancy were constructed:cumulative dynamic deviation index in the first trimester(CDDI-P1T),gestational age at progesterone peak(GA-PP),and maximal relative progesterone decline in the first trimester(MRD-P1T).The average head circumference level and linear growth rate of the fetuses in the middle and late pregnancy were calculated.Generalized linear regression(GLM)was used to analyze the linear association between progesterone dynamic indicators and head circumference development.The key gestational weeks of progesterone affecting fetal head development were explored by linear regression of gestational weeks.Ordinary least squares(OLS)regression and restricted cubic spline(RCS)plots were used to draw the nonlinear association between progesterone dynamic indicators and head circumference.Results Among the 255 pregnant women included,92.5％of the progesterone trajectories in early pregnancy were fluctuating,and 7.5％were increasing.The growth rates of the increasing progesterone trajectory group were higher in the second and third trimesters than in the fluctuating group,but the differences were not statistically significant(all P＞0.05).GLM analysis showed that for every 1 unit increase in CDDI-P1T,the head circumference in the middle and late pregnancy increased significantly by 1.574 cm and 1.193 cm(Z=3.714,2.885,P＜0.01).The delay of GA-PP was negatively correlated with the head circumference in the middle pregnancy(β=-0.190 cm,95％CI:-0.339--0.041,P=0.010)but positively correlated with the head circumference growth rate in the late pregnancy(β=0.022 cm/week,95％CI:0.003-0.041,P=0.025).A 10％decrease in the decline of CDDI-P1T increased the head circumference in the middle pregnancy by 0.200 cm(95％CI:0.016-0.384,P=0.033),and a 100％decrease in the decline increased the head circumference growth rate in the late pregnancy by 0.201 cm/week(95％CI:0.002-0.399,P=0.048).The analysis of the key time window showed that for every 20 nmol/L increase in progesterone during 9.5-13 weeks of pregnancy,the mid-term head circumference increased by 0.035-0.166 cm(Z=2.452-3.517,allP＜0.05),and the late-term head circumference increased by 0.767 cm during 9-13 weeks of pregnancy(Z=2.452-3.517,all P＜0.05).When progesterone increased during 9.5-10.5 weeks of pregnancy,the growth rate of mid-term head circumference increased by 0.013-0.023 cm/week(Z=2.074-2.243,all P＜0.01).When progesterone increased during 8.5-10.5 weeks of pregnancy,the growth rate of late-term head circumference increased by 0.010-0.026 cm/week(Z=2.061-3.137,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Progesterone dynamic index is a new sensitive tool for evaluating fetal head circumference development.There is a stage-specific window period for progesterone regulation.9.5-13 weeks of pregnancy is the critical period for progesterone to affect head circumference growth,and 9.5-10.5 weeks of pregnancy is the core window for regulating the growth rate of head circumference.Therefore,it is necessary to combine progesterone dynamic index and time window for individualized intervention to promote the transformation of prenatal care from pregnancy maintenance to eugenics intervention.