Hyperlipidemia is a common metabolic disorder driven by dysregulated lipid metabolism， whose pathological progression involves multifaceted interactions across various signaling pathways， including disrupted cholesterol homeostasis， insulin resistance， chronic inflammation， and oxidative stress. Although existing clinical medications such as statins can effectively reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol through single-target inhibition， significant limitations remain in comprehensively improving reverse cholesterol transport， metabolic inflammation， and coordinated regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Curcumin， the primary polyphenolic active compound derived from the traditional medicinal herb turmeric， exhibits multi-dimensional pharmacological effects including modulation of lipid metabolism， improvement of insulin sensitivity， suppression of inflammatory responses， and enhancement of antioxidant defense. This review systematically integrates the multi-target regulatory network of curcumin， elucidating its key mechanisms： Balancing the low density lipoprotein receptor/proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 （LDLR/PCSK9） signaling pathway to promote reverse cholesterol transport， activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/γ （PPARα/γ） signaling pathways to coordinate glucolipid metabolic homeostasis， remodeling the gut microbiota-bile acid axis， inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB）-mediated inflammatory responses， and activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element （Nrf2/ARE） antioxidant signaling pathway. Furthermore， supported by clinical research data， the review validates curcumin's therapeutic potential in reducing total cholesterol （TC） and triglyceride （TG） levels， increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， as well as improving vascular endothelial function and insulin sensitivity. The study highlights the multi-target regulatory properties of curcumin and discusses future clinical applications based on nano-delivery systems and personalized treatment strategies， providing a theoretical basis and novel insights for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia and related metabolic disorders.

Objective To identify the key influencing factors and role mechanisms of large-scale medical equip-ment allocation decision-making in public hospitals,and to provide a reference basis for optimizing resource alloca-tion strategies.Methods Through searching the literature related to large-scale medical equipment decision-making in public hospitals and combing the policies,the system of decision-making influencing factors was initially screened.The Delphi method and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method were used to obtain the key influencing factors of equipment allocation decision-making and to determine the interaction effects among the factors.Results A total of seven cause factors and nine effect factors were screened.Among them,cost-benefit analysis,equipment technical performance,and evaluation of similar equipment were the top three key drivers;leadership emphasis,equipment market price,and equipment supporting facilities were the top three key con-straints.Conclusion Priority be given to strengthening the management of driving factors,mainly by conducting a full-cycle assessment of cost-effectiveness,paying attention to the clinical value output of equipment technical performance,and monitoring regionally similar equipment.A dynamic response mechanism for constraints should be established,mainly to strengthen leadership decision-making,implement a centralized procurement price nego-tiation model and improve the pre-assessment system for ancillary facilities.

Objective:To observe any effect of combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with aerobic exercise on the cognitive functioning of early stage Parkinson′s disease (PD) patients.Methods:A total of 120 PD patients in the early stage were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 60. Both groups received conventional drug treatment and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training, while the observation group was additionally provided with high-frequency rTMS treatment. Before and after 3 months of the treatments, everyone′s cognitive and motor functioning was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) and the third part of the Unified Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-Ⅲ), respectively. Negative emotions were evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Auditory event-related potentials were also detected, and the latency and amplitude of P300 were analyzed.Results:The average MoCA, UPDRS-Ⅲ, HAMA and HAMD scores, as well as the amplitude and latency of P300 had improved significantly in both groups after the treatment. At that point the observation group′s performance was significantly better than that of the control group in terms of the MoCA′s visuospatial and executive function, attention and delayed recall indicators, and also total score. The observation group′s average HAMA score (10.55±3.11), HAMD score (9.78±4.10), the P300 amplitude [(11.29±2.21)μV] and latency [(384.75±48.26)ms] were also significantly better. The UPDRS-Ⅲ scores were negatively correlated with the visuospatial and executive function scores of the MoCA scale in the observation group before and after treatment, while the average HAMA score was negatively correlated with the attention and delayed recall scores.Conclusions:Supplementing aerobic exercise with rTMS can significantly improve the cognition and motor functioning of early stage PD patients. The combination is more effective than aerobic exercise alone. Such combined therapy is worthy of popularization and clinical application.

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of combining low-frequency pulsed electrical stimulation with Beckman oral muscle exercise training in relieving drooling among persons with Parkinson′s disease (PD).Methods:A random number table was used to divide 120 PD patients with drooling into a mouth muscle training group, an electrical stimulation group, and an observation group, with 40 patients in each group. In addition to routine medication, the oral muscle training group was given Beckman oral muscle exercise training, the electrical stimulation group underwent low-frequency pulsed electrical stimulation treatment, while the observation group was provided with both. Before and after 4 weeks of treatment, the severity of salivation, the frequency of repeated empty swallowing, oral motor function, saliva secretion, and life quality of the three groups were evaluated using the Saliva Rating Scale (DRS), the Repeated Saliva Swallowing Test (RSST), oral motor function grading, the Parkinson′s Disease Saliva Clinical Scale (SCS-PD), saliva weighing, and the PD Quality of Life Scale (PDQ-39).Results:After the treatment the average DRS, SCS-PD, saliva weighing and PDQ-39 results of the observation group were significantly better than those before treatment and better than the other 2 groups′ averages. That group′s average RSST and oral motor function scores had increased significantly compared to before treatment, and compared with the other 2 groups′ averages at the same time point.Conclusions:Combining low-frequency pulsed electrical stimulation with Beckman oral muscle exercise can improve oral motor function, swallowing, and the life quality of PD patients who drool. It is more effective than electrical stimulation or oral muscle exercise training alone. Such combination therapy is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective:To observe any effect of combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with aerobic exercise on the cognitive functioning of early stage Parkinson′s disease (PD) patients.Methods:A total of 120 PD patients in the early stage were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 60. Both groups received conventional drug treatment and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training, while the observation group was additionally provided with high-frequency rTMS treatment. Before and after 3 months of the treatments, everyone′s cognitive and motor functioning was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) and the third part of the Unified Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-Ⅲ), respectively. Negative emotions were evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Auditory event-related potentials were also detected, and the latency and amplitude of P300 were analyzed.Results:The average MoCA, UPDRS-Ⅲ, HAMA and HAMD scores, as well as the amplitude and latency of P300 had improved significantly in both groups after the treatment. At that point the observation group′s performance was significantly better than that of the control group in terms of the MoCA′s visuospatial and executive function, attention and delayed recall indicators, and also total score. The observation group′s average HAMA score (10.55±3.11), HAMD score (9.78±4.10), the P300 amplitude [(11.29±2.21)μV] and latency [(384.75±48.26)ms] were also significantly better. The UPDRS-Ⅲ scores were negatively correlated with the visuospatial and executive function scores of the MoCA scale in the observation group before and after treatment, while the average HAMA score was negatively correlated with the attention and delayed recall scores.Conclusions:Supplementing aerobic exercise with rTMS can significantly improve the cognition and motor functioning of early stage PD patients. The combination is more effective than aerobic exercise alone. Such combined therapy is worthy of popularization and clinical application.

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of combining low-frequency pulsed electrical stimulation with Beckman oral muscle exercise training in relieving drooling among persons with Parkinson′s disease (PD).Methods:A random number table was used to divide 120 PD patients with drooling into a mouth muscle training group, an electrical stimulation group, and an observation group, with 40 patients in each group. In addition to routine medication, the oral muscle training group was given Beckman oral muscle exercise training, the electrical stimulation group underwent low-frequency pulsed electrical stimulation treatment, while the observation group was provided with both. Before and after 4 weeks of treatment, the severity of salivation, the frequency of repeated empty swallowing, oral motor function, saliva secretion, and life quality of the three groups were evaluated using the Saliva Rating Scale (DRS), the Repeated Saliva Swallowing Test (RSST), oral motor function grading, the Parkinson′s Disease Saliva Clinical Scale (SCS-PD), saliva weighing, and the PD Quality of Life Scale (PDQ-39).Results:After the treatment the average DRS, SCS-PD, saliva weighing and PDQ-39 results of the observation group were significantly better than those before treatment and better than the other 2 groups′ averages. That group′s average RSST and oral motor function scores had increased significantly compared to before treatment, and compared with the other 2 groups′ averages at the same time point.Conclusions:Combining low-frequency pulsed electrical stimulation with Beckman oral muscle exercise can improve oral motor function, swallowing, and the life quality of PD patients who drool. It is more effective than electrical stimulation or oral muscle exercise training alone. Such combination therapy is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective To identify the key influencing factors and role mechanisms of large-scale medical equip-ment allocation decision-making in public hospitals,and to provide a reference basis for optimizing resource alloca-tion strategies.Methods Through searching the literature related to large-scale medical equipment decision-making in public hospitals and combing the policies,the system of decision-making influencing factors was initially screened.The Delphi method and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method were used to obtain the key influencing factors of equipment allocation decision-making and to determine the interaction effects among the factors.Results A total of seven cause factors and nine effect factors were screened.Among them,cost-benefit analysis,equipment technical performance,and evaluation of similar equipment were the top three key drivers;leadership emphasis,equipment market price,and equipment supporting facilities were the top three key con-straints.Conclusion Priority be given to strengthening the management of driving factors,mainly by conducting a full-cycle assessment of cost-effectiveness,paying attention to the clinical value output of equipment technical performance,and monitoring regionally similar equipment.A dynamic response mechanism for constraints should be established,mainly to strengthen leadership decision-making,implement a centralized procurement price nego-tiation model and improve the pre-assessment system for ancillary facilities.

Objective:To assess the capability of seven reference medical laboratories to detect BCR::ABL1 p210 transcription levels and to compare the results among those laboratories.Methods:The interlaboratory comparison was carried out in two stages. The samples were prepared by the reference laboratory. The quantitative values of BCR::ABL1 p210 of the comparison samples covered 0.001%-0.01%, 0.01%-0.1%, 0.1%-1%, 1%-10% and>10% in each stage. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and dPCR (digital PCR) were used to examine the samples. The conversion factor (CF) was calculated and validated for each laboratory.Results:In the RT-PCR comparison, one laboratory was failed to detect BCR::ABL1 p210 in fourteen samples at the first stage. The results of the other six laboratories were qualified with the bias <±1.2 folds (-0.133-0.338) and 95% limits of agreement within ±5 folds (upper limit 0.147-0.785, lower limit -0.770--0.109), and the corresponding CF values were calculated and validated. In the dPCR comparison, one laboratory did not report results at the second stage. The results of the other six laboratories were qualified with the bias <±1.2 folds (-0.026-0.267) and 95% limits of agreement within±5 folds (upper limit 0.084-0.991, lower limit -0.669--0.135), and the corresponding CF values were calculated and validated. The samples with BCR::ABL1 p210 quantitative values of 0.01%-0.1%, 0.1%-1%, 1%-10% and >10% could be detected by both RT-PCR and qPCR. When the quantitative value of BCR::ABL1 p210 was 0.001%-0.01%, the detection rate of dPCR was higher than that of RT-PCR (85.56% vs. 68.00%).Conclusions:A good consistency is present among various laboratories. The quantitative value of BCR::ABL1 p210 is comparable among laboratories as shown by the CF value conversion. For quantitative detection of BCR::ABL1 p210 deep molecular reaction, dPCR has a higher positive detection rate and more advantages than RT-PCR. To ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of the BCR::ABL1 p210 test, it is imperative for every laboratory to enhance their daily quality control practices.

OBJECTIVE To identify the chemical constituents of Rhamni Songoricae Fructus and to establish their fingerprints and the method for simultaneous determination of four constituents to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Rhamni Songoricae Fructus. METHODS The chemical constituents in Rhamni Songoricae Fructus were qualitatively analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. The fingerprints of 15 batches of Rhamni Songoricae Fructus were established by HPLC and chemometric analysis was performed by using SPSS 26.0 and SIMCA 14.1 software； the contents of quercetin， kaempferol， kaempferide and emodin were determined by the same method. RESULTS A total of 35 constituents were identified， including 28 kinds of flavonoids， 5 kinds of anthraquinones and 2 kinds of organic acids. A total of 19 common peaks were identified in the HPLC fingerprints， recognizing quercetin， kaempferol， kaempferide and emodin. The similarities between HPLC fingerprints of 15 batches of samples and control chromatograms were greater than 0.9. The results of cluster analysis showed that 15 batches of samples were divided into 2 classes， of which S1-S5， S7 and S9 were one class and the rest were one class， similar to the results of principal component analysis. The results of the orthogonal partial least squares- discriminant analysis showed that the variable importance projections of peaks No. 2， 6， 1， 11 （quercetin）， 3， 14， 8， 10， 19 （emodin）， 5 were all greater than 1. The contents of quercetin， kaempferol， kaempferide and emodin ranged from 0.710 to 10.478 mg/g， 0.236 to 0.660 mg/g， 0.334 to 3.039 mg/g， and 0.261 to 0.504 mg/g. CONCLUSIONS The constructed chemical constituent identification， fingerprint and content determination methods are simple， feasible and reproducible， which combined with chemometric analysis can be used for comprehensive evaluation of the quality of Rhamni Songoricae Fructus.

Objective:To discuss the inhibitory effect of diosmetin(DIO)on the ferroptosis induced by the glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)inhibitor(1S,3R)-RSL3(RSL3)in spermatocytes GC-2 of the mice,and to clarify the mechanism.Methods:The GC-2 cells were divided into control group,RSL3 group,RSL3+0.8 nmol·L-1 DIO group,RSL3+4.0 nmol·L-1 DIO group,RSL3+20.0 nmol·L-1 DIO group,and RSL3+ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostain-1(Fer-1)group(200 nmol·L-1 Fer-1).The cells were treated with 0,1,5,10,50,100,500,and 1 000 nmol·L-1 RSL3 solutions,and 0,0.5,0.1,1.0,5.0,10.0,and 50.0 μmol·L-1 DIO solutions,respectively.Additionally,the GC-2 cells were divided into blank group,model group,and treatment group.The GC-2 cells in treatment group were further divided into 0.8,4.0,and 20.0 nmol·L-1 DIO groups,as well as RSL3+0.8 nmol·L-1 DIO group,RSL3+4.0 nmol·L-1 DIO group,and RSL3+20.0 nmol·L-1 DIO group.MTT method was used to detect the survival rates of the GC-2 cells in various groups.The GC-2 cells were treated with 100 nmol·L-1 RSL3 for 0,6,12,24,36,and 48 h;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of ferroptosis-related proteins in the GC-2 cells in various groups;kits were used to detect the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),and ratios of glutathione(GSH)to glutathione disulfide(GSSG)in the GC-2 cells in various groups;immunofluorescence method was used to detect the fluorescence intensities of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4(ACSL4)protein in the GC-2 cells in various groups.Results:The MTT method results showed that compared with 0 nmol·L-1 RSL3 group,the survival rates of the GC-2 cells in 50,100,500,and 1 000 nmol·L-1 RSL3 groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared with 0 μmol·L-1 DIO group,the survival rates of the GC-2 cells in 0.5,1.0,5.0,10.0,and 50.0 μmol·L-1 DIO groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01),and 100 nmol·L-1 RSL3 with DIO concentration<0.1 μmol·L-1 were selected for the subsequent experiments.Compared with blank group,the survival rates of the GC-2 cells in model group was significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared with model group,the survival rates of the GC-2 cells in RSL3+20.0 nmol·L-1 DIO group was significantly increased(P<0.01).The Western blotting results showed that compared with 0 h,the expression level of GPX4 protein in the GC-2 cells was significantly decreased after treated with RSL3 for 6 h(P<0.01),and the expression level of HO-1 protein was significantly increased after treated with RSL3 for 12 h(P<0.05);after treated with RSL3 for 12 h,the expression levels of GPX4 and FTH1 proteins were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);after treated with RSL3 for 24 h,the expression levels of GPX4 and HO-1 proteins were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);after treated with RSL3 for 36 and 48 h,the expression levels of HO-1 protein were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Therefore,100 nmol·L-1 RSL3 and for 12 h were selected as the experimental condition for the subsequent experiments.Compared with control group,the MDA level in the GC-2 cells in RSL3 group was significantly increased(P<0.01),and the SOD activity and GSH/GSSG ratio were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with RSL3 group,the SOD activities in the cells in RSL3+0.8 nmol·L-1 DIO group,RSL3+4.0 nmol·L-1 DIO group,RSL3+20.0 nmol·L-1 DIO group,and RSL3+Fer-1 group were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The MDA levels in the cells in RSL3+20.0 nmol·L-1 DIO group and RSL3+Fer-1 group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the GSH/GSSG ratio in the cells in RSL3+4.0 nmol·L-1 DIO group,RSL3+20.0 nmol·L-1 DIO group,and RSL3+Fer-1 group were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The immunofluorescence observation results showed that compared with control group,the fluorescence intensity of ACSL4 protein in the GC-2 cells in RSL3 group was significantly increased;compared with RSL3 group,the fluorescence intensities of ACSL4 protein in the cells in RSL3+0.8 nmol·L-1 DIO group,RSL3+4.0 nmol·L-1 DIO group,RSL3+20.0 nmol·L-1 DIO group,and RSL3+Fer-1 group were significantly decreased.The Western blotting results showed that compared with control group,the expression level of HO-1 protein in the cells in RSL3 group was increased(P<0.05),and the expression levels of GPX4 and FTH1 proteins were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with RSL3 group,the expression levels of HO-1 protein in the cells in RSL3+0.8 nmol·L-1 DIO group,RSL3+4.0 nmol·L-1 DIO group,RSL3+20.0 nmol·L-1 DIO group,and RSL3+Fer-1 group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the expression levels of GPX4 and FTH1 proteins were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:DIO can alleviate the RSL3-induced ferroptosis in the GC-2 spermatocytes of the mice,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of HO-1 protein expression and the upregulation of expressions of GPX4 and FTH1 proteins.