Programmed cell death (PCD) is characterized as a cell death pathway governed by specific gene-encoding requirements, plays crucial roles in the homeostasis and innate immunity of organisms, and serves as both a pathogenic mechanism and a therapeutic target for a variety of human diseases. Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) functions as a cytosolic nucleic acid sensor, utilizing its unique Zα domains to detect endogenous or exogenous nucleic acids and its receptor-interacting protein homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) domains to sense or bind specific signaling molecules, thereby exerting regulatory effects on various forms of PCD. ZBP1 is involved in apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and PANoptosis and interacts with molecules, such as receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), to influence cell fate under various pathological conditions. It plays a crucial role in regulating PCD during infections, inflammatory and neurological diseases, cancers, and other conditions, affecting disease onset and progression. Targeting ZBP1-associated PCD may represent a viable therapeutic strategy for related pathological conditions. This review comprehensively summarizes the regulatory functions of ZBP1 in PCD and its interactions with several closely associated signaling molecules and delineates the diseases linked to ZBP1-mediated PCD, along with the potential therapeutic implications of ZBP1 in these contexts. Ongoing research on ZBP1 is being refined across various disease models, and these advancements may provide novel insights for studies focusing on PCD, potentially leading to new therapeutic options for related diseases.

Objective:To observe any effect of combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with aerobic exercise on the cognitive functioning of early stage Parkinson′s disease (PD) patients.Methods:A total of 120 PD patients in the early stage were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 60. Both groups received conventional drug treatment and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training, while the observation group was additionally provided with high-frequency rTMS treatment. Before and after 3 months of the treatments, everyone′s cognitive and motor functioning was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) and the third part of the Unified Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-Ⅲ), respectively. Negative emotions were evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Auditory event-related potentials were also detected, and the latency and amplitude of P300 were analyzed.Results:The average MoCA, UPDRS-Ⅲ, HAMA and HAMD scores, as well as the amplitude and latency of P300 had improved significantly in both groups after the treatment. At that point the observation group′s performance was significantly better than that of the control group in terms of the MoCA′s visuospatial and executive function, attention and delayed recall indicators, and also total score. The observation group′s average HAMA score (10.55±3.11), HAMD score (9.78±4.10), the P300 amplitude [(11.29±2.21)μV] and latency [(384.75±48.26)ms] were also significantly better. The UPDRS-Ⅲ scores were negatively correlated with the visuospatial and executive function scores of the MoCA scale in the observation group before and after treatment, while the average HAMA score was negatively correlated with the attention and delayed recall scores.Conclusions:Supplementing aerobic exercise with rTMS can significantly improve the cognition and motor functioning of early stage PD patients. The combination is more effective than aerobic exercise alone. Such combined therapy is worthy of popularization and clinical application.

Objective:To observe any effect of combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with aerobic exercise on the cognitive functioning of early stage Parkinson′s disease (PD) patients.Methods:A total of 120 PD patients in the early stage were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 60. Both groups received conventional drug treatment and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training, while the observation group was additionally provided with high-frequency rTMS treatment. Before and after 3 months of the treatments, everyone′s cognitive and motor functioning was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) and the third part of the Unified Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-Ⅲ), respectively. Negative emotions were evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Auditory event-related potentials were also detected, and the latency and amplitude of P300 were analyzed.Results:The average MoCA, UPDRS-Ⅲ, HAMA and HAMD scores, as well as the amplitude and latency of P300 had improved significantly in both groups after the treatment. At that point the observation group′s performance was significantly better than that of the control group in terms of the MoCA′s visuospatial and executive function, attention and delayed recall indicators, and also total score. The observation group′s average HAMA score (10.55±3.11), HAMD score (9.78±4.10), the P300 amplitude [(11.29±2.21)μV] and latency [(384.75±48.26)ms] were also significantly better. The UPDRS-Ⅲ scores were negatively correlated with the visuospatial and executive function scores of the MoCA scale in the observation group before and after treatment, while the average HAMA score was negatively correlated with the attention and delayed recall scores.Conclusions:Supplementing aerobic exercise with rTMS can significantly improve the cognition and motor functioning of early stage PD patients. The combination is more effective than aerobic exercise alone. Such combined therapy is worthy of popularization and clinical application.

In order to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) for children in China, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine initiated the development of this Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for Children with Upper Airway cough Syndrome based on evidence-based medical evidence. This guideline will process registration, write a plan, and develop relevant processes and writing norms, develop and publish official documents. This plan mainly introduces the scope of the guidelines, the purpose and significance, the composition of the guidelines working group, the management of conflicts of interest, the collection, selection and determination of clinical problems, the retrieval, screening and rating of evidence, and the consensus of recommendations. Registration information: This study has been registered in the international practice guidelines registry platform with the registration code of PREPARE-2023CN087.

Objective To understand the changing distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Proteus,Morganella and Providencia in hospitals across China from January 1,2015 to December 31,2021 in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out following the unified CHINET protocol.The results were interpreted in accordance with the breakpoints in the 2021 Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)M100(31 st Edition).Results A total of 32 433 Enterobacterales strains were isolated during the 7-year period,including 24 160 strains of Proteus,6 704 strains of Morganella,and 1 569 strains of Providencia.The overall number of these Enterobacterales isolates increased significantly over the 7-year period.The top 3 specimen source of these strains were urine,lower respiratory tract specimens,and wound secretions.Proteus,Morganella,and Providencia isolates showed lower resistance rates to amikacin,meropenem,cefoxitin,cefepime,cefoperazone-sulbactam,and piperacillin-tazobactam.For most of the antibiotics tested,less than 10％of the Proteus and Morganella strains were resistant,while less than 20％of the Providencia strains were resistant.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE)was 1.4％in Proteus isolates,1.9％in Morganella isolates,and 15.6％in Providencia isolates.Conclusions The overall number of clinical isolates of Proteus,Morganella and Providencia increased significantly in the 7-year period from 2015 to 2021.The prevalence of CRE strains also increased.More attention should be paid to antimicrobial resistance surveillance and rational antibiotic use so as to prevent the emergence and increase of antimicrobial resistance.

Objective:To construct a comprehensive management platform for medical waste based on Internet of Things technique,so as to achieve standardized and refined management for medical waste. Methods:Based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology,automation equipment technique,artificial intelligence (AI) robotics technique,big data,5G communication and other digital techniques,the browser and server (B/S) architecture was adopted to set perception layer,edge computing layer,transmission layer,platform layer,application layer and presentation layer,and to build a comprehensive management platform of medical waste that integrated real-time tracking,monitoring,control and management of the entire process of collection,transportation and disposal for medical waste. Results:The comprehensive management platform for medical waste was designed on the basis of Internet of Things architecture,which consisted of intelligent hardware equipment,business management system of medical waste,and auxiliary decision-making system. It can complete automated classification,identification,sterilization,environmental information collection,operation recording,and automated distribution and transportation of entire process and each stage of collection and processing for medical waste,and can realize traceability of whole course for "zero contact" processing,comprehensive "zero blind spots" monitoring,and full data "one network" analysis of the entire process included each stage from collection to disposal for medical waste. Conclusion:The comprehensive management platform for medical waste based on Internet of Things technique can meet the supervision of full process for the disposal of medical waste,and can improve the daily operational efficiency of management institutions of medical waste,and reduce labor costs.

Objective:To construct a comprehensive management platform for medical waste based on Internet of Things technique,so as to achieve standardized and refined management for medical waste. Methods:Based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology,automation equipment technique,artificial intelligence (AI) robotics technique,big data,5G communication and other digital techniques,the browser and server (B/S) architecture was adopted to set perception layer,edge computing layer,transmission layer,platform layer,application layer and presentation layer,and to build a comprehensive management platform of medical waste that integrated real-time tracking,monitoring,control and management of the entire process of collection,transportation and disposal for medical waste. Results:The comprehensive management platform for medical waste was designed on the basis of Internet of Things architecture,which consisted of intelligent hardware equipment,business management system of medical waste,and auxiliary decision-making system. It can complete automated classification,identification,sterilization,environmental information collection,operation recording,and automated distribution and transportation of entire process and each stage of collection and processing for medical waste,and can realize traceability of whole course for "zero contact" processing,comprehensive "zero blind spots" monitoring,and full data "one network" analysis of the entire process included each stage from collection to disposal for medical waste. Conclusion:The comprehensive management platform for medical waste based on Internet of Things technique can meet the supervision of full process for the disposal of medical waste,and can improve the daily operational efficiency of management institutions of medical waste,and reduce labor costs.

Objective:To explore any effect of supplementing low-frequency repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with intermittent resistance training on muscle tone and the recovery of motor function among persons with Parkinson′s disease (PD).Methods:A total of 104 PD patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 52. Both groups were treated with conventional drugs and low-frequency rTMS, while the observation group was additionally provided with intermittent resistance training for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, the motor functioning of both groups was evaluated using unified Parkinson′s disease rating scale-III (UPDRS-III) and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Limb muscle tension was quantified using the modified Ashworth scale (MAS). The subjects′ psychological states were quantified using the exercise self-efficacy scale (ESE), and the modified Barthel index (MBI) was applied to evaluate their ability in the activities of daily living. A 3D motion processing system collected and analyzed data describing each subject′s gait kinematics.Results:After the intervention, significantly greater average improvement was observed in all of the outcome measures among the observation group compared with the control group.Conclusion:Combining intermittent resistance training with low-frequency rTMS can significantly reduce muscle tone and improve the motor functioning of PD patients. The combination is more effective than low-frequency rTMS alone.

ObjectiveTo establish a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) detection protocol for inbred rats based on multiplex PCR-ligase detection reaction (LDR). MethodsA total of 40 rats SNP sites were selected on chromosomes 1-20 and X of rats among 5 inbred strains of rats, and the 40 SNP sites were randomly divided into four groups. A genetic detection protocol for 4 groups of SNP in inbred rats based on multiplex PCR-LDR technology was constructed. 9 commonly used rat strains from two other domestic rat suppliers were detected by this protocol. Finally, the feasibility of this protocol was verified by comparing the amplification effects of different DNA polymerases by a third-party laboratory. ResultsWhen using the constructed SNP detection protocol for inbred rats to test 5 rat strains, all sites in each sample obtained good amplification results. The 9 commonly used rat strains from two other rat suppliers in china were also well amplified by this SNP detection protocol, and 40 SNPs were homozygous in each Inbred strain. The results of detection of the same rat DNA samples with three different DNA polymerases showed that the Multiplex PCR Kit, AmpliTaq Gold 360 DNA polymerase and Platinum II Taq hot start DNA polymerase had electrophoretic peaks of amplification products at all SNP sites in groups 1 to 3, and Platinum II Taq hot start DNA polymerase had one less electrophoretic peak of the amplification products at the SNP sites in group 4. In addition, inter-laboratory comparisons showed consistent results for the same amplification system. ConclusionBased on multiplex PCR-LDR technology, this study successfully established a SNP detection protocol for rats covering all autosomes and X chromosomes with the excellent stability and repeatability.

The standardization of pediatric Tuina is beneficial to pediatric Tuina practitioners in a norm practices. The paper collects the content from teaching textbooks, TCM ancient books and database literature, and tries to develop the technical specifications of pediatric Tuina by four rounds Delphi surveys and expert consensus. This specification covers the manipulation of pediatric Tuina, the position of acupoints, the effects of acupoints and the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric Tuina, including indications, contraindications, cautious use, operation steps and methods.