Objective: To explore the changes in ribosomal DNA copy number in peripheral blood among patients with pneumoconiosis and its influencing factors, so as to provide insights into prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis. Methods: Eighty-eight patients with pneumoconiosis who visited a designated hospital and 71 community residents with no history of pneumoconiosis or dust exposure were selected as the pneumoconiosis group and control group, and age, smoking history, drinking history and cumulative years of exposure to dust were collected through questionnaire surveys. The copy number of 45S rDNA and 5S rDNA was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the differences between the two groups were compared. Factors affecting the copy number of 45S rDNA and 5S rDNA were identified by a multiple linear regression model. Results: The pneumoconiosis group had a median age of 56.00 (interquartile range, 15.25) and a mean cumulative dust exposure duration of (12.40±8.08) years, with 56.82% smoking and 62.50% drinking. The control group had a median age of 64.00 (interquartile range, 37.00) years, with 32.39% smoking and 26.76% drinking. The median copy number of 45S rDNA in the pneumoconiosis group was 1.29 (interquartile range, 0.59), which was lower than 2.10 (interquartile range, 1.88) in the control group; the median copy number of 5S rDNA in the pneumoconiosis group was 5.33 (interquartile range, 0.85), which was higher than 4.66 (1.34) in the control group (both P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis identified age (β=-0.034) and pneumoconiosis (β=-1.595) as factors affecting 45S rDNA copy number, age (β=-0.013) as a factor affecting 5S rDNA copy number, and age (β=0.018) as a factor affecting 5S rDNA copy number in the pneumoconiosis group (all P<0.05). Conclusions Compared with community residents with no history of pneumoconiosis or dust exposure, the copy number of 45S rDNA in peripheral blood among patients with pneumoconiosis is reduced and the copy number of 5S rDNA is increased.

Objective To isolate and culture neural crest cells(NCCs)from lung tissue of mice and to identify the characteristics of the cells in order to provide a new cell model for studying lung injury and injure repair.Methods The mT/mG dual-fluorescence reporter mice and Wnt1-Cre transgenic mice were hybridized,and mT/mG;Wnt1-Cre transgenic mice were screened to obtain enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)permanently labeled NCCs.Cell suspension of mouse lung tissue was prepared by enzymolysis.EGFP+cells(namely NCCs)were har-vested by flow cytometry.Primary culture was performed with DMEM/F12 culture medium optimized in the labora-tory,NCCs was characterized by immunofluorescence microscopy.Then NCCs differentiation was directed by mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells osteogenic induction.Results The mT/mG of EGFP permanently labeled NCCs was successfully obtained by hybridization and high-purity NCCs were isolated from Wnt1-Cre transgenic mice lung tissue.They can be cultured in vitro and with spindle morphology which was,similar to fibroblast adherent proliferation.NCCs expressed the neural crest stem cell marker Sox10 and induced to differentiate into osteoblasts.Conclusions NCCs isolated and cultured from lung tissue of mT/mG;Wnt1-Cre transgenic mice show stable prolif-eration and have the characteristics of neural crest stem cells,which may function as a potential cell model for re-search on lung tissue injury and the mechanism of repair.

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria are widespread worldwide,with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most obvious,and these bacteria are usually resistant to clinically used antibiotics.In the context of the limited development and application of new drugs,and the unclear effica-cy of combination therapy,this article analyzes the relevant literature on the prevention,single and combina-tion therapy of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection,and delays the occurrence of drug resist-ance through the linkage of prevention and anti-infective therapy in the case of carbapenemase epidemic and increasing antibiotic resistance,so as to provide a new strategy for preventing the spread of drug-resistant bac-teria and anti-infective therapy.

Objective This study aims to discuss the research hotspot and development trend in the field of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)through bibliometric statistics and visual analysis of long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)related studies.Methods Utilizing the Web of Science core database as the literature data source,we searched for PCOS lncRNA-related literature from 2015 to 2023.CiteSpace software was used to conduct a visual analysis,including the annual distribution,citation trends,countries,institutions,funding sources and key words,as well as co-occurrence and cluster analysis of key words.Results The visual analysis of 108 PCOS lncRNA literature revealed that China was the country with the highest number of publications.The first contributing institution was the Shandong University.The national natural science fund of China gave the biggest funding.The keyword cluster analysis suggested that PCOS lncRNA signal pathway regulation,related receptor activators,and the expression of regulatory factors were the research hotspots in ovary syndrome lncRNA research.Conclusion LncRNA related regulatory factors,bioinformatics analysis,and gene transcription in PCOS are new targetsfor PCOS treatment,providing valuable insights for clinical therapy and new strategies for the development of PCOS-related pharmaceuticals.

Objective To understand the changing distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Proteus,Morganella and Providencia in hospitals across China from January 1,2015 to December 31,2021 in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out following the unified CHINET protocol.The results were interpreted in accordance with the breakpoints in the 2021 Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)M100(31 st Edition).Results A total of 32 433 Enterobacterales strains were isolated during the 7-year period,including 24 160 strains of Proteus,6 704 strains of Morganella,and 1 569 strains of Providencia.The overall number of these Enterobacterales isolates increased significantly over the 7-year period.The top 3 specimen source of these strains were urine,lower respiratory tract specimens,and wound secretions.Proteus,Morganella,and Providencia isolates showed lower resistance rates to amikacin,meropenem,cefoxitin,cefepime,cefoperazone-sulbactam,and piperacillin-tazobactam.For most of the antibiotics tested,less than 10％of the Proteus and Morganella strains were resistant,while less than 20％of the Providencia strains were resistant.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE)was 1.4％in Proteus isolates,1.9％in Morganella isolates,and 15.6％in Providencia isolates.Conclusions The overall number of clinical isolates of Proteus,Morganella and Providencia increased significantly in the 7-year period from 2015 to 2021.The prevalence of CRE strains also increased.More attention should be paid to antimicrobial resistance surveillance and rational antibiotic use so as to prevent the emergence and increase of antimicrobial resistance.

Objective: To establish a convenient non-invasive tracheal perfusion method for constructing a mouse model of silicosis-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: The specific pathogen-free C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group and model group, with 15 mice in each group. After anesthesia, a 22G arteriovenous indwelling needle was used to inset into the trachea through the mice's mouth. The model group mice were perfused with 0.1 mL of silica suspension with a mass concentration of 25 g/L, and the mice in the control group were perfused with an equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. On the 7th, 14th, and 30th day after modeling, the body weight of the mice was measured, and the lung tissue morphology and pathological changes were observed. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1) protein in lung tissue of mice was detected by immunofluorescence on the 30th day after modeling. Results: There was no death of mice in the two groups during the experiment. There was no significant difference in body weight between the two groups (P>0.05). The lung tissues of the mice in the model group were pinkish-gray and uneven in color on the 7th and 14th days after dust exposure. On the 30th day after dust exposure, the lung tissue of the mice in the model group was gray and hard, and unevenly distributed silicon nodules were visible by the naked eyes. The histopathology results of lung tissue showed that compared with the mice in control group, the model group mice exhibited persistent aggravation of pulmonary inflammation, thickening of alveolar septum, infiltration of inflammatory cells gradually clustering into clumps, and an increasing number of fibrous foci.On the 30th day after dust exposure, the relative expression of α-SMA and COL1A1 proteins in the lung of the model group was higher than those in the control group (median： 72.59 vs 5.91, 35.62 vs 10.07, both P<0.05). Conclusion: The method of tracheal perfusion silica suspension of mice using 22G arteriovenous indwelling needle can successfully construct an animal model of silicosis fibrosis. This method is convenient, safe and effective, and is worth promoting.

Objective:To quantitatively analyze the protein expression changes of the optic nerve in an SD rat model of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), and to make bioinformatics analysis of the differential proteins.Methods:Ten 8-week-old SPF male SD rats with a body mass of 200-250 g were selected.The NAION model was established using the method of rose bengal and laser photodynamics.Four from the 8 rats with successful model were selected as the NAION model group.Another 4 body weight- and age-matched healthy SD rats without eye diseases were taken as the normal control group.The optic nerve was dissected on the 7th day after modeling.The samples were prepared by the enzyme digestion method, and the proteins were identified and quantitatively detected by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification labeling combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.The proteins with expression fold greater than 1.5 times and significant differences between the two groups ( P<0.05) were defined as differentially expressed proteins and analyzed by bioinformatics.The use and care of animals complied with Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by the State Science and Technology Commission of China.The study protocol was approved by an Animal Ethical and Welfare Committee of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital (No.TJYY2021041029). Results:Three days after modeling, the optic disc of rats was swollen and fluorescein leakage in the optic disc was detected in fluorescein fundus angiography images in the NAION model group, which indicated the model was established successfully.A total of 1 291 quantifiable proteins including 80 differentially expressed proteins were identified.Compared with the normal control group, there were 5 up-regulated proteins and 75 down-regulated proteins.The expression levels of collagen alpha-1(V) chain (Col5A1), cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta (Prkacb) and disks large homolog 1(Dlg1) were increased, and the expression levels of neurofilament medium polypeptide (Nefm), microtubule-associated protein 1B (Map1b), Ras-related protein Ral-A (Rala), serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 (Pkn2) and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB subunit beta (Pafah1b1) were decreased.Differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in the biological processes, including regulation of the cytoskeleton, cellular response to hypoxia, axon production and extension, regulation of synapse, regulation of neuron apoptosis and axo-dendritic transport, etc.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in metabolic pathways, synaptic vesicle circulation and platelet activation.Conclusions:The expression of proteins related to signal pathways such as nerve growth, energy metabolism, axo-dendritic transport and apoptosis is involved in the apoptosis of neurons in NAION.

Objective:To investigate the urodynamic characteristics in Parkinson's disease(PD)versus multiple system atrophy(MSA)patients with lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS).Methods:We performed a retrospective study in PD and MSA patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and undergone urodynamic examinations from January 2016 to June 2019.A total of 178 patients, mean age(59.2±9.7)years were enrolled, with 64 PD patients, 74 MSA patients and 40 normal controls.Urodynamic parameters included maximum flow rate(Qmax), post-voided residual urine volume(PVR), bladder compliance(BC), overactive bladder(OAB), maximum cystometric capacity(MCC)and detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate(PdetQmax). Bladder function was assessed.Results:Frequent urination(68.8%)was the most common LUTS in PD patients, as opposed to urinary retention(91.9%)in MSA patients.The Qmax, PdetQmax and incidence of OAB were higher and the PVR were lower in PD patients than in MSA patients [free-flow(FF)-Qmax: (13.5±7.1)ml/s vs.(10.1±5.2)ml/s, U=26.98, P<0.01]; pressure-flow study(PFS)-Qmax: [(13.6±5.7)ml/s vs.(10.5±3.3)ml/s, U=34.90, P<0.01]; PFS-PdetQmax: [(23.9±11.3)cm H 2O vs.(16.3±8.6)cmH 2O, U=35.04, P<0.01]; OAB: (46.9% vs.27.0%, χ2=5.85, P<0.01); FF-PVR: [(30.4±20.0)ml vs.(161.7±79.8)ml, U=-71.81, P<0.01]; PFS-PVR: [(65.9±30.7)ml vs.(212.6±83.0)ml, U=-65.29, P<0.01]. Compared with the control group, the incidences of OAB and PFS-PVR were increased and the MCC and PdetQmax were decreased in the PD group(OAB: 46.9% vs.7.5%, χ2=6.15, P<0.018); PFS-PVR: [(65.9±30.7)ml vs.(22.2±10.4)ml, U=47.25, P<0.01]; MCC: [(305.1±79.7)ml vs.(389.6±65.2)ml, U=-52.13, P<0.01]; PdetQmax: [(23.9±11.3)cmH 2O vs.(37.3±10.3)cmH 2O, U=-49.88, P<0.01]. Compared also with the control group, the MSA group had a lower Qmax, PdetQmax and MCC, FF-Qmax: [(10.1±5.2)ml/s vs.(16.3±4.7)ml/s, U=-50.11, P<0.01]; PFS-Qmax: [(10.5±3.3)ml/s vs.(13.1±5.0)ml/s, U=-27.54, P<0.05]; PdetQmax: [(16.3±8.6)cmH 2O vs.(37.3±10.3)cmH 2O, U=-84.92, P<0.01]; MCC: [(284.3±71.8)ml vs.(389.6±65.2)ml, U=-39.31, P<0.01], a higher PVR, lower bladder compliance(BC)and a higher incidence of OAB(FF-PVR: [(161.7±79.8)ml vs.(22.0±13.0)ml, U=84.82, P<0.01]; PFS-PVR: [(212.6±83.0)ml vs.(22.2±10.4)ml, U=112.54, P<0.01]; BC: (28.4% vs.7.5%, χ2=6.81, P<0.01); OAB: (27.0% vs.7.5%, χ2=17.62, P<0.01). Conclusions:PD and MSA patients with LUTS have bladder dysfunction.MSA patients have more serious bladder dysfunction than PD patients.

Objective To investigate the incidence situation of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD),and analyze the correlation between MS and prognosis of patients.Methods The patients who received peritoneal dialysis from June 1,2002 to April 30,2018 and followed up regularly were divided into MS group and non-MS group according to the diagnostic criteria of MS.Follow-up was until July 31,2018.The differences of clinical data,metabolic indexes and clinical outcomes between the two groups were compared.The survival rates of the two groups were compared by Kaplan-Meier survival curve,and the risk factors of all-cause death and cardiovascular disease (CVD) death were analyzed by Cox regression analysis.Results A total of 516 patients with CAPD were enrolled in this study,including 340 males (65.9％)and 176 females (34.1％).Their age was (47.29± 12.20) years.The median follow-up time was 20 (9,39) months.According to the diagnostic criteria of MS,the patients were divided into MS group (210 cases,40.7％) and non-MS group (306 cases,59.3％).At baseline,there was no significant difference in age,educational background,duration of peritoneal dialysis,smoking history and drinking history between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05),but the patients in MS group were more exposed to high glucose peritoneal dialysate (P ＜ 0.05).The body mass index (BMI),blood phosphorus,blood glucose,blood potassium,triglyceride,cholesterol and systolic blood pressure in MS group were significantly higher than those in non-MS group (all P ＜ 0.05),and HDL-C level was significantly lower in MS group than in non-MS group (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in other indicators between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the cumulative survival rate in MS group was significantly lower than that in non-MS group,and the difference was statistically significant (Log-rank x2=14.87,P ＜ 0.001).If CVD death was taken as the end event,the cumulative survival rate in the non-MS group was significantly higher than that in the MS group (Log-rank x2=14.49,P ＜ 0.001).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that MS and high 4 h dialysate creatinine/serum creatinine ratio (4hD/Pcr) were independent risk factor for all-cause death (HR=1.982,95％CI 1.240-3.168,P=0.004;HR=3.855,95％CI 1.306-11.381,P=0.015) and CVD death (HR=2.499,95％CI 1.444-4.324,P=0.001;HR=5.799,95％ CI 1.658-20.278,P=0.006) in patients with CAPD.Conclusion The prevalence of MS in patients with CAPD is high,and MS and high 4hD/Pcr are independent risk factor for all-cause and CVD death in CAPD patients.They can be used as valuable indicators to predict the treatment outcomes and long-term prognosis of patients with CAPD.

Objective To investigate the association of red cell distribution width (RDW) with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 207 patients who initiated CAPD for more than 3 months between July 2005 and March 2016 in the First Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University.Baseline data on demographic,clinical and biochemical variables as well as comorbidities were obtained;medications and clinic outcomes were recorded.According to receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis,patients were divided into high RDW (RDW ＞ 15.1％) and low RDW (RDW≤ 15.1％) groups.The data of two groups were compared and Spearman's correlation analysis was used to explore the association of RDW with clinical and biochemical parameters.Survival curves were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method.Cox regression model was employed to analyze risk factors of all-cause and CVD-related mortality.Results In this study,207 CAPD patients were enrolled.The overall median survival time was 80 months.And the median survival time of high RDW group (68 patients) and low RDW group (139 patients) were 59 months and 96 months,respectively.There were statistical differences in diastole pressure,hemoglobin,hematocrit,serum albumin,intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH),eGFR,cholesterol,lipoprotein a,4-hour dialysate-to-plasma ratio for creatinine (4hD/Pcr),total Ccr (P ＜ 0.05,respectively);the two groups also varied in the proportion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,cardiovascular disease and hyperlipidemia,as well as in the use of iron supplements,angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers (ARB),and beta-receptor blockers (P＜0.05,respectively).Cardiovascular event was a leading cause of mortality.Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the high RDW group had higher all-cause and CVD-related mortality compared with the low RDW group (P ＜ 0.01).The 1-year,3-year,and 5-year patient survivals of the high RDW and low RDW group were 87.97％ vs 97.01％,58.02％ vs 81.53％,and 41.62％ vs 67.96％,respectively,demonstrating significant differences (P=0.001).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high RDW was independent risk factor for all-cause mortality (HR=1.212,95％CI:1.007-1.458,P=0.042) and CVD-related mortality (HR=1.697,95％ CI:1.030-2.795,P=0.038).Conclusion RDW is associated with mortality risks in CAPD patients and can be stratified as a valuable indicator for the risk of death.