Objective To explore the regularity of prescriptions for epidemic disease in Taiping Huimin Heji Ju Fang based on the latent structure model and association rules analysis,and to provide references for modern epidemic treatment.Methods Prescriptions for epidemic diseases were extracted from Taiping Huimin Heji Ju Fang.A high-frequency herb matrix(frequency≥10)was constructed,and high-frequency herbs were analyzed using MicrosoftExcel 2016,Lantern 5.0,and IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 for efficacy classification,property/flavor/channel tropism statistics,latent structure modeling,and association rule analysis.Results Among the 200 collected herbal prescriptions,46 high-frequency medicinal materials were identified,such as licorice,fresh ginger,dried ginger,poriae,and ginseng.The top 3 drugs efficacy were tonifying deficiency,relieving surface and warming inner.The medicinal properties were mainly warm,and the medicinal flavors were pungent,bitter,and sweet.The meridian tropisms mainly included the spleen meridian,lung meridian and stomach meridian.The analysis of latent structure model suggested that there were 8 types of common symptoms of epidemic disease,such as wind evil attack exterior,wind-cold-dampness,wind-heat,excess-heat in triple energizer,dampness inhibits qi stagnation,yang deficiency,blockage and spleen-qi deficiency.Theanalysis of association rules obtained licorice-ephedra and licorice-atractylodes,which with a core of licorice medicine,and the 16 association rules such as dried ginger-cinnamon,pericarpium citri reticulatae-mangnolia officinalis and poriae-ginseng-atractylodes macrocephala after eliminating ginger,jujube and licorice.Conclusion Most of the medicines used in the treatment of epidemic diseases in Taiping Huimin Heji Ju Fang are pungent,bitter and dispelling evil,the treatment should follow the principle of dispelling evil,warming yang to dissipate cold,dispelling dampness,clearing heat and expelling fire,inducing resuscitation,supporting the right and supplementing deficiency,which embodies the treatment principle of dispelling evil and supporting right,and provides reference and ideas for the treatment of clinical diseases based on syndrome differentiation.

BACKGROUND:The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease has been steadily rising,accompanied by a lack of definitive therapeutic strategies.Recent research endeavors have illuminated the promising potential of mesenchymal stem cells in mitigating the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease,offering a glimmer of hope for afflicted patients.OBJECTIVE:To review the mechanisms of action of mesenchymal stem cells derived from various sources in the management of inflammatory bowel disease,aiming to provide insights for future research endeavors.METHODS:Utilizing the keywords"mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs,exosomes,extracellular vesicles,EVs,inflammatory bowel disease,IBD,ulcerative colitis,UC,Crohn's disease,CD"in English and their Chinese equivalents in CNKI and PubMed databases,a total of 89 eligible articles were selected for this review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Currently,six types of mesenchymal stem cells are being explored for inflammatory bowel disease therapy:bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells,adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells,perinatal tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells,embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells,and gingival mesenchymal stem cells.Five administration routes have been adopted,with intravenous and intraperitoneal injections being the most prevalent,followed by local,mesenteric,and intra rectal injections.Their therapeutic mechanisms encompass differentiation,regeneration,anti-inflammatory effects,immune modulation,neuroprotection,antioxidant stress response,homing,modulation of gut microbiota,autophagy,ferroptosis,and endoplasmic reticulum stress.While sharing functional similarities,mesenchymal stem cells from different sources exhibit unique characteristics that confer them with distinct advantages and therapeutic potentials.Nevertheless,research into the specific properties of these mesenchymal stem cells remains limited,necessitating deeper exploration of their nuanced differences to optimize their therapeutic efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease.Additionally,the clinical safety of mesenchymal stem cells-based therapies warrants further observation and evaluation.

Objective To investigate the current status and characteristics of registered clinical trials on TCM interventions for sepsis;To provide references for relevant clinical trial registrations.Methods Clinical trials on TCM interventions for sepsis registered in the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform(WHO ICTRP)and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(ChiCTR)from inception to June 2024 were retrieved.Data on registration time,registry centers,regions,institutions,participating centers,funding sources,trial design,phase,sample size,randomization methods,blinding,interventions,disease types,and outcome measures were analyzed using Excel 16.0.Results A total of 118 TCM intervention trials for sepsis were included,registered regions involving Guangdong,Jiangsu,and Shanghai,with institutions including Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine,Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Most trials were single-center studies(94,79.66%),funded primarily by hospitals(38)and local governments(36).The majority were interventional studies(105,88.98%),with phases concentrated in pilot/exploratory studies and Phase Ⅳ trials(52).Sample sizes were mostly 60-99 cases(51).Randomized controlled trials predominantly used simple randomization(65)and double-blinding(22).Interventions mainly included empirical formulas,Chinese patent medicines,and classical prescriptions,targeting conditions such as gastrointestinal dysfunction and lung injury,with primary outcomes including SOFA,APACHE Ⅱ,and mortality rate.Conclusion The number of TCM registered clinical trials for sepsis has generally increased.There are some problems,such as uneven distribution of test areas,poor standardization and integrity of registration information,and the advantages and characteristics of TCM need to be further highlighted.

Objective:To analyze the trends of preterm birth among women of advanced maternal age in Haidian District, Beijing from 2013 to 2022.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the birth registration data in Haidian District, Beijing, from January 2013 to December 2022, focusing on the records of women aged ≥35 who delivered between 22 and 44 weeks of gestation. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the time trends of preterm birth rates among women of advanced maternal age in the Haidian District. Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was applied to quantitatively evaluate the transient and long-term effects of China's universal two-child policy on the preterm birth rate among women of advanced maternal age.Results:(1) A total of 70 640 birth registration records from 68 587 women were finally included. The number of women giving birth peaked between 2016 and 2018 (8 158, 9 906, and 8 914 cases, respectively). The proportion of permanent residents in Beijing gradually decreased from 53.7% (2 175/4 049) in 2013 to 42.0% (4 160/9 906) in 2017 and then increased to over 98% between 2019 and 2022 [98.8% (7 828/7 925), 99.1% (6 283/6 340), 99.3% (5 970/6 014), and 99.5% (6 371/6 404), respectively]. (2) Among the 68 587 women, 57 339 (83.6%) were delivered at tertiary hospitals, and 35 496 (51.8%) were delivered by cesarean section. The proportion of multiple births increased slowly from 2.4% (236/9 906) in 2017 to 3.5% (225/6 404) in 2022. From 2013 to 2015, primiparous women accounted for the majority. Subsequently, the proportion of multiparous women increased annually, reaching 71.6% (6 385/8 914) in 2018 before gradually decreasing to 56.2% (3 600/6 404) in 2022. (3) A total of 70 640 live births were delivered. The highest number of deliveries was in 2017, with 10 139 cases. From 2013 to 2022, 36 995 male infants and 33 645 female infants were born, with preterm birth rates of 10.6% (3 914/36 995) and 9.4% (3 123/33 645), respectively. (4) Among the 70 640 infants, there were 124 extremely preterm infants (0.2%), 773 very preterm infants (1.1%), and 6 140 late preterm infants (8.7%), accounting for 1.8%, 11.0%, and 87.3% of all preterm infants (7 037 cases), respectively. (5) The optimal fitting results of Joinpoint regression indicated that the preterm birth rate showed a declining trend from 2013 to 2017 ( APC=－4.4%, 95% CI: -13.0% to -0.2%); with 2017 as the turning point, the preterm birth rate exhibited an upward trend from 2017 to 2022 ( APC=4.5%, 95% CI: 1.6% to 13.0%). (6) The results of ITS analysis revealed that the preterm birth rate instantly decreased by 0.79% ( β2=－0.79, P=0.026) in the month when the universal two-child policy took effect. In comparison, it increased by an average of 0.03% per month ( β3=0.07, P=0.001) after the implementation of the policy. After adjusting for the proportion of multiple births, the preterm birth rate significantly decreased before the policy took effect ( β1=－0.06, P=0.003), but increased by an average of 0.01% per month ( β3=0.07, P<0.001) after the policy took effect. There was no statistical significance in the transient impact of the policy on the preterm birth rate in this district ( β2=0.80, P=0.145). Conclusions:From 2013 to 2022, the preterm birth rates among women of advanced maternal age in Haidian District exhibit a "V"-shaped pattern with the implementation of the two-child policy as the turning point. It is necessary to continue strengthening maternal health care for women of advanced maternal age and ensure the targeted provision of related services to address the issue of increased preterm birth rates following the enforcement of the two-child policy.

BACKGROUND:The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease has been steadily rising,accompanied by a lack of definitive therapeutic strategies.Recent research endeavors have illuminated the promising potential of mesenchymal stem cells in mitigating the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease,offering a glimmer of hope for afflicted patients.OBJECTIVE:To review the mechanisms of action of mesenchymal stem cells derived from various sources in the management of inflammatory bowel disease,aiming to provide insights for future research endeavors.METHODS:Utilizing the keywords"mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs,exosomes,extracellular vesicles,EVs,inflammatory bowel disease,IBD,ulcerative colitis,UC,Crohn's disease,CD"in English and their Chinese equivalents in CNKI and PubMed databases,a total of 89 eligible articles were selected for this review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Currently,six types of mesenchymal stem cells are being explored for inflammatory bowel disease therapy:bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells,adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells,perinatal tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells,embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells,and gingival mesenchymal stem cells.Five administration routes have been adopted,with intravenous and intraperitoneal injections being the most prevalent,followed by local,mesenteric,and intra rectal injections.Their therapeutic mechanisms encompass differentiation,regeneration,anti-inflammatory effects,immune modulation,neuroprotection,antioxidant stress response,homing,modulation of gut microbiota,autophagy,ferroptosis,and endoplasmic reticulum stress.While sharing functional similarities,mesenchymal stem cells from different sources exhibit unique characteristics that confer them with distinct advantages and therapeutic potentials.Nevertheless,research into the specific properties of these mesenchymal stem cells remains limited,necessitating deeper exploration of their nuanced differences to optimize their therapeutic efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease.Additionally,the clinical safety of mesenchymal stem cells-based therapies warrants further observation and evaluation.

Objective To explore the regularity of prescriptions for epidemic disease in Taiping Huimin Heji Ju Fang based on the latent structure model and association rules analysis,and to provide references for modern epidemic treatment.Methods Prescriptions for epidemic diseases were extracted from Taiping Huimin Heji Ju Fang.A high-frequency herb matrix(frequency≥10)was constructed,and high-frequency herbs were analyzed using MicrosoftExcel 2016,Lantern 5.0,and IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 for efficacy classification,property/flavor/channel tropism statistics,latent structure modeling,and association rule analysis.Results Among the 200 collected herbal prescriptions,46 high-frequency medicinal materials were identified,such as licorice,fresh ginger,dried ginger,poriae,and ginseng.The top 3 drugs efficacy were tonifying deficiency,relieving surface and warming inner.The medicinal properties were mainly warm,and the medicinal flavors were pungent,bitter,and sweet.The meridian tropisms mainly included the spleen meridian,lung meridian and stomach meridian.The analysis of latent structure model suggested that there were 8 types of common symptoms of epidemic disease,such as wind evil attack exterior,wind-cold-dampness,wind-heat,excess-heat in triple energizer,dampness inhibits qi stagnation,yang deficiency,blockage and spleen-qi deficiency.Theanalysis of association rules obtained licorice-ephedra and licorice-atractylodes,which with a core of licorice medicine,and the 16 association rules such as dried ginger-cinnamon,pericarpium citri reticulatae-mangnolia officinalis and poriae-ginseng-atractylodes macrocephala after eliminating ginger,jujube and licorice.Conclusion Most of the medicines used in the treatment of epidemic diseases in Taiping Huimin Heji Ju Fang are pungent,bitter and dispelling evil,the treatment should follow the principle of dispelling evil,warming yang to dissipate cold,dispelling dampness,clearing heat and expelling fire,inducing resuscitation,supporting the right and supplementing deficiency,which embodies the treatment principle of dispelling evil and supporting right,and provides reference and ideas for the treatment of clinical diseases based on syndrome differentiation.

Objective To investigate the current status and characteristics of registered clinical trials on TCM interventions for sepsis;To provide references for relevant clinical trial registrations.Methods Clinical trials on TCM interventions for sepsis registered in the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform(WHO ICTRP)and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(ChiCTR)from inception to June 2024 were retrieved.Data on registration time,registry centers,regions,institutions,participating centers,funding sources,trial design,phase,sample size,randomization methods,blinding,interventions,disease types,and outcome measures were analyzed using Excel 16.0.Results A total of 118 TCM intervention trials for sepsis were included,registered regions involving Guangdong,Jiangsu,and Shanghai,with institutions including Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine,Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Most trials were single-center studies(94,79.66%),funded primarily by hospitals(38)and local governments(36).The majority were interventional studies(105,88.98%),with phases concentrated in pilot/exploratory studies and Phase Ⅳ trials(52).Sample sizes were mostly 60-99 cases(51).Randomized controlled trials predominantly used simple randomization(65)and double-blinding(22).Interventions mainly included empirical formulas,Chinese patent medicines,and classical prescriptions,targeting conditions such as gastrointestinal dysfunction and lung injury,with primary outcomes including SOFA,APACHE Ⅱ,and mortality rate.Conclusion The number of TCM registered clinical trials for sepsis has generally increased.There are some problems,such as uneven distribution of test areas,poor standardization and integrity of registration information,and the advantages and characteristics of TCM need to be further highlighted.

Objective:To analyze the trends of preterm birth among women of advanced maternal age in Haidian District, Beijing from 2013 to 2022.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the birth registration data in Haidian District, Beijing, from January 2013 to December 2022, focusing on the records of women aged ≥35 who delivered between 22 and 44 weeks of gestation. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the time trends of preterm birth rates among women of advanced maternal age in the Haidian District. Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was applied to quantitatively evaluate the transient and long-term effects of China's universal two-child policy on the preterm birth rate among women of advanced maternal age.Results:(1) A total of 70 640 birth registration records from 68 587 women were finally included. The number of women giving birth peaked between 2016 and 2018 (8 158, 9 906, and 8 914 cases, respectively). The proportion of permanent residents in Beijing gradually decreased from 53.7% (2 175/4 049) in 2013 to 42.0% (4 160/9 906) in 2017 and then increased to over 98% between 2019 and 2022 [98.8% (7 828/7 925), 99.1% (6 283/6 340), 99.3% (5 970/6 014), and 99.5% (6 371/6 404), respectively]. (2) Among the 68 587 women, 57 339 (83.6%) were delivered at tertiary hospitals, and 35 496 (51.8%) were delivered by cesarean section. The proportion of multiple births increased slowly from 2.4% (236/9 906) in 2017 to 3.5% (225/6 404) in 2022. From 2013 to 2015, primiparous women accounted for the majority. Subsequently, the proportion of multiparous women increased annually, reaching 71.6% (6 385/8 914) in 2018 before gradually decreasing to 56.2% (3 600/6 404) in 2022. (3) A total of 70 640 live births were delivered. The highest number of deliveries was in 2017, with 10 139 cases. From 2013 to 2022, 36 995 male infants and 33 645 female infants were born, with preterm birth rates of 10.6% (3 914/36 995) and 9.4% (3 123/33 645), respectively. (4) Among the 70 640 infants, there were 124 extremely preterm infants (0.2%), 773 very preterm infants (1.1%), and 6 140 late preterm infants (8.7%), accounting for 1.8%, 11.0%, and 87.3% of all preterm infants (7 037 cases), respectively. (5) The optimal fitting results of Joinpoint regression indicated that the preterm birth rate showed a declining trend from 2013 to 2017 ( APC=－4.4%, 95% CI: -13.0% to -0.2%); with 2017 as the turning point, the preterm birth rate exhibited an upward trend from 2017 to 2022 ( APC=4.5%, 95% CI: 1.6% to 13.0%). (6) The results of ITS analysis revealed that the preterm birth rate instantly decreased by 0.79% ( β2=－0.79, P=0.026) in the month when the universal two-child policy took effect. In comparison, it increased by an average of 0.03% per month ( β3=0.07, P=0.001) after the implementation of the policy. After adjusting for the proportion of multiple births, the preterm birth rate significantly decreased before the policy took effect ( β1=－0.06, P=0.003), but increased by an average of 0.01% per month ( β3=0.07, P<0.001) after the policy took effect. There was no statistical significance in the transient impact of the policy on the preterm birth rate in this district ( β2=0.80, P=0.145). Conclusions:From 2013 to 2022, the preterm birth rates among women of advanced maternal age in Haidian District exhibit a "V"-shaped pattern with the implementation of the two-child policy as the turning point. It is necessary to continue strengthening maternal health care for women of advanced maternal age and ensure the targeted provision of related services to address the issue of increased preterm birth rates following the enforcement of the two-child policy.

OBJECTIVE To distinguish Anoectochilus roxburghii and relative species by near infrared(NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics, and to establish a prediction model for rapid determine polysaccharides contents in Anoectochilus roxburghii. METHODS The NIR spectroscopy of Anoectochilus roxburghii, Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata and Ludisia discolor were collected. The prepossessing of original spectrum was optimization through accuracy of classification in the NIR model, and six supervised pattern recognition algorithms such as decision tree, K-nearest neighbor algorithm, random forest, partial least squares regression discriminant analysis, linear discriminant analysis and support vector machine(SVM) were applied to identify effect of the classification effect, optimum algorithm and then establish qualitative model. The content of polysaccharides in 76 batches of Anoectochilus roxburghii samples were examined by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry combined with phenol sulfuric acid method. In order to select optimization algorithm, six quantitative stoichiometry algorithms consisted of SVM, extreme learning machines, decision trees, random forests, principal component regression and partial least squares regression(PLS) were used to connect polysaccharide content and the NIR spectroscopy in Anoectochilus roxburghii respectively. The best method for determining the content of Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharides was further optimized by spectra pretreatment, band selection and number of band variables based on successive projection algorithm(SPA). RESULTS The NIR discriminant analysis model was established by SVM with SNV+SG+2ndD, and the classification accuracy was best. The prediction performance was evaluated based on the radial basis kernel function algorithm combined with confusion matrix and ROC curve, and the model performance was good. In addition, the quantitative analysis model was constructed by continuous projection-partial least squares by the prepossessing of SNV+SG+2ndD and the optimal band of 7 000-4 000 cm-1 with 97 of variables number. The accuracy was 0.992, which was the highest. The root mean square error calibration set, correlation coefficient of calibration set, and the root mean square error in validation set, correlation coefficient of validation set were 0.625, 0.993, 0.767, 0.992, separately. The prediction deviation was 8.467, and relative deviation of prediction set was less than 10%. CONCLUSION The established NIR-SVM qualitative model and SPA-PLS quantitative model are accurate and reliable, which are enable to identify Anoectochilus roxburghii and determine polysaccharide content nondestructively. It is a new and promising method for rapid evaluation of Anoectochilus roxburghii quality.

Objective:To investigate the variation characteristics and influencing factors of HIV/AIDS subtypes in Wuxi city of Jiangsu Province from 2014 to 2016.Methods:HIV/AIDS population in Wuxi city in 2014 was selected as the research object, and the HIV molecular epidemiology and follow-up study were carried out. Collect epidemiological information, extract DNA from blood samples, amplify pol gene fragment by nest-PCR and sequence, use ChromasPro 1.6 software and MEGA 7.0 software to construct the HIV-1 sequence database, and use FastTree2.1.10 software to construct the phylogenetic tree to confirm the subtype; in 2016, the same population was followed up, and the HIV subtype variation was analyzed, and the influencing factors of subtype variation were explored by multivariate logistic regression. Results:A total of 612 HIV/AIDS cases in 2014 and 2016 were collected. The age of the subjects was mainly 30 years old or above (85.46%, 523/612), and the proportion of people over 50 years old was higher (228/612, 37.25%). The main route of transmission was homosexuality, accounting for 49.67%. A total of 1224 samples were detected and CRF01 _ AE、CRF07_ BC、B、CRF08_ BC、CRF67_ 01B、CRF55_ 01B、CRF68_ 01B, 7 subtypes of HIV-1 and 5 unique recombinant types (URFs) was detected. CRF01_ AE and CRF07_ BC was still the main genotype in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, accounting for 66.75%. There were 29 cases (3.56%) of URFs recombinant strains. During 2014-2016, the variation rate of subtypes was 14.63%, and the most common variation was CRF01_ AE changes to CRF07_ BC(13.95%). Marital status (OR=0.363, 95% CI: 0.137-0.964) and baseline CD4 level (OR=0.414, 95% CI: 0.192-0.891) were associated with subtype variation.Conclusions:The HIV-1 subtypes of HIV/AIDS patients in Wuxi city are diverse and complex, the proportion of recombinant subtypes is rising, the URFs that are difficult to determine the genotype increase significantly, and the variation rate of HIV-1 subtypes among HIV/AIDS infected people is high. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of HIV-1 subtypes.