Objective To analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of and trends in the disease burden of dengue fever in China from 2005 to 2024, so as to provide insights into formulation of dengue fever control strategies. Methods Data pertaining to dengue fever cases in China from 2005 to 2024 were retrieved from the Infectious Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and city population, gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita, and consumer price index in China were captured from the China Statistical Yearbook, National Bureau of Statistics of China, the China City Statistical Yearbook, and bureaus of statistics in each city. The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) due to dengue fever were calculated in China from 2005 to 2024. The direct and indirect economic burdens of dengue fever were estimated to calculate the total economic burden. The trends in the disease burden of dengue fever were estimated in China from 2005 to 2024 using a Joinpoint regression model with the software Joinpoint 4.9.0.0, and the average annual percent change (AAPC) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. In addition, the DALYs rate and economic burden of dengue fever in China were subjected to global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses using the software ArcGIS 10.8. Results The gross DALYs due to dengue fever were 5 558 person-years in China from 2005 to 2024, and the DALYs of dengue fever increased from 36 person-years in 2005 to 899 person-years in 2024, with an increase of 23.97 folds. The average annual DALYs rate of dengue fever was 0.02 person-years/10⁵ in China during the 20-year study period from 2005 to 2024, and the DALYs rate peaked in 2014 (0.13 person-years/10⁵) and reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2022. YLDs were the main contributor of DALYs due to dengue fever in China from 2005 to 2024, with a total of 5 354 person-years, accounting for 96.33% (5 354 person-years/5 558 person-years) of the gross DALYs. The gross DALYs of dengue fever were 2 982 person-years among men (53.66%) and 2 575 person-years among women (46.34%) in China from 2005 to 2024, and high DALYs of dengue fever were measured among residents at ages of 15 to 30 years (1 639 person-years), 30 to 45 years (1 857 person-years), and 45 to 60 years (1 204 person-years), respectively, accounting for 84.56% (4 700 person-years/5 558 person-years) of total DALYs due to dengue fever in China. The total economic burden of dengue fever was estimated to be 612 million Yuan in China from 2005 to 2024, with an average annual economic burden of 30.584 million Yuan. The economic burden of dengue fever increased from 196 000 Yuan in 2005 to 121 million Yuan in 2024 in China, with an increase of 616.35 folds, and the per capita economic burden increased from 3 322.21 Yuan in 2005 to 4 940.01 Yuan in 2024, with an increase of 48.70%. Dengue fever cases were reported in 274 cities (counties) across 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in China from 2005 to 2024, with relatively higher DALYs in Guangdong Province and Yunnan Province. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that the disease burden of dengue fever appeared positive aggregation in Chinese cities (counties) from 2005 to 2024 (global Moran’s I = 0.045, Z = 2.24, P < 0.05), with high-high clusters mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta region in Guangdong Province and Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture and Pu’er City in Yunnan Province, and the total economic burden (global Moran’s I = 0.032, Z = 9.55, P < 0.001), per capita economic burden (global Moran’s I = 0.208, Z = 27.34, P < 0.001), and the proportion of total economic burdens in GDP in 2024 (global Moran’s I = 0.017, Z = 5.91, P < 0.001) all presented positive aggregation, with relatively higher total economic burdens mainly concentrated in Guangdong Province and Yunnan Province. Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the gross DALYs rates of dengue fever appeared an overall tendency towards a rise in China from 2005 to 2024 (AAPC = 16.24%, P = 0.029), and the DALYs rate presented an overall tendency towards a rise among both men (AAPC = 14.75%, P = 0.028) and women (AAPC = 14.93%, P = 0.037) during the study period. The per capita direct economic burden appeared an overall tendency towards a rise among dengue fever patients in China from 2005 to 2024 (AAPC = 2.16%, P = 0.012); however, there was no significant difference in the trends in the per capita indirect economic burden (AAPC = 0.46%, P = 0.470). In addition, the DALYs rate of dengue fever appeared a tendency towards a rise in 84.67% (232/274) of cities (counties) in China from 2005 to 2024, and the per capita economic burden appeared a tendency towards a rise in 85.40% (234/274) of cities (counties), while the DALYs rate and per capita economic burden of dengue fever appeared a tendency towards a rise in 77.01% (211/274) of cities (counties). Conclusions The disease burden of dengue fever significantly increased in China from 2005 to 2024. It is recommended to reinforce integrated dengue fever control in high-risk areas and among high-risk populations, and to improve the surveillance of imported dengue fever cases and vector control.

Objective To investigate the biomechanical effects of implant-anchored retraction and intrusion of maxillary anterior teeth under different force systems using three-dimensional finite element analysis(3D-FEA),by constructing models simulating both normal periodontium and mild alveolar bone resorption.Methods Cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)data from a patient with skeletal protrusion and gummy smile was utilized.3D finite element models integrating micro-implants anchorage(MIA)and a straight-wire ap-pliance for en-mass retraction of maxillary anterior teeth were established using Mimics,Geomagic,SolidWorks,and Ansys software.Six experimental groups were designed based on alveolar bone height and vertical positioning of posterior MIA.Groups A1,A2,A3:Normal alveolar bone height.Groups B1,B2,B3:Mild alveolar bone resorption.Posterior MIA were placed between the first molar and second premolar at vertical heights of 4,6,and 8 mm(relative to the cementoenamel junction),respectively,each loaded with 200 g retraction force.Anterior MIA between the central and lateral incisors delivered 50 g intrusion force.Stress distribution,anterior tooth displacement patterns,and torque changes were analyzed and compared across all groups.Results Under varying force conditions,greater torque loss was observed in the anterior teeth of the mild alveolar bone resorption group compared to the periodontally healthy group.Differential displacement patterns emerged among central incisors,lateral incisors,and canines when posterior MIA were placed at different vertical heights.The center of resistance in the resorption group shifted apically,resulting in undesirable extrusion and com-promised torque control during intrusion-retraction of maxillary anterior teeth.Conclusion Anterior torque control is more challenging in the alveolar bone resorption group than in the periodontally normal group.Elevating posterior MIA height promotes bodily movement of central incisors,thereby mitigating the ＂bowing effect＂ to a clinically relevant extent.

Objective To systematically evaluate the psychometric properties of specific self-reported outcome assessment tools for patients undergoing Endoscopic Transnasal Transsphenoidal Surgery(ETTS),with the aim of pro-viding clinical healthcare professionals with evidence to guide the selection of appropriate assessment tools.Methods A systematic search was performed across multiple databases,including the North American Skull Base Society,PubMed,Embase,CINAHL,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CNKI,VIP database,Wanfang database,and the China Biomedical Literature Database,for studies published from the inception of each database to January 9,2025,that are related to ETTS-specific symptom assessment tools.Totally 2 independent researchers screened the literature and extracted relevant data.The consensus-based health measurement tool selection bias risk checklist and quality standards were used to evaluate the methodological quality and psychometric properties of the included studies,which helped to form the development of recommendations.Results A total of 11 articles were included,covering 8 specific self-reported outcome assessment tools for patients undergoing endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection.Of these,the Pituitary Outcome Score and the Leiden Bother and Needs Questionnaire for patients with pituitary disease 2 tools were rated as Grade A recommendations,and 6 tools were rated as Grade B recommendations.Conclusion POS and LBNQ-Pituitary are recommended due to their relatively strong overall methodological quality and psychometric properties.However,further validation with larger sample sizes is necessary.

Objective The aim of this study is to discuss the causal relationship between periodontal disease(PD)and prostate cancer(PCa).Methods A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis based on publicly statistical data from genome-wide association studies(GWAS)was conducted.MR Egger,weighted medium,simple mode and weighted mode were supplemented,while inverse variance weighted analysis(IVW)was the main method of analysis.Heterogeneity testing,pleiotropy testing and leave-one-out testing were used to assess the sensitivity and stabili-ty.Results The results of MR analysis showed that PD had no significant impact on the occurrence of PCa:East Asian(IVW,PD:OR=1.07,P=0.48);European(IVW,PD:OR=1.00,P=0.37,periodontitis:OR=1.03,P=0.14,chronic gingivitis:OR=0.99,P=0.37,chronic periodontitis:OR=1.03,P=0.22).The reverse MR analysis also did not show a causal relationship between PCa and PD:East Asian(IVW,PD:OR=0.97,P=0.22);European(IVW,PD:OR=0.84,P=0.44,periodontitis:OR=1.01,P=0.75,chronic gingivitis:OR=0.93,P=0.23,chronic periodontitis:OR=0.99,P=0.80).The results of other analysis were consistent with those of IVW analysis.Conclusions The results of our two-sample bidirectional MR analysis do not support a causal relationship between PD and PCa.

Objective To introduce the general testing methods for glass materials and containers for pharmaceutical packaging within the packaging material standard system in the 2025 Edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,aiming to provide assistance for the implementation of these standards.Methods Introduce the general situation of the revision of general testing methods for glass materials and containers for pharmaceutical use.The improvement of new general testing method standards is summarized by contrasting the new version of the general testing methods for pharmaceutical glass materials and containers with the current standards.Results The general testing methods for pharmaceutical glass materials and containers in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition are more scientific in structure,more rational and operational.Conclusion The 11 general testing methods will control the quality of pharmaceutical glass materials and containers,which could contribute to the enhancement of the quality and efficacy of drugs in our country.

Objective To explore the ways of breast cancer patients and family fusion and self-adjustment strategies,and to provide reference information for the adjustment of breast cancer patients and their families.Methods By purposive and theoretical sampling,we selected patients who sought medical treatment at a tertiary hospital from September 2020 to July 2023.The semi-structured interviews were conducted in the suspicion,diagnosis,treatment,and recovery periods,respectively.Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory was used for data analysis.Results The behavioural characteristics of breast cancer patients'fusion with their families throughout the disease trajectory were anxiety transmission,information sharing,emotional connection and experience review.The patient's fusion behaviour can bring dual psychological experiences to the patients,including a sense of relaxation and anxiety,a sense of trust and loss of control,a sense of intimacy and constraint,and a sense of meaning and burden.Self-adjustment strategies,such as staying calm,opening communication,setting boundaries and self-identification,can promote patients'and families'adaptation.Conclusion The adjustment model of breast cancer patients and family fusion suggests medical staff to pay attention to the identification of emotional reactions of patients and their families in family fusion according to the behavioural characteristics of patients and family integration,and timely apply self-adjustment strategies to improve patients'behavioural management ability,reduce negative emotions in the family system,and promote the adjustment of patients and families.

Decision making of artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) for hospice care patients has been recognized as a complex and controversial issue that significantly impacted end-stage comfort and quality of life. This article reviewed the significance, status and influencing factors of decision making of ANH for hospice care patients. By analyzing the shortcomings of existing researches and clinical practices, it put forward the prospects for future research, so as to improve the decision-making dilemmas faced by hospice care patients.

Objective To introduce the general testing methods for glass materials and containers for pharmaceutical packaging within the packaging material standard system in the 2025 Edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,aiming to provide assistance for the implementation of these standards.Methods Introduce the general situation of the revision of general testing methods for glass materials and containers for pharmaceutical use.The improvement of new general testing method standards is summarized by contrasting the new version of the general testing methods for pharmaceutical glass materials and containers with the current standards.Results The general testing methods for pharmaceutical glass materials and containers in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition are more scientific in structure,more rational and operational.Conclusion The 11 general testing methods will control the quality of pharmaceutical glass materials and containers,which could contribute to the enhancement of the quality and efficacy of drugs in our country.

Objective To explore the predictive value of quantitative parameters of dual-layer detector spectral CT(DLCT)for Ki-67 expression in solid lung adenocarcinoma.Methods The data of 103 patients were retrospectively collected,and the patients were divided into Ki-67 high expression and Ki-67 low expression groups according to Ki-67 proliferation index.The quantitative parame-ters of DLCT were measured and calculated,and the differences in these parameters between the two groups were compared.The parameters with statistically significant differences were assessed for correlation with Ki-67 expression.The efficacy of DLCT param-eters and combined parameters in predicting Ki-67 expression in solid lung adenocarcinoma were evaluated by receiver operating character-istic(ROC)curve and compared by DeLong test.Results Long diameter,short diameter and smoking history were positively corre-lated with the Ki-67 expression in solid lung adenocarcinoma(r>0,P<0.05).Gender and quantitative parameters of DLCT were nega-tively correlated with the Ki-67 expression in solid lung adenocarcinoma(r<0,P<0.05).The combined parameters of convention and spectral CT had the highest prediction efficiency.Conclusion The quantitative parameters of DLCT can be used to evaluate the Ki-67 expres-sion in solid lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and trends of postoperative pneumonia(POP)in tertiary general hospitals in Jiangsu Province,and provide theoretical basis for carrying out targeted pre-vention and control measures.Methods Surgery patients from 22 tertiary general hospitals in 12 cities in north,central,and south of Jiangsu Province from January 1,2022 to December 31,2023 were chosen as studied subjects,occurrence of POP was analyzed and compared.Results A total of 848 274 surgical procedures were performed in 22 hospitals,and 3 606 cases of POP occurred,with an incidence of 0.43％.The incidence in 2023 was 0.37％,which was lower than that in 2022(0.49％),with statistically significant difference(P＜0.001).The top three de-partments with high incidence of POP were neurosurgery(6.71％),cardiothoracic surgery(2.91％),and general surgery(0.77％).Among hospitals of different grades,the incidence of POP in tertiary first-class hospitals was 0.44％,which was higher than that in other tertiary hospitals(0.37％).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of POP between municipal and district/county hospitals(P＞0.05).The incidence of POP in hospitals with a bed:infection control full-time staff ratio＜200∶1 was lower than that in hospitals with the ratio ≥200∶1(0.39％vs 0.47％,P＜0.001),while the incidence of POP in hospitals with a proportion ≥30％of full-time staff being doctors was higher than that in hospitals with a proportion＜30％(0.45％vs 0.36％,P＜0.001).The incidence of POP in male patients was higher than that in female patients(0.62％vs 0.26％,P＜0.001).The incidence of POP in elderly patients aged≥65 was higher than that in patients aged＜65(0.73％vs 0.26％,P＜0.001).A total of 2 667 strains of infectious pathogens were detected,with the top three being Acine-tobacter baumannii,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,accounting for 28.95％,22.72％,and 15.45％,respectively.The detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB),carba-penem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP),and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)were 60.75％,21.45％,and 32.28％,respectively.The detection rate of CRKP decreased in 2023 compared with 2022,with statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion The overall incidence of POP in tertiary general hos-pitals in Jiangsu Province is relatively low,but there are significant differences among different hospitals.There-fore,perioperative prevention and control measures should be carried out based on the epidemiological characteristics of patients.