ObjectiveTo investigate the level of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) among preschool children (aged 3‒6 years) and primary and secondary school students in Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province, to evaluate the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination, and to provide a basis for hepatitis B prevention and control in the region. MethodsAs part of the 2023 Tonglu County Urban and Rural Residents Health Examination Program, blood samples were collected during health check-ups. Fingertip blood samples were obtained from preschool children, while venous blood samples were collected from primary and secondary school children. The anti-HBs levels in blood (positive + / negative -) were qualitatively tested using hepatitis B surface antibody test kits (latex method). The differences in anti-HBs positivity rates among different age groups were analyzed. ResultsBetween April 1, 2023 and June 30, 2023, a total of 52 919 individuals were surveyed, including 11 973 preschool children and 40 946 primary and secondary school students. The overall anti-HBs positivity rate was 39.74%, with the highest positivity rate observed among preschool children (60.20%). Age was negatively correlated with the anti-HBs positivity rate (P<0.001). No significant gender differences in anti-HBs positivity rates were observed. The anti-HBs positive rate in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas, with statistically significant differences across school grade groups (primary grades 1‒3, grades 4‒6, middle school, and high school) (P<0.001). ConclusionThe anti-HBs positivity rate among preschool and school-age children in Tonglu County decreases with age and remains relatively low. It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring of hepatitis B antibody levels and promote health education among preschool and school-age children. Children who have not completed the full hepatitis B vaccination should receive timely catch-up vaccination.

Infectious keratitis (IK) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, primarily resulting from improper contact lens use, trauma, and a compromised immune response. The pathogenic microorganisms responsible for IK include bacteria, fungi, viruses, and Acanthamoeba. This review examines standard therapeutic agents for treating IK, including broad-spectrum empiric antibiotics for bacterial keratitis (BK), antifungals such as voriconazole and natamycin for fungal infections, and antiviral nucleoside analogues for viral keratitis (VK). Additionally, this review discusses therapeutic agents, such as polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), for the treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). The review also addresses emerging drugs and the challenges associated with their clinical application, including anti-biofilm agents that combat drug resistance and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway-targeted therapies to mitigate inflammation. Furthermore, methods of Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy (PDAT) are explored. This review underscores the importance of integrating novel and traditional therapies to tackle drug resistance and enhance drug delivery, with the goal of advancing treatment strategies for IK.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Jiaohong pills （JHP） and its prescription， Pericarpium Zanthoxyli （PZ） and Rehmanniae Radix （RR） cognitive dysfunction in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease （AD） mice and its mechanism through pharmacodynamic and metabolomics study. MethodThe animal model of AD induced by scopolamine was established and treated with PZ， RG and JHP， respectively. The effects of JHP and its formulations were investigated by open field test， water maze test， object recognition test， avoidance test， cholinergic system and oxidative stress related biochemical test. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of cerebral cortex was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-Quadrupole/Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）. ResultThe behavioral data showed that， compared with the model group， the discrimination indexes of the high dose of JHP， PZ and RR groups was significantly increased （P<0.05）. The staging rate of Morris water maze test in the PZ， RR， high and low dose groups of JHP was significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the crossing numbers in the PZ， JHP high and low dose groups were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）； the number of errors in the avoidance test were significantly reduced in the PZ and high-dose JHP groups （P<0.01）， and the error latencies were significantly increased in the JHP and its prescription drug groups （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the activities of acetylcholinesterase in the cerebral cortex of the two doses of JHP group and the PZ group were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the activity of acetylcholinesterase in the high-dose JHP group was significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and the level of acetylcholine was significantly increased （P<0.01）. At the same time， the contents of malondialdehyde in the serum of the two dose groups of JHP decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The results of metabolomics study of cerebral cortex showed that 149 differential metabolites were identified between the JHP group and the model group， which were involved in neurotransmitter metabolism， energy metabolism， oxidative stress and amino acid metabolism. ConclusionJHP and its prescription can antagonize scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction， regulate cholinergic system， and reduce oxidative stress damage. The mechanism of its therapeutic effect on AD is related to the regulation of neurotransmitter， energy， amino acid metabolism， and improvement of oxidative stress.

This paper discusses the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)based on the midnight-noon ebb-flow theory.The midnight-noon ebb-flow theory is a Chinese medicine science that combines the time and space of nature with the internal rhythm of the human body.PCOS is characterized by disappearance of the reproductive monthly rhythm.Its etiology is based on kidney deficiency.The key to its pathogenesis is the excess of yin and deficiency of yang,the hyperactivity of yang and deficiency of yin,and the lack of smooth connection between yin and yang.PCOS patients have circadian rhythm disorders,and the oscillation of the core clock gene is attenuated,which leads to the interruption of the circadian rhythm gene in the ovary,the imbalance of yin and yang trans-formation in the kidney,and the asynchrony of qi and blood flow with the time rhythm.Therefore,the treatment focuses on harmonizing yin and yang and rebuilding the normal reproductive rhythm of women.Using the midnight-noon ebb-flow theory,combined with the reproductive physiological characteristics of women,choosing different drug administration time and selecting meridians and acupoints according to the time will be helpful to unlock the"time code"of the female reproductive system,and assist clinical menstruation regu-lation,pregnancy and treatment of diseases.

Objective:To investigate the immunophenotypic and molecular biological characteristics of patients with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and enteroblastic differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma (GAED).Methods:The clinicopathological data of 13 patients with elevated serum AFP and GAED admitted to Shanxi Cancer Hospital from 2018 to 2020 were collected. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to analyze the immune markers and molecular biological characteristics of the pathological tissues of the patients. Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test were used for survival analysis.Results:Among the 13 patients with GAED, 12 were male and 1 was female, aged 41-70 years, with a median age of 64 years. The lesions were mainly located in the gastric antrum (5 cases) and gastric body (4 cases). IHC results showed that the tumor embryonic protein (AFP, SALL4, GPC3), intestinal epithelial differentiation protein (CDX-2, CD10), and some original intestinal epithelial phenotype markers (OCT3/4, Claudin6) were expressed in the tumor tissues. Combined application of multiple markers can reduce the rate of missed diagnosis. Among the 13 patients, 12 had at least one mutation (1 mutation: 1 case, 2-5 mutations: 3 cases, 6-15 mutations: 8 cases), and 1 case was not detected. The gene with the highest mutation frequency was TP53 (10 cases), and other mutant genes included EPHB1 (3 cases), ATRX (2 cases), EPHA5 (2 cases), GATA3 (2 cases), LRP1B (2 cases) and MAP2K4 (2 cases) were also detected. Three of the 13 patients had structural variations, which were C14orf177- GNAS, AIM1- FGFR3, and EPHA6- ROS1 gene rearrangements. All 13 patients had copy number variation, and 11 patients had copy number variation of more than 2 genes. The common amplification genes were IRS2 (5 cases), PTEN (5 cases), GNAS (4 cases), CCNE1 (3 cases), CEBPA (3 cases), PCK1 (3 cases) and ERBB2 (2 cases). The common deletion genes were SOX2 (5 cases) and MYC (5 cases). Among the 13 patients, 4 died, and 2 of the dead patients had liver metastasis. There were 4 patients with disease-free survival and 5 patients with disease progression, including 3 cases of abdominal metastasis and 2 cases of liver metastasis. The 3-year survival rate of patients was 65.9 %, and the 3-year progression-free survival rate was 30.7 %. Gene LRP1B point mutation was associated with poor prognosis ( P＜0.001). There was no significant improvement in the prognosis of patients treated with immunotherapy compared with those treated with chemotherapy alone ( P=0.595), but the prognosis of patients treated with postoperative chemotherapy or postoperative chemotherapy plus immunotherapy was better than that of patients treated with surgery alone ( P＜0.05). Conclusions:Elevated serum AFP with GAED is a highly invasive tumor with unique molecular characteristics, often accompanied by multiple molecular events. TP53 mutation is the most common type of gene mutation. In addition, some cases are accompanied by HER2 amplification and gene rearrangement.

Objective To analyze the current status,research hotspots and development trends in the field of immune responses in the microenvironment after spinal cord injury(SCI). Methods Literatrues about immune responses in the microenvironment after SCI were searched from CNKI and the Web of Science Core Collection,from inception to March,2024.VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to conduct a vi-sual analysis of authors,countries,institutions,journals,co-cited references and keywords. Results A total of 152 Chinese and 455 English studies were included.The number of publications increased annually,and China and the United States were leading research efforts in this field.In the Chinese literature,Zhu Yue was the most prolific author,and China Medical University was the leading institution.In the English literature,Phil-lip Popovich was the most prolific and highly cited author,and Ohio State University was the leading institution.Journal of Neuroscience and Experimental Neurology were identified as key journals.The research hotspots in both languages focused on immune activation,inflammatory response and functional recovery.Researches on stem cell transplantation,macrophage and traditional Chinese medicine were particularly prominent in the regu-lation of immune responses after SCI. Conclusion Immune responses in the microenvironment have emerged as a central focus in SCI research.The emphasis of current researches is shifting from mechanistic exploration to the investigation of immunomodulatory strate-gies,with several cutting-edge technologies showing significant potential in this regard.Moving forward,increas-ing collaboration across regions and institutions are essential to promote information sharing,accelerate scientific progress,and facilitate clinical translation,ultimately enhance patient rehabilitation outcomes.

Objective:To grasp the degree of coordinated development and spatial distribution characteristics of medical service prices,medical service capacity and regional economic level,so as to promote the benign and coordinated development of medical service prices and various systems.Methods:The entropy value method is used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of medical service price,medical service capacity and regional economic level in the sample provinces,and the coupling coordination degree model is used to analyze the degree of coupling coordination between medical service price,medical service capacity and regional economic level in the sample provinces,and carry out spatial autocorrelation analysis.Results:The price of medical services was moderately coupled to the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy,and there was moderate dependence between the systems;the price of medical services was poorly coordinated with the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy;the coordination between the current price of medical services in China and the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy did not have a spatial aggregation and radiation effect in space.Conclusion:Coordination between the price of medical services in China and the capacity of medical services and regional economic level needed to be strengthened urgently.Suggestion:The capacity of medical services should be quantitatively evaluated and the formation of medical service prices should be guided,the coordination and linkage between medical service prices and macroeconomic levels should be strengthened,and efforts should be made to enhance the regional equilibrium of China's medical service price policy.

Objective:To grasp the degree of coordinated development and spatial distribution characteristics of medical service prices,medical service capacity and regional economic level,so as to promote the benign and coordinated development of medical service prices and various systems.Methods:The entropy value method is used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of medical service price,medical service capacity and regional economic level in the sample provinces,and the coupling coordination degree model is used to analyze the degree of coupling coordination between medical service price,medical service capacity and regional economic level in the sample provinces,and carry out spatial autocorrelation analysis.Results:The price of medical services was moderately coupled to the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy,and there was moderate dependence between the systems;the price of medical services was poorly coordinated with the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy;the coordination between the current price of medical services in China and the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy did not have a spatial aggregation and radiation effect in space.Conclusion:Coordination between the price of medical services in China and the capacity of medical services and regional economic level needed to be strengthened urgently.Suggestion:The capacity of medical services should be quantitatively evaluated and the formation of medical service prices should be guided,the coordination and linkage between medical service prices and macroeconomic levels should be strengthened,and efforts should be made to enhance the regional equilibrium of China's medical service price policy.

Objective:To grasp the degree of coordinated development and spatial distribution characteristics of medical service prices,medical service capacity and regional economic level,so as to promote the benign and coordinated development of medical service prices and various systems.Methods:The entropy value method is used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of medical service price,medical service capacity and regional economic level in the sample provinces,and the coupling coordination degree model is used to analyze the degree of coupling coordination between medical service price,medical service capacity and regional economic level in the sample provinces,and carry out spatial autocorrelation analysis.Results:The price of medical services was moderately coupled to the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy,and there was moderate dependence between the systems;the price of medical services was poorly coordinated with the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy;the coordination between the current price of medical services in China and the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy did not have a spatial aggregation and radiation effect in space.Conclusion:Coordination between the price of medical services in China and the capacity of medical services and regional economic level needed to be strengthened urgently.Suggestion:The capacity of medical services should be quantitatively evaluated and the formation of medical service prices should be guided,the coordination and linkage between medical service prices and macroeconomic levels should be strengthened,and efforts should be made to enhance the regional equilibrium of China's medical service price policy.

Objective:To grasp the degree of coordinated development and spatial distribution characteristics of medical service prices,medical service capacity and regional economic level,so as to promote the benign and coordinated development of medical service prices and various systems.Methods:The entropy value method is used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of medical service price,medical service capacity and regional economic level in the sample provinces,and the coupling coordination degree model is used to analyze the degree of coupling coordination between medical service price,medical service capacity and regional economic level in the sample provinces,and carry out spatial autocorrelation analysis.Results:The price of medical services was moderately coupled to the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy,and there was moderate dependence between the systems;the price of medical services was poorly coordinated with the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy;the coordination between the current price of medical services in China and the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy did not have a spatial aggregation and radiation effect in space.Conclusion:Coordination between the price of medical services in China and the capacity of medical services and regional economic level needed to be strengthened urgently.Suggestion:The capacity of medical services should be quantitatively evaluated and the formation of medical service prices should be guided,the coordination and linkage between medical service prices and macroeconomic levels should be strengthened,and efforts should be made to enhance the regional equilibrium of China's medical service price policy.