OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the value of ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATATE and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging in staging and treatment decision for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN). METHODS: This retrospective analysis was conducted in 49 patients with GEP-NEN undergoing ¹⁸F-FDG and ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging at our hospital from August, 2020 to March, 2023, including 34 newly diagnosed patients and 15 patients with recurrence or metastasis after treatment. GEP-NEN were classified into G1, G2, and G3 neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) based on pathological typing. The detection efficiency were classified into 4 patterns based on the number of positive tumor lesions detected by the two tracers: ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATATE>¹⁸F-FDG (A); ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATATE=¹⁸F-FDG (B); ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATATE<¹⁸F-FDG (C); and complementation (D). The value of dual-modality imaging in staging and treatment decision were evaluated by visual analysis. RESULTS: In the 49 patients with GEP-NEN, ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT was superior to ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT for detecting systemic tumor lesions (P<0.001) and more sensitive for detecting primary/recurrent lesions, lymph node metastasis, liver metastasis, and bone metastasis (P<0.05), while ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT had higher detection rates for lung metastasis and peritoneal metastasis (P<0.05). In terms of the detection efficiency, Pattern A was found in 46.9% (23/49) patients, Pattern B in 38.8% (19/49), Pattern C in 12.2% (6/49), and Pattern D in 2.0% (1/49). The complementary value of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT to ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT was 0% in G1 NET patients (0/13), 8.3% in G2 NET patients (2/24), 50% in G3 NET patients (3/6), and 33.3% in NEC patients (2/6). 12.2% (6/49) of the patients had their staging confirmed or changed due to additional lesions detected by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging, resulting subsequently in establishment or adjustment of their treatment plans. CONCLUSIONS ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging should be the primary choice for GEP-NEN patients. Additional ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging can potentially improve precision of staging and treatment decision-making for G2, G3 and NEC patients but provides virtually no clinical benefits for G1 NET patients.
Humans ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods* ; Neuroendocrine Tumors/therapy* ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Organometallic Compounds ; Stomach Neoplasms/therapy* ; Neoplasm Staging ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Intestinal Neoplasms/therapy* ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adult

Objective:To study the current status of longitudinal extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) in extremely preterm infants (EPIs) and to develop a prediction model based on clinical data from multiple NICUs.Methods:From January 2017 to December 2018, EPIs admitted to 32 NICUs in North China were retrospectively studied. Their general conditions, nutritional support, complications during hospitalization and weight changes were reviewed. Weight loss between birth and discharge > 1SD was defined as longitudinal EUGR. The EPIs were assigned into longitudinal EUGR group and non-EUGR group and their nutritional support and weight changes were compared. The EPIs were randomly assigned into the training dataset and the validation dataset with a ratio of 7∶3. Univariate Cox regression analysis and multiple regression analysis were used in the training dataset to select the independent predictive factors. The best-fitting Nomogram model predicting longitudinal EUGR was established based on Akaike Information Criterion. The model was evaluated for discrimination efficacy, calibration and clinical decision curve analysis.Results:A total of 436 EPIs were included in this study, with a mean gestational age of (26.9±0.9) weeks and a birth weight of (989±171) g. The incidence of longitudinal EUGR was 82.3%(359/436). Seven variables (birth weight Z-score, weight loss, weight growth velocity, the proportion of breast milk ≥75% within 3 d before discharge, invasive mechanical ventilation ≥7 d, maternal antenatal corticosteroids use and bronchopulmonary dysplasia) were selected to establish the prediction model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the training dataset and the validation dataset were 0.870 (95% CI 0.820-0.920) and 0.879 (95% CI 0.815-0.942), suggesting good discrimination efficacy. The calibration curve indicated a good fit of the model ( P>0.05). The decision curve analysis showed positive net benefits at all thresholds. Conclusions:Currently, EPIs have a high incidence of longitudinal EUGR. The prediction model is helpful for early identification and intervention for EPIs with higher risks of longitudinal EUGR. It is necessary to expand the sample size and conduct prospective studies to optimize and validate the prediction model in the future.

With the increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus, the incidence rate of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is on the rise. MASLD has become the most common chronic liver disease, affecting more than 30% of the global population and causing serious social and economic burden. Numerous studies have shown that the development of MASLD is associated with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease (CVD). In 2010, the American Heart Association proposed the concept of ideal cardiovascular health (ICH); in 2022, the scoring criteria were updated with the introduction of the Life′s Essential 8 (LE8), comprising 4 ideal cardiovascular behaviors (optimal diet, exercise, no smoking, mean sleep 7-9 h/d) and 4 ideal cardiovascular conditions (blood pressure<120/80 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) with no medication, no history of diabetes mellitus and fasting blood glucose<5.6 mmol/L or HbA1c<5.7%, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol<3.36 mmol/L, body mass index<25 kg/m 2). It aims to provide clear, actionable goals for CVD prevention by providing a direct, simple way to quantify health behaviors. A growing number of studies also confirm that the higher level of LE8 metrics is closely associated with the lower risk of MASLD. This article reviews the latest research progress on ICH metrics for reducing risk of MASLD, in order to provide references for early and effective prevention and comprehensive management of MASLD patients.

Objective: To investigate the morphological changes in microglia and astroglia before and after the removal of occlusal interferences in rats and to further understand whether astroglia and microglia activation is involved in experimental occlusal interference-induced masticatory muscle pain. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-220 g) were used. Crowns of two heights (0.2 mm and 0.4 mm) were bonded to the right maxillary first molars to establish experimental rat models of occlusal interference. The rats were randomly assigned to one of five groups of twelve rats each: sham-occlusal interference control group, 0.4 mm occlusal interference group, 6-day removal of 0.4 mm occlusal interference group, 0.2 mm occlusal interference group, and 6-day removal of 0.2 mm occlusal interference group. The rats were sacrificed by transcardiac perfusion after deep anesthetization on days 3, 5, 7, and 14. Brain stem sections were obtained and processed for immunofluorescence staining of GFAP and OX-42. Expression levels were semiquantitatively analyzed. Results: ① Based on the markers OX-42 and GFAP, trigeminal-spinal nucleus (Vsp) microglia and astroglia showed no activation in the sham-occlusal interference control group. ② In the 0.4 mm and 0.2 mm occlusal interference groups, Vsp microglia and astroglia showed mild to moderate activation after 3-7 days of occlusal interference. Vsp astroglia remained activated on day 14, but Vsp microglia did not. At the same time point, the 0.4 mm occlusal interference group had greater activation than the 0.2 mm occlusal interference group. ③ In the 6-day removal of 0.4 mm and 0.2 mm occlusal interference groups, microglia and astroglia activation decreased after removal of the occlusal interference. Vsp astroglia remained activated on day 14, but microglia showed no activation. Conclusion Microglia and astrocyte activation is induced in the Vsp after experimental occlusal interference. The astrocytes remained activated for longer than the microglia. The glia activation level is closely related to the intensity of occlusal interference.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of intermittent liver-nourishing and mind-regulating acupuncture in preventive treatment of migraine. Method One hundred and twenty migraine patients were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 60 cases each. The treatment group received intermittent liver-nourishing and mind-regulating acupuncture and the control group took flunarizine hydrochloride capsules orally. The migraine score, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and the headache severity rating score were recorded in the subjects before treatment and at the end of treatment and the 4-week, 8-week, 12-week, 16-week and 20-week follow-ups. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) score and the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were recorded before and after treatment.Result After one course of treatment, the total efficacy rate was 98.3% in the treatment group and 89.5% in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the migraine score between before treatment and at the end of treatment in the two groups (P<0.05) and between the two groups at the same follow-ups (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the VAS score between before treatment and at the end of treatment in the two groups (P<0.05) and between the two groups at the same follow-ups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the SAS and SDS scores between before treatment and at the end of treatment in the two groups (P<0.05) and between the two groups after treatment (P<0.05).Conclusion Intermittent liver-nourishing and mind-regulating acupuncture has marked efficacy in preventive treatment of migraine. It can increase the total efficacy rate and reduce the number of relapses.

Objective To investigate the relationship between anti mutated citrullinated vimentin (MCV) antibody, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody with disease activity and bone erosion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), so as to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods The anti-CCP antibody and anti-MCV antibody were detected using the enzyme-linked immune adsorption method (ELISA) for 634 patients with RA. At the same time, the clinical and laboratory data were collected, and the X-ray images of hands or feet were taken. Disease activity score (DAS)28 score was calculated, and all patients were divided into high disease activity group, moderatedisease activity group, low disease activity group and stable disease group on the basis of the DAS28 score. We analyzed the relationship between the degree of anti MCV, anti CCP antibodies, and disease activity of patients by Spearman correlation. And anti CCP, anti MCV antibodies, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C reactive protein (CRP) of these patients were compared at different period of bone erosion and disease activity by the Wilcoxon rank sum test and nemenyi. Results ① Positive correlation could be detected between anti-MCV antibody and ESR, CRP, number of tender joint, DAS28 score (r=0.115, P=0.004; r=0.120, P=0.003; r=0.124, P=0.002; r=0.085, P=0.032), and anti CCP antibody had no correlation with these index. The anti MCV antibodies in high disease activity group [694 (156, 1 000)] U/ml, and moderate activity group [911 (190, 1 000)] U/ml were higher than that of the low disease activity [248(150, 731)] U/ml or stable group [275(62, 928)] U/ml (U=2.29, P=0.023;U=2.25, P=0.024; U=2.45, P=0.014; U=2.4, P=0.018), and anti CCP antibody in the moderate disease activity group [499(180, 1 370)] U/ml was higher than low disease activity group [297(83, 574)] U/ml and stable group [187(67, 1 153)] U/ml (U=2.53, P=0.012; U=2.22, P=0.026). ②The anti MCV, anti CCP antibody in the bone erosion group were higher than those without bone erosion group (U=4.64, P<0.01;U=2.69, P=0.007). The anti MCV antibodies in stage Ⅱ[722(259, 1 000)] U/ml and Ⅲ group [714 (216, 1 000)] U/ml was significantly higher than that in stage Ⅰ [316(98, 1 000)] U/ml(U=3.46, P<0.01; U=4.28, P<0.01). The anti CCP antibody level in stage Ⅱ [394(180, 1 000)] U/ml and Ⅲ[391(181,1305)] U/ml was higher compared with stage Ⅰ[277 (98,898)] U/ml (U=1.99, P=0.046; U=2.92, P=0.004), and that in phase Ⅲ was higher than Ⅳ [218(71, 911)] U/ml (U=2.06, P=0.041). Conclusion Compared with anti-CCP antibody, anti-MCV antibody is closely related with disease activity, and has a better predictive value for bone erosion. Patients with higher ESR and CRP are more susceptible to bone erosion.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of heat-sensitive moxibustion plus point-toward-point needling in treating poststroke strephenopodia.Method Eighty patients with poststroke strephenopodia were randomized into a treatment group intervened by heat-sensitive moxibustion plus point-toward-point needling and a control group intervened by rehabilitation, 40 cases in each group. In addition to the basic treatment, the treatment group was given heat-sensitive moxibustion plus point-toward-point needling, and the control group was given rehabilitation treatment. Holden's Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) of the lower-limb motor function, and Tinetti Gait Assessment (TGA) were adopted for evaluation of the two groups, and the clinical efficacies were compared.ResultThe effective rate was 90.0% in the treatment group versus 77.5% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); after the treatment,there was a significant difference in comparing the Holden's FAC between the two groups (P<0.05); the FMA score changed significantly after the treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and there was a significant difference in comparing the FMA score between thetwo groups after the treatment (P<0.05); the TGA score changed significantly after the intervention in both groups (P<0.05), and there was a significant difference in comparing the TGA score between the two groups after the intervention (P<0.05).ConclusionHeat-sensitive moxibustion plus point-toward-point needling can produce a significant efficacy in treating poststroke strephenopodia, as it can enhance the effective rate and improve the lower-limb motor function.

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression of purinergic p2X4 receptor (P2X4R) in trigeminal ganglion of rats after occlusal interference. Investigation of peripheral receptor mechanism of occlusal interference-induced masticatory muscle pain will aid the development of drug intervention against this condition.

METHODSExperimental occlusal interference was established by application of 0.4 mm metal crown to the upper right first molar of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Real-time PCR assay was used to investigate P2X4R mRNA level in trigeminal ganglion in rats with occlusal interference for 3, 7, 10 and 14 days and in control rats without occlusal interference (n=5 in each). Retrograde labelling combining immunofluorescence was performed to evaluate the percentage of P2X4R-positive cells in masseter afferent neurons (n=5 in each group). Graded concentrations of P2XR antagonist TNP-ATP (0.1, 10, 125, 250, 500 μmol/L) or saline (n=5 in each group) was administrated in right masseter and the mechanical sensitivity of bilateral masseters was measured before occlusal interference application, before the injection, and 30 min as well as 60 min after the injection.

RESULTSCompared with control rats (P2X4R mRNA: right side: 1.00±0.26, left side: 0.94± 0.21; percentage of P2X4R-positive masseter afferents: right side: [64.3±6.3]%, left side: [67.7±5.8]%), the level of P2X4R mRNA in bilateral trigeminal ganglia (right side: 5.98±3.56; left side: 5.06±2.88) of rats with occlusal interference for 7 days up-regulated (P<0.01) and the percentage of P2X4R-positive masseter afferent neurons(right side: [81.7±1.5]%; left side: [82.9±2.3]%) increased (P<0.05). Local administration of 10, 125, 250, 500 μmol/L TNP-ATP increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold in masseter 30 min after injection, compared with those before injection (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIncreased expression of trigeminal P2X4R involves in the development of occlusal interference-induced masseter hyperalgesia.

Adenosine Triphosphate ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Dental Occlusion ; Hyperalgesia ; etiology ; Male ; Masseter Muscle ; drug effects ; Masticatory Muscles ; Purinergic P2X Receptor Antagonists ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X4 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Time Factors ; Trigeminal Ganglion ; metabolism

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the removal time of 0.2 mm occlusal in-terference and the recovery of masticatory muscle mechanical hyperalgesia in rats.Methods:Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-220 g)were randomly assigned to eight groups,with five rats in each group:(1 )nave group:these rats were anesthetized and their mouths were forced open for about 5 min (the same duration as the other groups),but restorations were not applied;(2 )sham-occlusal interference control group:bands were bonded to the right maxillary first molars which did not interfere with occlu-sion;(3 )occlusal interference group:0.2 mm thick crowns were bonded to the right maxillary first molars;(4)2,3,4,5,and 6 d removal of occlusal interference groups:0.2 mm thick crowns were bonded to the right maxillary first molars and removed on days 2,3,4,5,and 6.The nave group and sham-occlusal interference control group were control groups.The other groups were experimental groups. Bilateral masticatory muscle mechanical withdrawal thresholds were tested on pre-application days 1 ,2, and 3,and on post-application days 1 ,3,5,7,1 0,1 4,21 and 28.The rats were weighed on pre-application day 1 and on post-application days 1 ,2,3,4,5,6,and 7.Results:Between the nave group and the sham-occlusal interference control group,there was no significant difference in the mastica-tory muscle mechanical withdrawal threshold of bilateral temporalis and masseters at each time point.No significant difference was detected between the contralateral side and ipsilateral side in experimental groups (P>0.05 ).In the 2,3,4,and 5 d removal of occlusal interference groups,the masticatory muscle mechanical withdrawal thresholds decreased after occlusal interference and increased after removal of the crowns and recovered to the baseline on days 7,1 0,1 4,and 1 4,respectively [the masticatory muscle mechanical withdrawal thresholds of right masseter muscle were (1 37.46 ±2.08)g,(1 39.02 ± 2.1 1 )g,(1 40.40 ±0.98)g,(1 38.95 ±0.98)g,respectively].In the 6 d removal of occlusal inter-ference group,the masticatory muscle mechanical withdrawal threshold increased after removal of the crowns and became stable since day 1 4.There was a significant difference between the 6 d removal of oc-clusal interference group and the sham-occlusal interference group on day 28(P<0.05),the masticatory muscle mechanical withdrawal thresholds of right masseter muscle were (1 31 .24 ±0.76 ) g and (1 41 .34 ±1 .43)g,respectively.Conclusion:After removal of the 0.2 mm thick crown within 5 days, the mechanical hyperalgesia of the rats could reverse completely.The mechanical hyperalgesia of the rats could only be relieved,but not reverse completely after removal of the 0.2 mm thick crown on day 6.As the time went on,even minor occlusal interference could cause irreversible mechanical hyperalgesia of masticatory muscles.This study suggested that occlusal interference caused by dental treatment should be eliminated as soon as possible,to avoid irreversible orofacial pain.

Objective To detect anti-cell membrane DNA ( cmDNA) antibody with human B lym-phocyte Raji cells and human promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells as substrates and to compare the diagnostic value of anti-cmDNA antibody with that of anti-nucleosome antibody ( AnuA ) , anti-Sm antibody and anti-double-stranded DNA ( dsDNA) antibody in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus ( JSLE) patients. Meth-ods We recruited 92 JSLE patients and 71 patients with other rheumatic diseases. Anti-cmDNA antibody an-dantinuclear antibody ( ANA ) was detected in patient serum by indirect immunofluorescence assays ( IIF ) . Anti-dsDNA antibody were detected by combining enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay ( ELISA) and IIF. Anti-Sm antibody were detected by double immunodiffusion assay and immunoblotting, while anti-nucleosome antibody ( AnuA) were detected by ELISA. We collected concurrent clinical data. Results Anti-cmDNA antibody demonstrated stronger intensity of fluorescent patterns in using Raji cells as substrate than HL60 cells. JSLE patients had a significantly higher positive percentage of anti-cmDNA than patients with other rheu-matoid diseases. The sensitivity of anti-cmDNA on cell line Raji was higher than that of anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm (P<0. 01), the specificity of anti-cmDNA was close to anti-dsDNA (P>0. 05) and was lower than anti-Sm and AnuA (P<0. 01). The sensitivity of anti-cmDNA was similar to AnuA (P>0. 05) and the specificity was lower than AnuA (P<0. 01). The sensitivities of anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm and AnuA by combining with an-ti-cmDNA were much higher than that of the above antibody detected respectively ( P<0. 05 ) . Anti-cmDNA had no correlation with SLE disease activity index ( P=0. 907 ) . Conclusion The high sensitivity and speci-ficity of anti-cmDNA antibody make it a valuable diagnostic tool for JSLE. Combined detection of anti-cmDNA and other autoantibody might further improve the sensitivity in JSLE. Anti-cmDNA detected with IIF on cell line Raji was better than cell line HL60.