Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of menopausal syndrome among postmenopausal women in Pan'an County, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the basis for guiding the health management of postmenopausal women. Methods: From May 2023 to April 2024, the postmenopausal women aged 40 to 69 years in Pan'an County were selected using the random cluster sampling method. Demographic information, lifestyle and prevalence of gynecological diseases were collected through questionnaire surveys. The prevalence of menopausal syndrome was assessed by modified Kupperman Score Scale. Factors affecting menopausal syndrome were analyzed by a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 816 postmenopausal women were surveyed, with an mean age of (57.63±2.92) years and a mean natural menopause age of (49.85±2.13) years. There were 574 cases with menopausal syndrome, with a prevalence of 70.34%. Flashes and sweating, insomnia and irritability were common symptoms, accounting for 62.87%, 47.43% and 41.18%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that monthly personal income of ≤5 000 yuan (<3 000 yuan, OR=3.124, 95%CI: 1.829-5.335; 3 000-5 000 yuan, OR=2.399, 95%CI: 1.370-4.201) and having gynecological diseases (OR=1.970, 95%CI: 1.292-3.004) were associated with a higher risk of menopausal syndrome, while average (OR=0.141, 95%CI: 0.072-0.276) or sufficient sleep quality (OR=0.095, 95%CI: 0.049-0.185) were associated with a lower risk of menopausal syndrome. Conclusion The prevalence of menopausal syndrome among postmenopausal women in Pan'an County is relatively high, and is mainly influenced by personal economic status, sleep quality and the presence of gynecological diseases.

Objective To compare and analyze the biological effects of two types of helmets,which have different masses and centroids,on the neck of pilots under rapid braking condition,and provide new ideas for improving the ergonomic design of helmets for pilots.Methods A finite element model of the head,neck,helmet,and restraint system was established using Hyper Mesh 14.0 software.Finite element simulation was used to study the neck biological effects of pilots wearing different helmets for rapid braking.Results After wearing Type Ⅰ and Type Ⅱ helmets,the trend,occurrence time,and location of the maximum stress borne by each vertebra and intervertebral disc are basically consistent.The maximum stress on the vertebrae above C3 is smaller when wearing a Type Ⅰ helmet,while the maximum stress on the vertebrae below C3 is smaller when wearing a Type Ⅱ helmet.The maximum stress on the C2～C3 intervertebral disc is relatively small when wearing a TypeⅠhelmet,while the intervertebral discs below it are relatively small when wearing a Type Ⅱ helmet.The ligament elongation rate and maximum neck injury index Nij of wearing Type Ⅰ helmets are both relatively high.Conclusion Type Ⅰ helmet has a significant biological impact on the neck of pilots during rapid braking.

Objective:To examine the distribution of pathogens that cause postoperative nosocomial infections in patients with rectal cancer(RC)and to construct a predictive nomogram for nosocomial infection.Methods:The clinical data of 1537 RC patients admitted to Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital between January 2021 and December 2022 were collected.Patients were assigned 1∶1 by propensity score matching(PSM)to the infection group(n=83)and control group(n=83)based on the occurrence of nosocomial infection.The dis-tribution and drug resistance of bacteria in patients with nosocomial infection were analyzed.Risk factors for postoperative nosocomial infection were identified by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression,and a predictive nomogram was con-structed using multivariate logistics regression.The predictive performance of the model was evaluated by receiver operating character-istic(ROC)curve,calibration curve,and decision curve analysis(DCA).Results:A total of 93 strains of pathogens were isolated from the 83 infected patients,including 62 strains of Gram-negative bacteria(66.67%;predominantly Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas ae-ruginosa),25 strains of Gram-positive bacteria(26.88%;mainly Enterococcus faecalis),and 6 strains of fungi(6.45%;all Candida albicans).LASSO and multivariate logistics regression showed that smoking(odds ratio[OR]=3.97,95%CI=1.27-12.43),the dwelling time of drainage tube(OR=1.19,95%CI=1.08-1.30),difference in preoperative and postoperative neutrophil counts(OR=1.23,95%CI=1.01-1.49),and difference between preoperative and postoperative C-reactive protein levels(OR=1.05,95%CI=1.03-1.07)were inde-pendent risk factors for postoperative nosocomial infection in RC patients.The area under the ROC curve of the nomogram constructed based on the above factors was 0.933(95%CI=0.896-0.969).The calibration curve showed that the predicted risk was in good agree-ment with the actual observed risk of infection.In addition,DCA demonstrated that the nomogram has good clinical utility and high net clinical benefits in predicting nosocomial infection.Conclusion:The nomogram constructed in this study has a good predictive perfor-mance in postoperative nosocomial infection in RC patients.

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of different daily doses of aspirin in the prevention of preeclampsia （PE）. METHODS The case-control studies and prospective randomized controlled trials on aspirin with daily dose ≥ 100 mg （trial group） vs. ＜100 mg （control group） in the prevention of PE were retrieved from PubMed， Medline， Embase， the Cochrane Library， CNKI， China Biomedical Literatue Database and Wanfang Data from base-building to January 2025. After literature screening， data extraction and quality evaluation， meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS A total of 11 literatures were included， involving 3 052 pregnant women. Meta-analysis showed the incidence of PE [RR＝0.63， 95%CI （0.53，0.76）， P＜0.000 01]， gestational hypertension [RR＝0.69， 95%CI （0.50，0.94），P＝0.02]， preterm birth [RR＝0.56， 95%CI （0.47，0.66）， P＜0.000 01]， and intrauterine growth retardation [RR＝0.73，95%CI （0.61，0.87），P＝0.000 5] in trial groups were significantly lower than control group. The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage between the two groups had no statistically significant difference [RR＝1.17， 95%CI （0.90，1.53），P＝0.25]. Subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of PE in Chinese pregnant women taking 150 mg of aspirin was significantly higher than taking 100 mg of aspirin [RR＝3.40， 95%CI （1.29， 8.93）， P＝0.01]； but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidences of postpartum hemorrhage， preterm birth （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin with daily dose ≥100 mg is more effective in preventing PE than daily dose ＜100 mg， with lower rates of gestational hypertension， preterm birth， and intrauterine growth retardation. It does not increase the risk of postpartum hemorrhage. For pregnant women in China， daily dose 100 mg of aspirin may be more effective in preventing PE than 150 mg.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of MKK6(E)fusion protein on the growth of o-varian cancer graft tumors in nude mice and its possible mechanism.Methods A subcutaneous transplantation tumor model in nude mice was constructed using subcutaneous injection of human ovarian cancer HO8910PM cells,which were divided into model group,paclitaxel(positive control,3 mg/mL)group,MKK6(E)fusion protein(1.2 mmol/L)group and MKK6(E)fusion protein+SB202190(p38 agonist,10 μmol/L)group by numerical randomization table,each with 6 animals.The drug was administered continuously in the tail vein for 21 d,once every 3 d.At the end of the administration,the tumor was exfoliated and the tumor volume,mass and tumor inhibition rate were calculated.Serum carbohydrate antigen(CA)125 level was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),histopathology of the tumor was detected by HE staining,and apoptosis of the tumor cells was detected by TUNEL staining.In addition,expression of Fibronectin,matrix metallo-peptidase(MMP)2,and MMP9 were detected by immunohistochemistry,apoptosis and the p38/ATF-2 pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the model group,the tumor volume,mass and serum CA125 level of nude mice in the paclitaxel group and the MKK6(E)fusion protein group were reduced,the tumor suppression rate and the apoptosis rate of cancer cells were increased,the volume of cancer cells in the transplanted tumor tissue was reduced,the nucleus was lightly stained,the di-viding heterogeneity was reduced compared with that of the model group,and the large area of lamellar nec-rotic zone and apoptotic cells were seen,and the expression of Fibronectin,MMP2 and MMP9 was reduced.Bax and Cleaved caspase 3 expression was up-regulated,and Bcl-2 expression and phosphorylated p38(p-p38)/p38 and p-ATF-2/ATF-2 were down-regulated(P＜0.05).Compared with the MKK6(E)fusion pro-tein group,nude mice in the MKK6(E)fusion protein+SB202190 group showed increased tumor volume,mass and serum CA125 levels,decreased tumor suppression and cancer cell apoptosis,better cancer cell status,decreased necrotic areas,increased expression of Fibronectin,MMP2 and MMP9,and down-regulated Bax and Cleaved caspase 3 expression was down-regulated,and Bcl-2 expression and p-p38/p38 and p-ATF-2/ATF-2 were up-regulated(P＜0.05).While p-ERK/ERK and p-JNK/JNK were compared among the 4 groups,the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion MKK6(E)fusion protein inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer subcutaneous graft tumors,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of p38/ATF-2 signa-ling pathway activation.

Objective To explore the value of CT derived fractional flow reserve(CT-FFR)combined with pericoronary adipose tissue(PCAT)fat attenuation index(FAI)in predicting major adverse cardiac events(MACE)in patients with obstructive coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods A total of 149 patients with obstructive CHD who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA)examination were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were divided into MACE group and non-MACE group according to the occurrence of MACE.The clinical data,CCTA characteristics,CT-FFR,PCAT volume and FAI differences between the two groups were compared.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to screen the independent predictors of MACE.The area under the curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the efficiency of a single independent predictor and its joint prediction of MACE.Results CT-FFR≤0.8 and right coronary artery(RCA)FAI(RCA-FAI)were independent risk factors for MACE in patients with obstructive CHD.The AUC of CT-FFR≤0.8 and RCA-FAI to predict MACE in patients with obstructive CHD were 0.773 and 0.766,respectively,while of their combination was 0.865.Conclusion Compared with single imaging parameters,the combined imaging parameters of CT-FFR and RCA-FAI can significantly improve the predictive efficiency of MACE in patients with obstructive CHD.

Objective:To explore the application effect of information sharing assisted decision-making intervention in knee replacement patients.Methods:A total of 94 inpatients undergoing knee replacement in Department of Orthopedics in Xinxiang Central Hospital from January to December 2022 were selected by the convenient sampling method, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group according to random number table method, with 47 cases in each group. The control group adopted routine clinical decision-making management, while the observation group implemented information sharing assisted decision-making intervention based on the control group. On the 5th day after surgery, Control Preference Scale (CPS), Chinese version of Preparation Decision Making Scale (PreDM) and Decision Participation Satisfaction Scale were used to evaluate the decision participation, decision readiness and decision satisfaction of patients in two groups.Results:In the control group, active, cooperative and passive decision-making participation accounted for 21.28% (10/47), 27.66% (13/47) and 51.06% (24/47), respectively. In the observation group, 42.55% (20/47), 44.68% (21/47) and 12.77% (6/47) of the participants were active, cooperative and passive, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of decision participation between the two groups ( P<0.01). The PreDM score and decision participation satisfaction score of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:Information sharing assisted decision-making intervention can effectively improve the decision-making participation of knee replacement patients and improve their decision-making readiness and satisfaction.

Objective To explore whether voluntary wheel running affects liver oxidative stress by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway,thereby alleviating HFFC diet-related lipid deposition in the liver.Methods Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal diet group(NC group,n=10)and high-fat,fructose,and cholesterol diet group(HFFC group,n=20)after 1 week of adaptive feeding.Ten weeks of feeding later,mice in the HFFC group were divided into a quiet group(HFFC group,n=10)and HFFC combined with exercise group(HFFC+EX group,n=10).HFFC+EX group mice were caged with voluntary running wheels for free movement,and the number of running wheels was recorded every day for 8 weeks.After the last treatment,the mice were sacrificed by fasting for 12 hours at an interval of 24 hours,and the blood and liver were collected for analysis.Results(1)Body weight,liver weight,and liver index of mice fed the HFFC diet were significantly higher than those of the NC group,which significantly decreased after exercise(P＜0.05).(2)Compared with the NC group,HDL-C and LDL-C in the HFFC group were significantly increased,and the LDL-C level was significantly decreased after 8 weeks of exercise(P＜0.05).(3)The liver fat droplet area and liver TG content in the HFFC group were significantly higher than those in the NC group,whereas those in HFFC+EX group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).(4)Compared with the NC group,the content of oxidase MDA in the HFFC group were significantly increased,and nuclear translocation and gene expression of Nrf2 were significantly decreased.After exercise,the activities of SOD and T-AOC were significantly increased,and the nuclear translocation and gene expression of Nrf2 and expression levels of HO-1 and SOD-1 were significantly increased(P＜0.05).(5)The number of apoptotic hepatocytes and CHOP expression in the HFFC diet group were significantly higher than those in the NC group,whereas the number of apoptotic hepatocytes,and CHOP and Bax/Bcl-2 expression in the exercise group were significantly lower than those in the NC group(P＜0.05).Conclusions Voluntary wheel can alleviate HFFC diet induced liver lipid deposition by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway,thereby alleviating oxidative stress and reducing apoptosis in liver cells.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) in high-altitude population aged 18 years and over in Xining, Qinghai and establish the reference interval (RI) of IOP.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Xining, Qinghai Province at 2.271 km above sea level from September 2019 to May 2020.Ophthalmic examinations and IOP measurement were conducted among subjects from Physical Examination Center of Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital.The subjects who had been living in Xining without leaving for three months were enrolled.Ophthalmic examinations included vision examination, IOP measurement, slit-lamp microscopy, fundus photography, anterior and posterior segment optical coherence tomography.IOP was measured using Goldmann applanation tonometry under local anesthesia.Subjects with factors that could cause significant changes in IOP and affect the accuracy of IOP measurement, and those who were unable to receive IOP measurement were excluded.Subjects were grouped according to sex, age and ethnicity, and the distribution and RI of IOP were compared among all groups.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University (No.TRECKY2017-024). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:A total of 6 120 subjects (6 120 eyes) aged 18-90 years old were enrolled, including 2 850 males and 3 270 females with average age of (45.54±13.85) years.The average IOP of high-altitude population in Xining, Qinghai Province was (14.32±1.93) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), with the RI of 10.54-18.10 mmHg.The average IOP was (14.42±1.98) mmHg in male with the RI of 10.54-18.30 mmHg, (14.23±1.88) mmHg in female with the RI of 10.55-17.91 mmHg.The IOP of male was higher than that of female ( t=3.71, P<0.001). The IOP of Han, Tibetan, Hui and other nationalities were (14.38±1.91), (13.93±2.06), (14.21±1.87), (13.94±1.95) mmHg, respectively, with a statistically significant overall difference ( F=6.73, P<0.001). The IOP of Han nationality was significantly higher than that of Tibetan, Hui and other nationalities, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:RI of IOP in high-altitude population from Xining, Qinghai is lower compared with normal altitude area.

This paper studies the active force characteristics of the neck muscles under the condition of rapid braking, which can provide theoretical support for reducing the neck injury of pilots when carrier-based aircraft blocks the landing. We carried out static loading and real vehicle braking experiments under rapid braking conditions, collected the active contraction force and electromyography (EMG) signals of neck muscles, and analyzed the response characteristics of neck muscle active force response. The results showed that the head and neck forward tilt time was delayed and the amplitude decreased during neck muscle pre-tightening. The duration of the neck in the extreme position decreased, and the recovery towards the seat direction was faster. The EMG signals of trapezius muscle was higher than sternocleidomastoid muscle. This suggests that pilots can reduce neck injury by pre-tightening the neck muscles during actual braking flight. In addition, we can consider the design of relevant fittings for pre-tightening the neck muscles.
Neck Muscles ; Neck ; Electromyography ; Head