BACKGROUND:Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a key risk factor for non-traumatic femoral head necrosis,and the incidence of it has gradually increased in recent years,but its specific pathogenesis is still unclear,and finding a reasonable animal model is essential for disease research and treatment.OBJECTIVE:To review the commonly used animal models of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in recent years,and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different modeling methods and evaluation criteria,so as to provide a reference for follow-up research. METHODS:The articles published from 2013 to 2023 were searched in CNKI,WanFang Data,and PubMed with the keywords "femoral head necrosis,osteonecrosis of the femoral head,steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head,animal model." Finally,61 articles were involved for comprehensive analysis according to the inclusion criteria,including 38 English articles and 23 Chinese articles.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Rabbits,rats,and chickens are the animals that are widely used in the study of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head models. (2) Hormone combined with lipopolysaccharide or horse serum modeling has low mortality,high success rate,and strong stability. (3) Histopathology is the gold standard for the evaluation model,but the experiment needs to be terminated,which is not conducive to subsequent experimental research,so finding a non-invasive alternative method is still the direction of future efforts. (4) An ideal model of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head has not yet been explored,and future researchers need to continue to strive to achieve breakthroughs in this field as soon as possible.

Objective:To explore the latent-classes of HIV high risk behaviors among college students, and the association between experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV high risk behaviors, to provide evidence for reducing the HIV high risk behaviors among them.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2019 among university students from six higher education institutions in Zhuhai City, using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, with an estimated sample size of 1 318. The study included participants who self-reported being in a romantic relationship and having sexual experience within the past year. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, IPV experiences, and HIV high risk behaviors were collected. Latent-class analysis was performed on HIV high risk behaviors, and chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyze the associations between IPV experiences and different latent classes of HIV high risk behaviors.Results:The effective response rate for the survey was 95.4% (12 235/12 821). 1 382 college students from Zhuhai were included as participants in the study, with 19.4% (268/1 382) self-reporting having experienced IPV. Latent-class analysis of HIV high risk behaviors classified the participants into three latent groups: low-risk group (78.1%, 1 079/1 382), multiple sexual partners/alcohol use before sex group (15.8%, 219/1 382), and high-risk group (6.1%, 84/1 382). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that students who had experienced psychological violence were more likely to be in the group that had multiple sexual partners/alcohol use before sex (a OR=2.51, 95% CI:1.48-4.27). Those who had experienced IPV (a OR=5.74, 95% CI:3.45-9.55), physical violence (a OR=9.26, 95% CI: 5.24-16.35), sexual violence (a OR=8.46, 95% CI:4.93-14.52), or psychological violence (a OR=15.99, 95% CI:8.64-29.57) were more likely to be in the high-risk group. Students who experienced two (a OR=9.37, 95% CI:3.55-24.71) or three types of IPV (a OR=50.09, 95% CI: 21.06-119.14) were more likely to be in the high-risk group compared to those with no IPV experiences. Conclusions:HIV high risk behaviors among college students in Zhuhai exhibited heterogeneity across different latent groups, and these groups have different associations with IPV experiences. Universities should tailor targeted HIV/AIDS education and prevention strategies based on the characteristics of each latent group to reduce HIV high risk behaviors among college students.

Objective:To explore the trajectory of changes in electronic health literacy in young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) combined with diabetes mellitus (DM) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and to analyze its relationship with unplanned readmission within 30 days.Methods:A convenience sample of 210 young and middle-aged CHD patients with DM who underwent PCI in the Department of Cardiology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, from February 2023 to June 2024 was selected. The e-Health Literacy Scale (eHEALS) was used to assess electronic health literacy at the 3rd day (T 1), 15th day (T 2), and 30th day (T 3) after PCI. Unplanned readmission within 30 days after discharge was recorded. Latent class growth model (LCGM) was used to identify categories and characteristics of electronic health literacy trajectories. Kaplan-Meier method was applied to plot the cumulative incidence of 30-day unplanned readmission, and the Log-Rank test was used to compare differences among different trajectory types. Results:A total of 207 patients completed the entire survey and follow-up, with a valid response rate of 98.57% (207/210). eHEALS scores gradually increased after PCI, with scores of (6.75±1.31), (11.55±3.31), and (15.56±5.75) at T 1, T 2, and T 3, respectively. Two potential categories were identified: persistent low-level type (85 cases, 41.06%) and gradually improving type (122 cases, 58.94%). Twenty-six patients experienced unplanned readmission within 30 days, with an incidence of 12.56%. The proportions of unplanned readmission within 30 days were 20.00% (17/85) in the persistent low-level group and 7.38% (9/122) in the gradually improving group, with a statistically significant difference (χ 2=7.268, P=0.007). Kaplan-Meier cumulative risk function analysis showed that the cumulative incidence of 30-day unplanned readmission in the gradually improving group was lower than that in the persistent low-level group, with a statistically significant difference (Log-Rank=7.683, P=0.006) . Conclusions:Young and middle-aged CHD patients with DM after PCI show trajectory characteristics in electronic health literacy. Although the electronic health literacy of some patients gradually improved after PCI, persistent low-level literacy was still common, and patients in the persistent low-level group had a higher risk of 30-day unplanned readmission, which deserves clinical attention.

BACKGROUND:Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a key risk factor for non-traumatic femoral head necrosis,and the incidence of it has gradually increased in recent years,but its specific pathogenesis is still unclear,and finding a reasonable animal model is essential for disease research and treatment.OBJECTIVE:To review the commonly used animal models of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in recent years,and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different modeling methods and evaluation criteria,so as to provide a reference for follow-up research. METHODS:The articles published from 2013 to 2023 were searched in CNKI,WanFang Data,and PubMed with the keywords "femoral head necrosis,osteonecrosis of the femoral head,steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head,animal model." Finally,61 articles were involved for comprehensive analysis according to the inclusion criteria,including 38 English articles and 23 Chinese articles.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Rabbits,rats,and chickens are the animals that are widely used in the study of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head models. (2) Hormone combined with lipopolysaccharide or horse serum modeling has low mortality,high success rate,and strong stability. (3) Histopathology is the gold standard for the evaluation model,but the experiment needs to be terminated,which is not conducive to subsequent experimental research,so finding a non-invasive alternative method is still the direction of future efforts. (4) An ideal model of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head has not yet been explored,and future researchers need to continue to strive to achieve breakthroughs in this field as soon as possible.

Objective:To explore the latent-classes of HIV high risk behaviors among college students, and the association between experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV high risk behaviors, to provide evidence for reducing the HIV high risk behaviors among them.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2019 among university students from six higher education institutions in Zhuhai City, using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, with an estimated sample size of 1 318. The study included participants who self-reported being in a romantic relationship and having sexual experience within the past year. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, IPV experiences, and HIV high risk behaviors were collected. Latent-class analysis was performed on HIV high risk behaviors, and chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyze the associations between IPV experiences and different latent classes of HIV high risk behaviors.Results:The effective response rate for the survey was 95.4% (12 235/12 821). 1 382 college students from Zhuhai were included as participants in the study, with 19.4% (268/1 382) self-reporting having experienced IPV. Latent-class analysis of HIV high risk behaviors classified the participants into three latent groups: low-risk group (78.1%, 1 079/1 382), multiple sexual partners/alcohol use before sex group (15.8%, 219/1 382), and high-risk group (6.1%, 84/1 382). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that students who had experienced psychological violence were more likely to be in the group that had multiple sexual partners/alcohol use before sex (a OR=2.51, 95% CI:1.48-4.27). Those who had experienced IPV (a OR=5.74, 95% CI:3.45-9.55), physical violence (a OR=9.26, 95% CI: 5.24-16.35), sexual violence (a OR=8.46, 95% CI:4.93-14.52), or psychological violence (a OR=15.99, 95% CI:8.64-29.57) were more likely to be in the high-risk group. Students who experienced two (a OR=9.37, 95% CI:3.55-24.71) or three types of IPV (a OR=50.09, 95% CI: 21.06-119.14) were more likely to be in the high-risk group compared to those with no IPV experiences. Conclusions:HIV high risk behaviors among college students in Zhuhai exhibited heterogeneity across different latent groups, and these groups have different associations with IPV experiences. Universities should tailor targeted HIV/AIDS education and prevention strategies based on the characteristics of each latent group to reduce HIV high risk behaviors among college students.

Objective To investigate the current status of family resilience of children with cancer and analyze its influencing factors,to provide a basis for medical staff to formulate intervention plans.Methods Using a convenient sampling method,children with cancer who were hospitalized in 2 tertiary hospitals in Henan Province from January to April 2024 were selected for the survey.A general information questionnaire,family resilience assessment scale,quality of life family version,ZBI caregiver burden interview,and social support rating scale were used to understand the current status of family resilience of children with cancer and to explore the related influencing factors by univariate analysis and multiple stepwise linear regression analysis.Results A total of 280 questionnaires were distributed and 265 valid questionnaires were recovered,with a valid questionnaire recovery rate of 94.64％.The total score of family resilience for primary caregivers of children with cancer was(185.63±30.66).The multiple stepwise linear regression analysis results showed that the children's self-care ability,caregiver's work status,family care burden,and social support level were the influencing factors for family resilience of children with cancer(P＜0.05),and the explanatory variance was 51.3％.Conclusion The family resilience of children with cancer is at a medium level.The worse the children's self-care ability and the heavier the family care burden,the worse the family resilience;the caregiver's work status and good social support are helpful for the family resilience of children with cancer.Healthcare workers should develop intervention programs to address these factors to enhance the family resilience of children with cancer.

Objective To investigate the current status of family resilience of children with cancer and analyze its influencing factors,to provide a basis for medical staff to formulate intervention plans.Methods Using a convenient sampling method,children with cancer who were hospitalized in 2 tertiary hospitals in Henan Province from January to April 2024 were selected for the survey.A general information questionnaire,family resilience assessment scale,quality of life family version,ZBI caregiver burden interview,and social support rating scale were used to understand the current status of family resilience of children with cancer and to explore the related influencing factors by univariate analysis and multiple stepwise linear regression analysis.Results A total of 280 questionnaires were distributed and 265 valid questionnaires were recovered,with a valid questionnaire recovery rate of 94.64％.The total score of family resilience for primary caregivers of children with cancer was(185.63±30.66).The multiple stepwise linear regression analysis results showed that the children's self-care ability,caregiver's work status,family care burden,and social support level were the influencing factors for family resilience of children with cancer(P＜0.05),and the explanatory variance was 51.3％.Conclusion The family resilience of children with cancer is at a medium level.The worse the children's self-care ability and the heavier the family care burden,the worse the family resilience;the caregiver's work status and good social support are helpful for the family resilience of children with cancer.Healthcare workers should develop intervention programs to address these factors to enhance the family resilience of children with cancer.

Objective:To explore the trajectory of changes in electronic health literacy in young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) combined with diabetes mellitus (DM) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and to analyze its relationship with unplanned readmission within 30 days.Methods:A convenience sample of 210 young and middle-aged CHD patients with DM who underwent PCI in the Department of Cardiology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, from February 2023 to June 2024 was selected. The e-Health Literacy Scale (eHEALS) was used to assess electronic health literacy at the 3rd day (T 1), 15th day (T 2), and 30th day (T 3) after PCI. Unplanned readmission within 30 days after discharge was recorded. Latent class growth model (LCGM) was used to identify categories and characteristics of electronic health literacy trajectories. Kaplan-Meier method was applied to plot the cumulative incidence of 30-day unplanned readmission, and the Log-Rank test was used to compare differences among different trajectory types. Results:A total of 207 patients completed the entire survey and follow-up, with a valid response rate of 98.57% (207/210). eHEALS scores gradually increased after PCI, with scores of (6.75±1.31), (11.55±3.31), and (15.56±5.75) at T 1, T 2, and T 3, respectively. Two potential categories were identified: persistent low-level type (85 cases, 41.06%) and gradually improving type (122 cases, 58.94%). Twenty-six patients experienced unplanned readmission within 30 days, with an incidence of 12.56%. The proportions of unplanned readmission within 30 days were 20.00% (17/85) in the persistent low-level group and 7.38% (9/122) in the gradually improving group, with a statistically significant difference (χ 2=7.268, P=0.007). Kaplan-Meier cumulative risk function analysis showed that the cumulative incidence of 30-day unplanned readmission in the gradually improving group was lower than that in the persistent low-level group, with a statistically significant difference (Log-Rank=7.683, P=0.006) . Conclusions:Young and middle-aged CHD patients with DM after PCI show trajectory characteristics in electronic health literacy. Although the electronic health literacy of some patients gradually improved after PCI, persistent low-level literacy was still common, and patients in the persistent low-level group had a higher risk of 30-day unplanned readmission, which deserves clinical attention.

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of different daily doses of aspirin in the prevention of preeclampsia （PE）. METHODS The case-control studies and prospective randomized controlled trials on aspirin with daily dose ≥ 100 mg （trial group） vs. ＜100 mg （control group） in the prevention of PE were retrieved from PubMed， Medline， Embase， the Cochrane Library， CNKI， China Biomedical Literatue Database and Wanfang Data from base-building to January 2025. After literature screening， data extraction and quality evaluation， meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS A total of 11 literatures were included， involving 3 052 pregnant women. Meta-analysis showed the incidence of PE [RR＝0.63， 95%CI （0.53，0.76）， P＜0.000 01]， gestational hypertension [RR＝0.69， 95%CI （0.50，0.94），P＝0.02]， preterm birth [RR＝0.56， 95%CI （0.47，0.66）， P＜0.000 01]， and intrauterine growth retardation [RR＝0.73，95%CI （0.61，0.87），P＝0.000 5] in trial groups were significantly lower than control group. The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage between the two groups had no statistically significant difference [RR＝1.17， 95%CI （0.90，1.53），P＝0.25]. Subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of PE in Chinese pregnant women taking 150 mg of aspirin was significantly higher than taking 100 mg of aspirin [RR＝3.40， 95%CI （1.29， 8.93）， P＝0.01]； but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidences of postpartum hemorrhage， preterm birth （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin with daily dose ≥100 mg is more effective in preventing PE than daily dose ＜100 mg， with lower rates of gestational hypertension， preterm birth， and intrauterine growth retardation. It does not increase the risk of postpartum hemorrhage. For pregnant women in China， daily dose 100 mg of aspirin may be more effective in preventing PE than 150 mg.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of circular RNA nuclear receptor interacting protein 1(circNRIP1)expression on exhaustion of CD8+T cells in cervical cancer cells.Methods Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of circNRIP1 in cervical epithelial cells HCerEpic and cer-vical cancer cells C-33A,Hela,SiHa,and CS121.C-33A cells were divided into Vector group,circNRIP1 group,and circNRIP1+miR-138-5p group,while CS121 cells were divided into sh-NC group,sh-circNRIP1 group,and sh-circNRIP1+miR-138-5p inhibitor.Human peripheral blood CD8+T cells were extracted,and C-33A cells in Vector group and circNRIP1 group were co-incubated with CD8+T cells for 24 hours(CD8+T/Vector group and CD8+T/Vector group).CS121 cells in sh-NC group and sh-circNRIP1 group were co-incu-bated with CD8+T cells for 24 hours(CD8+T/sh NC group and CD8+T/sh-circNRIP1 group).Cytotoxicity experiments were conducted to detect the killing ability of CD8+T cells,ELISA was used to detect the levels of interleukin(IL)-2,interferon(IFN)-γ,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in the cell supernatant.Flow cy-tometry was used to detect the expression of programmed death receptor-1(PD-1),T cell Immunoglobulin domain and Mucin domain protein-3(TIM3),and lymphocyte activation gene 3(LAG3)in CD8+T cells.Dual luciferase reporter gene experiments were conducted to verify the targeting relationship between circNRIP1 and miR-138-5p,as well as the targeting relationship between miR-138-5p and PD-L1.Results The expres-sions of circNRIP1 in C-33A,Hela,SiHa,and CS121 cells were significantly higher than those in HCerEpic(P＜0.05).The killing ability of CD8+T cells against C-33A cells in the circNRIP1 group was lower than their killing ability against Vector group cells.The levels of IL-2,IFN-γ,and TNF-α secreted by CD8+T cells in the CD8+T/circNRIP1 group were significantly lower than those in the CD8+T/Vector group(P＜0.05),and the levels of PD-1,LAG-3,and TIM-3 expressed by CD8+T cells in the CD8+T/circNRIP1 group were al-so significantly higher than those in the CD8+T/Vector group(P＜0.05).The killing ability of CD8+T cells against sh-circNRIP1 group CS121 cells was higher than their killing ability against sh-NC group cells(P＜0.05).The levels of IL-2,IFN-γ,and TNF-α secreted by CD8+T cells in the CD8+T/sh-circNRIP1 group were significantly higher than those in the CD8+T/sh-NC group(P＜0.05).The PD-1,LAG-3,and TIM-3 levels of CD8+T cells in the CD8+T/sh-circNRIP1 group were also significantly lower than those in the CD8+T/sh-NC group(P＜0.05).The results of the dual-luciferase reporter gene experiment showed that miR-138-5p was the target gene of circNRIP1,and PD-L1 was the target gene of miR-138-5p.Conclusion circNRIP1 can in-duce the exhaustion of CD8+T cells by upregulating the expression of PD-L1.