ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanisms by which Huanglian Jiedutang （HLJDT） modulates microglial （MG） phenotypes through the sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 2 （SIGLEC2/CD22）/Src-homology-2-domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 （SHP-1）/phosphorylated protein kinase B （p-Akt） signaling pathway， thereby promoting myelin repair and alleviating agitation-like behaviors in vascular dementia （VAD）. MethodsSixty C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to a sham （normal） group， model group， HLJDT low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （2.5， 5， and 10 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and a risperidone group （2 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， with 10 mice per group. VAD was induced by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis （BCAS）. From day 42， mice received drug interventions for 2 weeks. Agitation-like behaviors were assessed using the resident-intruder test. After behavioral testing， ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamus （VMHvl） tissues were collected. Western blot was used to measure protein levels of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein （MOG）， myelin basic protein （MBP）， proteolipid protein （PLP）， inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）， arginase-1 （Arg1）， CD86， CD206， and CD22， SHP-1， and p-Akt. Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate myelin-associated glycoprotein （MAG） intensity and the proportion of iNOS⁺/ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 （Iba1）⁺ cells. ELISA was used to detect tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin （IL）-6， and IL-1β. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group exhibited markedly increased biting and aggressive behaviors and shortened attack latency （P<0.01）. MOG， MBP， and PLP protein levels and MAG fluorescence intensity were significantly reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. INOS and CD86 expression and TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β levels were significantly elevated （P<0.01）. CD22 and SHP-1 expression increased significantly （P<0.01）， whereas p-Akt expression decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the medium- and high-dose HLJDT groups and the risperidone group showed markedly reduced biting and aggression （P<0.05， P<0.01） and prolonged attack latency （P<0.01）. MOG， MBP， and PLP levels and MAG fluorescence intensity were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. INOS， CD86， TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β levels decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. CD22 and SHP-1 expression decreased， while p-Akt expression increased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionHLJDT may modulate CD22/SHP-1/p-Akt signaling in the VMHvl， promote the shift of MG toward an anti-inflammatory and phagocytic phenotype， enhance myelin repair， and improve agitation-like behaviors in VAD mice.

OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the effects of supplementation with different doses of vitamin D on maternal and infant outcomes in vitamin D-deficient pregnant women. METHODS Related literature on the effects of supplementing different doses of vitamin D on maternal and infant outcomes was searched in databases including CNKI， Wanfang Data， VIP， PubMed， Medline， the Cochrane Library， Embase from their inception to June 30， 2025. The risk of bias assessment tool from the Cochrane Handbook 5.1 was used to evaluate the quality of included literature. Meta-analysis of outcome indicators was performed by using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS A total of 15 studies were included， involving 4 664 patients [2 129 in the experimental group （daily dose ＞2 000 IU）， 2 058 in control group 1 （daily dose ≤1 000 IU） and 477 in control group 2 （daily dose ＞1 000-≤2 000 IU） ] . Meta-analysis results showed that the incidence of preeclampsia （PE） [OR＝0.71， 95%CI （0.53， 0.96）， P ＝0.03 ] ， gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） [OR＝0.60， 95%CI （0.43， 0.84）， P ＝0.003 ] ， low birth weight of newborn [OR＝0.72， 95%CI （0.53， 0.97）， P ＝0.03 ] and macrosomia [OR＝0.53， 95%CI （0.29， 0.98）， P ＝0.04 ] in the experimental group were significant lower than control group 1； but there was no significant difference in the incidence of premature delivery [OR＝0.86， 95%CI （0.65， 1.13）， P ＝0.28 ] ， cesarean delivery [OR＝0.92， 95%CI （0.74， 1.15）， P ＝0.48 ] or stillbirth rate [OR＝0.77， 95%CI （0.48， 1.24）， P ＝0.29 ] . The incidence of low birth weight of ne wborn [OR＝0.64， 95%CI （0.41， 0.98）， P ＝0.04 ] in the experimental group was significant lower than control group 2； but there was no significant difference in the incidence of PE [OR＝0.61， 95%CI （0.25， 1.49）， P ＝0.28 ] ， the incidence of GDM [OR＝0.73， 95%CI （0.42， 1.24）， P ＝0.24 ] ， premature delivery rate [OR＝0.90， 95%CI （0.59， 1.39）， P ＝0.63 ] ， cesarean delivery rate [OR＝0.92， 95%CI （0.64， 1.33）， P ＝0.66 ] ， or stillbirth rate [OR＝0.68， 95%CI （0.24， 1.94）， P ＝0.48 ] . CONCLUSIONS Different doses of vitamin D supplementation in early pregnancy have a significant impact on maternal and infant pregnancy outcomes in vitamin D-deficient pregnant women； daily doses ＞2 000 IU have significant advantages in reducing the incidence of PE and GDM and improving the outcome of premature delivery.

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of different daily doses of aspirin in the prevention of preeclampsia （PE）. METHODS The case-control studies and prospective randomized controlled trials on aspirin with daily dose ≥ 100 mg （trial group） vs. ＜100 mg （control group） in the prevention of PE were retrieved from PubMed， Medline， Embase， the Cochrane Library， CNKI， China Biomedical Literatue Database and Wanfang Data from base-building to January 2025. After literature screening， data extraction and quality evaluation， meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS A total of 11 literatures were included， involving 3 052 pregnant women. Meta-analysis showed the incidence of PE [RR＝0.63， 95%CI （0.53，0.76）， P＜0.000 01]， gestational hypertension [RR＝0.69， 95%CI （0.50，0.94），P＝0.02]， preterm birth [RR＝0.56， 95%CI （0.47，0.66）， P＜0.000 01]， and intrauterine growth retardation [RR＝0.73，95%CI （0.61，0.87），P＝0.000 5] in trial groups were significantly lower than control group. The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage between the two groups had no statistically significant difference [RR＝1.17， 95%CI （0.90，1.53），P＝0.25]. Subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of PE in Chinese pregnant women taking 150 mg of aspirin was significantly higher than taking 100 mg of aspirin [RR＝3.40， 95%CI （1.29， 8.93）， P＝0.01]； but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidences of postpartum hemorrhage， preterm birth （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin with daily dose ≥100 mg is more effective in preventing PE than daily dose ＜100 mg， with lower rates of gestational hypertension， preterm birth， and intrauterine growth retardation. It does not increase the risk of postpartum hemorrhage. For pregnant women in China， daily dose 100 mg of aspirin may be more effective in preventing PE than 150 mg.

ObjectiveTo investigate the ameliorative effects of quercetin on neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with vascular dementia （VaD） and to elucidate the molecular mechanism， specifically whether quercetin inhibits pro-inflammatory activation of microglia by modulation of the receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 （RIPK1）/NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）/Caspase-1 signaling pathway， thereby promoting myelin repair in the medial prefrontal cortex （mPFC）. MethodsA C57BL/6J mouse model of VaD with neuropsychiatric symptoms was established by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis （BCAS） combined with chronic restraint stress （CRS）. Mice were randomly divided into a sham group， a model group， low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose quercetin groups （30， 60， 120 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， and a fluoxetine group （10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）. After intervention， depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors were assessed by the sucrose preference test （SPT）， forced swim test （FST）， open field test （OFT）， and elevated plus maze （EPM）. mPFC tissue was collected. Immunofluorescence （IF） was used to detect myelin basic protein （MBP） expression and microglial morphology. Western blot was used to measure the protein level of MBP， myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein （MOG）， myelin-associated glycoprotein （MAG）， inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）， CD86， RIPK1， phosphorylated RIPK1 （Ser166）， NLRP3， and Caspase-1. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interleukin-1β （IL-1β）. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the model group exhibited significant depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors （P<0.01）， significantly decreased protein expression of MBP， MOG， and MAG in the mPFC （P<0.01）， activated microglia （characterized by enlarged cell bodies， reduced protrusions， and upregulated iNOS and CD86 expressions， P<0.01）， and significantly elevated p-RIPK1/RIPK1 ratio， NLRP3， Caspase-1 protein expression， and level of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β （P<0.01， P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the quercetin treatment （especially at medium and high doses） significantly ameliorated these behavioral abnormalities （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased the expression of MBP （protein and fluorescence intensity）， MOG， and MAG in the mPFC （P<0.05， P<0.01）， suppressed excessive microglial activation （characterized decreased cell bodies， increased protrusions， and downregulated iNOS and CD86 expressions， P<0.01）， and significantly reduced the p-RIPK1/RIPK1 ratio， NLRP3， Caspase-1 protein expression， and inflammatory cytokine levels （P<0.01）. ConclusionQuercetin effectively alleviates neuropsychiatric symptoms in VaD mice. Its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of microglial inflammatory activation mediated by the RIPK1/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway， thereby promoting myelin repair in the mPFC region.

Objective: To explore impacts of sports games designed based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model (IMB) on prosocial behavior in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) attending regular classes, so as to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the development of prosocial behavior in school age IDD children. Methods: From February to March 2023, 40 children with intellectual disabilities aged 8-9 who were enrolled in ordinary schools in Beijing were recruited by using WeChat parents to send messages. They were randomly divided into an experimental group (19 before intervention, 17 after intervention) and a control group (19 before intervention, 19 after intervention) by lottery method. During the study period, children in both groups received the same frequency and quality of regular physical activities. The experimental group, in addition, underwent a 13 week sports game intervention based on the IMB model, 4 times a week, each session lasting 50 minutes. The sports game intervention scheme based on IMB model was divided into two modules,including basic training and development training:low difficulty sports game intervention based on emotion recognition, and medium low difficulty and medium difficulty sports game intervention based on social training such as "prosocial". The Griffith Empathy Measure (GEM) and the Prosocial Behavior Scale for Adolescents (PBSA) were used to assess empathy ability and prosocial behavior levels of children in both groups before and after the intervention. Results: After intervention, the cognitive empathy dimension, emotional empathy dimension and total score of GEM in the experimental group (39.15±2.85, 38.54±1.94, 77.69±3.95) were higher than control group (32.18±4.18, 32.28± 4.28, 64.56±6.48) and before intervention (33.92±4.94, 31.30±4.61, 65.23±8.47), and the differences were statistically significant ( F =12.06, 6.99, 14.90; 8.95, 7.36, 13.22, P <0.05). After intervention, compliance with public welfare factors, trait factors and total score (31.33±1.97, 16.67±1.03, 71.83±2.93) were higher than control group (22.65±1.58, 12.59±0.71, 59.47± 2.18 ) and before intervention (22.00±1.27, 12.17±0.75, 58.00±1.67), and the differences were statistically significant ( F = 17.00 , 36.54, 12.71; 29.87, 13.09, 13.12, P <0.05). Conclusion Sports game intervention based on IMB model can effectively promote the development of prosocial behavior of children with IDD attending regular classes.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of preterm births in China using medical institution survey data, thereby providing epidemiological data support for perinatal care.Methods:Based on a nationwide sampling survey on healthcare quality data from 2017 to 2022, this study included 3 547, 4 436, 4 513, 4 535, 5 068, and 5 790 medical institutions, with 7 039 107, 8 926 441, 9 006 420, 7 051 984, 7 311 862, and 7 354 062 parturient women, respectively. The overall rates of preterm birth (live births at 28 to 36 +6 weeks of gestation/overall live births) and early preterm birth (live births at 28 to <34 weeks of gestation/overall live births) were calculated at the national level, across diverse provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and for various levels of medical institutions. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the influence of maternal characteristics and medical institution characteristics on the rates of preterm birth and early preterm birth. Results:From 2017 to 2022, both the preterm birth rate and the early preterm birth rate in China showed a continuous increase. The preterm birth rate rose from 5.13% (363 036/7 079 454) in 2017 to 6.56% (487 150/7 424 734) in 2022, and the early preterm birth rate increased from 1.32% (118 021/8 971 870) in 2018 to 1.43% (106 157/7 424 734) in 2022. These rates showed an overall increasing trend in private, secondary public specialty, and general hospitals. In tertiary public specialty hospitals, these rates fluctuated around 8.0% and 2.0% from the year 2018, respectively, while in tertiary public general hospitals, these rates peaked in 2020 at 8.63% (205 570/2 381 523) and 2.19% (52 197/2 381 523), respectively. Compared with 2017, by 2022, the preterm birth rate had increased to varying degrees in all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, except for Henan Province [preterm birth rate in 2017 was 6.22% (27 173/437 187); preterm birth rate in 2022 was 5.83% (37 604/645 104)]. As for the early preterm birth rate, it showed a decline in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Henan, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Xinjiang, Yunnan, and Zhejiang, but had increased to varying degrees in all other provinces , autonomous regions, municipalities and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps across the country. The grade and location of medical institutions both had a significant impact on the preterm birth rate and early preterm birth rate (both P<0.05). For every 1% increase in the proportions of multiparous women, women of advanced maternal age, or twin pregnancies, the preterm birth rate increased by 0.014%, 0.042%, and 0.763%, and the early preterm birth rate increased by 0.004%, 0.013%, and 0.239%, respectively (all P<0.05). Conclusion:From 2017 to 2022, the preterm birth rate and early preterm birth rate in China have continued to rise, reflecting the dual challenges of changing characteristics in the childbearing population and the uneven distribution of medical and health resources faced by maternal and child healthcare in China.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide and presents many treatment challenges,especially in relation to late-stage treatment and its high recurrence rate.Angiogenesis is a key process in the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer,and studies aimed at researching and developing anti-angiogenesis therapies are therefore important for the treatment of gastric cancer.Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles released by cells,which serve as important messengers for intercellular communication.They regulate local and distant cell communication by transporting specific exosomes components,and it can also promote or inhibit the development and progression of gastric cancer by regulating the growth,proliferation,and angiogenesis of tumor cells.Exosomes transport bioactive molecules from donor cells to recipient cells,leading to reprogramming of target cells and cascade molecular reactions.This review summarizes the relationship between exosomes and tumor angiogenesis in gastric cancer,and the current research status of exosomes in anti-angiogenic therapy.The importance of the physiological structure and function of exosomes in gastric cancer angiogenesis indicates the potential importance of combining exosomes with anti-angiogenic therapy for the treatment of gastric cancer.

This document targets digital human metabolic chamber platforms and specifies construction standards and testing protocols covering the full lifecycle of " build-test-operate." It encompasses chamber engineering and environmental control, digital platform and cybersecurity architecture, metabolic measurement and multimodal data acquisition, as well as quantitative system performance and data quality indicators with verifiable acceptance tests. By standardizing architecture, interfaces, and quality control, the specification enables multicenter data interoperability and harmonized quality management, providing high-quality, verifiable, and traceable infrastructure to support precision metabolism research and clinical translation in China.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of adult eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, endoscopic manifestations, histopathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis of 29 adult patients with EGE admitted to Xijing Hospital from August 2008 to August 2024.Results:Among the 29 adult EGE cases investigated in this study, 17 cases were male and 12 were female. The mean age was (43±19) years old. The main clinical manifestations included abdominal pain (75.9%), diarrhea (58.6%), and weight loss (44.8%). The median absolute value of white blood cells in peripheral blood of the 29 patients was 7.47(6.66,12.47)×10 9/L, and the white blood cell count increased in 11 cases (37.9%). The median absolute value of eosinophil was 0.98 (0.21,4.76)×10 9/L, and the eosinophil counts increased in 18 cases (62.1%). The main endoscopic manifestations were mucosal hyperemia edema, erosion and roughness. The histopathological manifestations were characterized by abnormal infiltration of eosinophils. In addition, the most commonly involved locations were the ileocecal junction and colorectum. The treatment methods included food elimination, anti-secretory, anti-histamine, and corticosteroids. All patients were alleviated after treatment, but some patients relapsed after drug withdrawal. Conclusions:The main clinical manifestations of adult EGE were abdominal pain, diarrhea and weight loss. Some patients had elevated peripheral blood eosinophilia, and the main endoscopic manifestations were mucosal hyperemia and edema, erosion, and roughness. The histopathological manifestations were characterized by abnormal infiltration of eosinophils. Finally, EGE can be relieved by diet and drug therapy, but it is easy to relapse.

In recent years,the incidence of childhood cancer has shown a steady upward trend.Due to the unique nature of this disease,the issue of affiliate stigma among primary caregivers of children with cancer has gradually drawn attention.Affiliate stigma not only directly affects caregivers' mental health and quality of life,but also leads to reduced social support and lower self-efficacy,thereby impacting their engagement in the caregiving process and affecting the treatment adherence and prognosis of children with cancer indirectly.This article provides a review covering 5 main areas:the conceptual definition of affiliate stigma,measurement tools,influencing factors,intervention strategies,and insights and recommendations,to provide a theoretical basis and guidance for subsequent research and the development of interventions.