OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between white matter damage and sleepiness,decreased sleep quality,and cognitive decline in patients with OSA.METHODS There were 55 confirmed cases of OSA diagnosed by polysomnography(PSG)from January 2018 to May 2023 were selected,with 29 non-OSA controls also diagnosed by PSG.DKI scanning and Epworth sleepiness scale(ESS),Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),and Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scores were performed for all subjects.Differences in kurtosis fractional anisotropy(KFA)of various brain regions were compared between the two groups to identify differential brain regions,and pairwise correlations were analyzed between KFA reduction and apnea-hypopnea index(AHI),lowest oxygen saturation(LSaO2)and various scale scores in OSA patients.RESULTS The KFA values in right external capsule,bilateral corona radiata,bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus,corpus callosum,posterior cingulate gyrus of OSA group were lower than control group(P<0.05).For the OSA group:The correlation between ESS scores and KFA values of right posterior corona radiata,left superior longitudinal fasciculus,body of corpus callosum,splenium of corpus callosum are all negative(r=-0.287,-0.286,-0.276,-0.449,P<0.05).The correlation between PSQI scores and KFA values of right posterior corona radiata,left posterior corona radiata,splenium of corpus callosum are all negative(r=-0.390,-0.274,-0.348,P<0.05).The correlation between MoCA scores and KFA values of right posterior corona radiata,right superior longitudinal fasciculus,left anterior corona radiata,left posterior corona radiata,left superior corona radiata,left superior longitudinal fasciculus,genu of corpus callosum,body of corpus callosum,are all positive(r=0.290,0.389,0.298,0.278,0.340,0.473,0.344,0.344,P<0.05).The correlation between visuospatial and executive function scores and AHI,LSaO2,ESS scores and KFA values of right posterior corona radiata,left superior corona radiata,left superior longitudinal fasciculus and splenium of corpus callosum are all significant(r=-0.350,0.470,-0.343,0.401,0.284,0.387,0.274,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Patients with OSA exhibit damage to the white matter in certain brain regions.The damage to the corpus callosum,posterior corona radiata,and superior longitudinal fasciculus has the greatest impact on patients'sleepiness,reduced sleep quality,and cognitive impairment.In particular,the impairment in visuospatial and executive function is closely associated with white matter damage in the corona radiata and superior longitudinal fasciculus.

Objective:To study the correlation of TCM syndrome elements of large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) cerebral infarction with the new four thrombotic markers and cerebrovascular disease risk factors.Methods:Retrospective analysis was conducted for the baseline data and four diagnosis of 174 patients with LAA cerebral infarction in Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital from August 2022 to September 2023. These patients were classified into six TCM syndrome elements: internal wind, qi deficiency, internal fire, blood stasis, yin deficiency, and phlegm-dampness. Thrombomodulin (TM), fibrin-α2 antifibrinolytic inhibitor complex (PIC), thrombin-antithrombinogen complex (TAT), and tissue-type plasminogen activator-plasminogen activator inhibitor complex (t-PAIC) tests were performed in 24 h. Correlation analysis was conducted between the TCM syndrome typing of LAA stroke patients and baseline data, as well as the results of four thrombotic tests.Results:Among the 174 patients with LAA cerebral infarction, 49 (28.16%) were in the internal wind type, 37 (21.26%) in the phlegm-dampness type, 37 (21.26%) in the qi deficiency type, 16 (9.20%) in the internal fire type, 18 (10.35%) in the yin deficiency type, and 17 (9.77%) in the blood stasis type. Comparison of plasma TM ( P=0.003), PIC ( P=0.022), TAT ( P<0.001) and t-PAIC ( P=0.007) levels of each TCM syndrome element showed statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that gender was an influencing factor for the internal wind syndrome element and qi deficiency syndrome element [ OR (95% CI)=0.140 (0.037-0.536)] and blood stasis syndrome element [ OR (95% CI)=0.185 (0.042-0.820)] in TCM; TM was an influencing factor for the internal wind syndrome element and yin deficiency syndrome element [ OR (95% CI)=0.617 (0.423-0.900)], and blood stasis syndrome element [ OR (95% CI)=0.693 (0.496-0.968) ]; TAT was an influencing factor for internal wind syndrome element and phlegm-dampness syndrome element [ OR (95% CI)=2.143 (1.364-3.367)], qi deficiency syndrome element [ OR (95% CI)=1.937 (1.221-3.073)], and internal fire syndrome element [ OR (95% CI)=1.937 (1.221-3.073)], internal fire evidence element [ OR (95% CI)=2.949 (1.796-4.842)], and blood stasis evidence element [ OR (95% CI)=2.118 (1.246-30 600)]; t-PAIC was an influential factor for internal wind syndrome element and qi deficiency syndrome element [ OR (95% CI)=1.140 (1.033-1.258)] ( P<0.05). The ROC curve suggested that a TM level of 8.05 TU/ml had a diagnostic performance of 71.8% for the yin deficiency syndrome; a TAT level of 2.45 ng/L had a diagnostic performance of 71.2% for the internal wind syndrome; a TAT level of 1.65 ng/L had a diagnostic performance of 72.6% for the internal fire syndrome; and a t-PAIC level of 17.55 ng/L had a diagnostic performance of 70.4% for the qi deficiency syndrome. The diagnostic performance of t-PAIC was 70.4% at a t-PAIC level of 17.55 ng/L. Conclusion:Plasma TM, TAT, and t-PAIC levels are independent risk factors for different syndrome elements in patients with LAA cerebral infarction and can be used as markers for early determination of different syndrome elements.

Objective:To explore the brain white matter damage in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) using diffusional kurtosis imaging(DKI), and to analyze its relationship with anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment in patients.Methods:This was a retrospective case-control study. Fifty confirmed cases (47 males and 3 females) of moderate to severe OSAHS diagnosed by polysomnography(PSG) from November 2017 to December 2022 were selected as OSAHS group(age range from 22 to 65 years old, with median age of 40 years old), and 32 healthy controls(27 males and 5 females) of non-OSAHS diagnosed by PSG were selected as control group(age range from 19 to 56 years old, with median age of 34 years old). DKI scanning, Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ(BDI-Ⅱ), and Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA) scores were performed in all subjects. Differences in kurtosis fractional anisotropy(KFA) of various brain regions were compared between the two groups to identify differential brain regions. Correlations were analyzed between KFA reduction and anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment in OSAHS patients. To study the correlation between brain injury and anxiety, depressive mood, and cognitive dysfunction, statistical methods such as non-parametric tests for two independent samples, chi-square tests, and partial correlation analysis, were used to analyze the evaluation indicators of the two groups.Results:The KFA values in right external capsule, left anterior corona radiata, right anterior corona radiata, left posterior corona radiata, right posterior corona radiata, left superior corona radiata, right superior corona radiata, left superior longitudinal fasciculus, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, genu of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum, body of corpus callosum, posterior cingulate gyrus of moderate to severe OSAHS group were all lower than those in the control group( t=-2.247, -3.028, -3.955, -4.871, -2.632, -2.594, -2.121, -2.167, -3.129, -2.015, -2.317, -2.313, -2.152, P<0.05). For the moderate to severe OSAHS group, the correlation between AHI and KFA values of right posterior corona radiata, right superior corona radiata, left anterior corona radiata, left posterior corona radiata, left superior corona radiata, left superior longitudinal fasciculus, genu of corpus callosum, body of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum were all negative( r=-0.378, -0.307, -0.337, -0.343, -0.341, -0.613, -0.390, -0.384, -0.396, P<0.05). The correlation between LSO 2 and KFA values of right anterior corona radiata, right posterior corona radiata, right superior corona radiata, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, left anterior corona radiata, left posterior corona radiata, left superior corona radiata, left superior longitudinal fasciculus, genu of corpus callosum, body of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum, posterior cingulate gyrus were all positive( r=0.330, 0.338, 0.425, 0.312, 0.433, 0.358, 0.410, 0.459, 0.473, 0.659, 0.489, 0.356, P<0.05). The correlation between BAI scores and KFA values of right external capsule, right anterior corona radiata, left posterior corona radiata, left superior corona radiata, body of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum were all negative( r=-0.306, -0.372, -0.296, -0.346, -0.318, -0.386, P<0.05). The correlation between BDI-Ⅱ scores and KFA values of right superior corona radiata, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, left anterior corona radiata, genu of corpus callosum, body of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum were all negative( r=-0.334, -0.289, -0.309, -0.310, -0.503, -0.469, P<0.05). The correlation between MoCA scores and KFA values of right posterior corona radiata, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, left anterior corona radiata, left superior corona radiata, left superior longitudinal fasciculus, genu of corpus callosum, body of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum were all positive( r=0.368, 0.431, 0.324, 0.410, 0.469, 0.384, 0.369, 0.309, P<0.05). Conclusions:With the aggravation of OSAHS, the damage to some brain regions becomes more pronounced in moderate to severe OSAHS patients. These damage brain functional areas are closely related to the anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment of patients.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) concentration and heart failure and all-cause death in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).Methods The prospective cohort study design was used in the present study.The ESRD patients who were admitted to the department of ne-phropathy in the Hospital and without heart failure symptoms were recruited in this study.The data of patients was collected through baseline questionnaires, physical examinations, echocardiography, and laboratory examinations.The serum FGF23 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) .The follow-up time was 2 years.The onset of heart failure (ACC/AHA stage C-D) and all-cause death were composite endpoint events.The Cox proportional risk model was used to explore the risk factors of outcome events.Through subgroup analyses and interaction analyses, further exploration was conducted to determine whether there was heterogeneity in the as-sociation between FGF23 and outcome events in different subgroups.Results Ultimately,107 ESRD patients were included in this study, with an average age of (52.00 ± 12.51) years.There were 39 males (36.45％), and the median follow-up time was 23 months (21, 25 months).There were 32 (29.9％) outcome events, of which 22 (20.6％) onset of heart failure and 10 (9.3％) all-cause of deaths.The results of this study showed that the con-centration of FGF23 in the outcome event group was significantly higher than that in the non-event group [ (4.40 ± 1.16) pmol/ml vs (3.85 ± 0.82) pmol/ml,P<0.05].The Cox proportional risk model showed that the elevated FGF23 was associated with increased risk of the composite endpoint events in ESRD patients (HR=1.730 , 95％CI:1.164-2.570 , P=0.007) .Subgroup analyses showed that there was an interactive effect between FGF23 levels and gender on the risk of cardiovascular outcome events.Especially in male ESRD patients, the increased FGF23 level was correlated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events (P-interaction <0.05).Conclusion Elevated serum FGF23 is an independent risk factor for the onset of heart failure and all-cause of mortality in ESRD patients, especially in male patients.

A combined radiation-wound injury refers to a radiation injury combined with a traumatic wound, with the characteristics of repeated ulceration and a long and difficult healing process, which is a focus in the field of research on difficult-to-heal wounds. To research combined radiation-wound injuries, the establishment of animal models is a key part, and appropriate animal models are a guarantee of reliable experimental results. This review summarizes the current research progress on various animal models of combined radiation-wound injuries in terms of radiation types, animal species, and injury types and location, aiming to provide a scientific basis for establishing standardized animal models, studying injury mechanisms, and evaluating prevention and treatment efficacy for combined radiation-wound injuries.

OBJECTIVE To explore the changes of brain white matter of the patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)with magnetic resonance diffusional kurtosis imaing(DKI).METHODS There were 38 patients with OSAHS examined by polysomnogram(PSG)from November 2017 to June 2021,and 32 non-OSAHS controls matched in gender and age who were included in this study.All the subjects were scanned by DKI.The different encephalic regions through comparing kurtosis fractional anisotropy(KFA)values of all encephalic regions between the two groups were found,and the relationship between the KFA values of the different encephalic regions in OSAHS patients and the apnea-hypopnea index(AHI),lowest saturation oxygen(LSaO2)and the percent of the total record time spent below 90%oxygen saturation(TS90%)in PSG were analyzed.RESULTS The KFA values of white matter fiber tracts in corpus callosum,bilateral corona radiata,cingulate gyrus,right superior cerebellar peduncle and inferior cerebellar peduncle of OSAHS group were obviously lower than control group(P<0.05).After controlling for age and body mass index(BMI),the partial correlation between AHI and the KFA values of corpus callosum,left posterior corona radiata,right anterior corona radiata,cingulate gyrus in OSAHS group were also negative(r=-0.344,-0.380,-0.406,-0.53,P<0.05).The partial correlation between LSaO2 and the KFA values of corpus callosum,left posterior corona radiata,right anterior corona radiata,cingulate gyrus,right superior cerebellar peduncle in OSAHS group were also positive(r=0.366,0.406,0.446,0.404,0.342,P<0.05).The partial correlation between TS90%and the KFA values of corpus callosum,left posterior corona radiata,right anterior corona radiata,cingulate gyrus,right superior cerebellar peduncle and inferior cerebellar peduncle in OSAHS group were also negative(r=-0.414,-0.352,-0.355,-0.336,-0.456,-0.360,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Recurrent apnea and hypoxemia at night of OSAHS patients can cause damage to white matter fibers in parts of encephalic regions.

Objective:To analyze the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation in combination with adefovir dipivoxil and lamivudine on liver fibrosis indicators and cellular immunity in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.Methods:A total of 150 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis who received treatment at The First Hospital of Yulin from February 2021 to April 2023 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups using the random number table method, with 75 patients in each group. Both groups received treatment with adefovir dipivoxil and lamivudine, but the observation group also received vitamin D3 supplementation. Before and after treatment, liver function indicators, liver fibrosis indicators, and cellular immunity were measured and compared between the two groups to evaluate the efficacy of the treatments. Adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal bleeding, hypophosphatemia, and headache were observed.Results:After treatment, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in the observation group were significantly lower compared with the control group [(30.81 ± 3.24) U/L vs. (39.82 ± 4.07) U/L, (31.78 ± 3.19) U/L vs. (37.96 ± 3.89) U/L, t = 15.00, 10.64, both P < 0.001]. After treatment, the levels of serum hyaluronic acid and laminin in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = 4.13, 8.45, both P < 0.001). After treatment, the levels of CD 4+ and CD 4+/CD 8+ in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the level of CD 8+ was significantly lower ( t = 6.32, 14.10, 8.10, all P < 0.001). The total response rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [89.33% (67/75) vs. 70.67% (53/75), χ2 = 8.17, P < 0.05]. There was no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal bleeding and headache between the control and observation groups ( χ2 = 0.32, P > 0.05). Conclusion:Vitamin D3 supplementation in combination with adefovir dipivoxil and lamivudine is remarkably effective in the treatment of hepatitis B cirrhosis. The combined therapy can efficiently correct cellular immune disorders in patients, mitigate liver fibrosis, enhance liver function, and is considered highly safe.

Purpose To analyze the clinical and CT features of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach.Materials and Methods A total of 38 patients with hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach from September 2012 to April 2023 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were retrospectively reviewed,and the clinicopathological data,laboratory examinations,and CT characteristics of the tumor size,morphology,density,border,enhancement pattern,metastasis and invasion were recorded and analyzed.Results Among 38 patients,there were 24 cases with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein levels and 32 cases with positive immunohistochemical alpha-fetoprotein expression.The maximum diameter was 2.38-11.95 cm in the portal phase,with the median(interquartile range)of 5.200(3.365,7.215)cm.On contrast-enhanced CT scan,there were 23 cases with ulceration,20 cases with internal necrosis,25 cases with peripheral invasion,14 cases with liver metastases,and 5 cases with carcinoma emboli in the portal system.Conclusion Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach is a rare tumor.Serum alpha-fetoprotein often increases.Size of the tumor is often large on contrast-enhanced CT scan,necrosis,progressive or continuous enhancement,metastasis and invasion of the portal vein are commonly manifested.Understanding these characteristics is helpful to improve the diagnostic level.

Objective:To evaluate inflammation early in the infarct zone and its dynamic changes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using 18F-FDG PET imaging, and analyze its relationship with left ventricular remodeling progression (LVRP). Methods:Sixteen Bama miniature pigs (4-6 months old, 8 females) were selected. AMI models were established by balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. 18F-FDG PET imaging was performed before AMI and at days 1, 5, 8, and 14 post-AMI to evaluate the regional inflammation response. 18F-FDG SUV ratio (SUVR) and the percentage of uptake area of left ventricle (F-extent) in the infarct zone, and the SUVRs of the spleen and bone marrow, were measured. Echocardiography and 99Tc m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile(MIBI) SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) were performed at the above time points and on day 28 post-AMI to assess left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and myocardial perfusion defect extent. The degree of LVRP at day 28 post-AMI was defined as ΔLVESV(%)=(LVESV AMI 28 d-LVESV AMI 1 d)/LVESV AMI 1 d×100%. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and Pearson correlation analysis. Results:Twelve pigs were successfully modeled and completed the study. Inflammation in the infarct zone persisted until day 14 post-AMI. The SUVR of the infarct zone pre-AMI and at days 1, 5, 8, and 14 post-AMI were 1.03±0.08, 3.49±1.06, 2.93±0.90, 2.38±0.76, and 1.63±0.62, respectively ( F=49.31, P<0.001). The F-extent values in the infarct zone pre-AMI and at days 1, 5, 8, and 14 post-AMI were 0, (40.08±12.46)%, (40.00±12.76)%, (31.08±12.82)%, and 16.50%(7.25%, 22.00%), respectively ( H=37.61, P=0.001). There were no significant differences in the SUVRs of bone marrow and spleen before and after AMI ( F values: 0.69 and 0.77, both P>0.05). At day 1 post-AMI, both SUVR and F-extent in the infarct zone were significantly correlated with LVRP ( r values: 0.82 and 0.70, P values: 0.001 and 0.035). Conclusions:18F-FDG PET imaging can be used to evaluate inflammation in the infarct area and its dynamic changes after AMI. Inflammation in the infarct area is severe at day 1, and then gradually decreases. The extent and severity of inflammation visible on 18F-FDG PET imaging 1 d after AMI are closely related to LVRP.