The primary approach for clinical treatment of short stature （SS） in children is the use of recombinant human growth hormone （rhGH）. However， the high cost of treatment and the daily injection frequency place a significant economic and psychological burden on the families of affected children. For SS adolescents who have missed the peak growth velocity period of puberty， the use of rhGH alone is also difficult to significantly increase their final adult height. Numerous studies have shown that aromatase inhibitors （AIs） are effective in improving the height of SS boys， especially the combination therapy of AIs and rhGH， which has a better effect. Although the use of AIs may affect the children’s bones， cognitive function， reproductive system and hormone levels， most of these effects are temporary. Since existing research has not fully elucidated its impact on the pubertal changes of girls， it is necessary to fully weigh the benefits and risks when using AIs to treat SS girls in clinical practice. In the future， it is also necessary to carry out pharmacoeconomic research based on the medical environment of China to evaluate the cost- effectiveness of AIs for SS in children.

Background Occupational hazards in the workplace are often determined through on-site investigations and recognized hazards to determine monitoring items, and occupational health risk assessments are rarely carried out on the monitoring results. Objective Based on the qualitative results of volatile organic compounds, to monitor 8 types of volatile organic compounds in workplace air, and conduct occupational health risk assessments for workstations with disqualified results. Methods This study selected 29 enterprises from 12 key industries listed in the Work Plan for Monitoring Occupational Disease Hazards in Workplaces in Chongqing (2023) in 5 districts and counties of Chongqing. A total of 49 key workstations, including spray painting, glue brushing, glue adjustment, adhesion, printing, bonding, packing, oil film, feeding, material preparation,dispersion, and immersion, were selected for air sampling and chemical headspace treatment. The volatile organic compounds in the headspace were separated with a gas chromatography capillary column and sequentially entered into a mass spectrometer for detection. Qualitative analysis of each component was conducted using the National Institute of Technical Standards and Technology standard spectrum library and retention time. Based on the qualitative results, chemical hazards and related workstations were determined, then quantitative evaluation was conducted for key hazards in workplace air, and followed by occupational health risk assessment for the disqualified workstations using semi-quantitative exposure ratio. Results One or more of the 8 key chemical hazards were positive in the 29 enterprises, among which xylene (89.7%) and toluene (86.2%) had the highest positive rates, followed by benzene (34.5%), 1,2-dichloroethane (31.0%), ethylbenzene (20.7%), n-hexane (10.3%), and trichloromethane (6.9%), and trichloroethylene was negative. In the quantitative evaluation for occupational hazards in workplace air, the highest positive rates of chemical hazards were xylene (70.6%) and ethylbenzene (83.3%), and the highest disqualification rate of chemical hazards was 1,2-dichloroethane (50.0%). Out of the 29 enterprises, 8 reported disqualified air key chemical hazards, mainly in the workstations of spray painting and immersion. One spray painting workstation reported 3 disqualified chemical hazards, and one spary painting workstation reported 2 disqualified chemical hazards. The risk level of 1,2-dichloroethane in the spary painting workstations of 3 enterprises was high. The joint risk of 2 enterprises with multiple disqualified chemical hazards was high. Conclusion The positive rates of benzene derivatives and 1,2-dichloroethane in workplace chemicals are high in this study. The risk level of 1,2-dichloroethane in the spary painting workstations of 3 companies is high, and this substance needs special attention in future monitoring.

Objective:To evaluate pulmonary hypertension (PH) in Chinese people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receiving long-term anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and those who had not received ART for HIV infection, and to analyze the risk factors for PH in HIV infected individuals, so as to provide evidence for the monitoring and management of cardiovascular diseases in people living with HIV in China.Methods:HIV infected individuals who received long-term ART were from the NCT04463810 study cohort. In addition, using propensity score matching method, gender matched HIV infected individuals who had not received ART were selected as controls from the NCT00872417 and NCT01844297 studies. This study was a retrospective and observational clinical study. Basic data, clinical visit and cardiac Doppler ultrasonography data were collected to analyze the prevalence of PH and risk factors for PH in people living with HIV. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.Results:Among the 318 HIV infected individuals, 159 underwent long-term ART and 159 did not receive ART, which were divided into long-term ART group and ART-na?ve group, respectively. Among 318 HIV infected individuals, 30 cases (9.4%) experienced PH, including 23 cases (7.2%) with critical PH, six cases (1.9%) with mild PH, one case (0.3%) with moderate PH, and there was no severe PH. The prevalence of PH in the long-term ART group was 5.0%(8/159), which was lower than that in the ART-na?ve group (13.8%, 22/159). The difference was statistically significant ( χ2=7.21, P=0.012). Multivariate analysis showed that older age (odds ratio ( OR)=1.064, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.019 to 1.111, P=0.016) and unsuppressed HIV status ( OR=2.660, 95% CI 1.041 to 6.797, P=0.041) were independent risk factors for PH of people living with HIV. Conclusions:The prevalence of PH in people living with HIV with long-term ART is lower than that of ART-na?ve people living with HIV. Older age and unsuppressed HIV status are independent risk factors for PH in people living with HIV. Cardiac Doppler ultrasonography is helpful for the early screening of PH in people living with HIV. ART should be actively performed to reduce the incidence of PH in people living with HIV.

Objective To study the correlation between the risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease(ICVD)and behavior and life style of special service personnel,and to provide targeted reference for health intervention of special service personnel,so as to reduce the incidence of ICVD and ensure the combat effectiveness.Methods A total of 1 205 special service personnel in a sanatorium in Hangzhou from January 2019 to December 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study.Their health records were collected and sorted out.A self-made health behavior and lifestyle questionnaire survey was conducted among them under the guidance of professionals.Results There were significant differences in the prevalence of smoking,and the incidences of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia among different age groups(χ2=13.481,P=0.009;χ2=13.888,P=0.008;χ2=24.505,P<0.001).There were no significant differences in the proportion of people with BMI≥24 or systolic blood pressure≥140 mmHg among different age groups(χ2=9.247,P=0.055;χ2=2.400,P=0.663).The mean absolute risk of ICVD in the next 10 years was(1.44±1.30)%.In the next 10 years,there was 1 case(0.08%)with a medium absolute risk of ICVD,37 cases(3.07%)with low risk,and 1 167 cases(96.85%)with extremely low risk.The relative risk of ICVD significantly increased with age in the next 10 years(χ2=25.774,P<0.001).There were significant differences between the relative risk of ICVD and behavior and lifestyle among the special service personnel in the next 10 years in terms of average daily intake of fish and aquatic products,average daily intake of egg and egg products,breakfast days per week,average weekly exercise time,average weekly passive smoking,and years of alcohol consumption(F=9.794,P=0.002;F=7.523,P=0.006;F=5.622,P=0.018;F=5.955,P=0.015;F=4.777,P=0.029;F=18.946,P<0.001).The average daily intake of fish and aquatic products and years of alcohol consumption were risk factors for ICVD(OR=1.330,P=0.004;OR=1.482,P<0.001).Breakfast days per week was protective factor for ICVD(OR=0.772,P=0.024).Conclusion The development of healthy behavior and lifestyle of special service personnel is of great significance for the prevention of ICVD.With the increase of age,the risk of ICVD is relatively increased.Developing good living and eating habits,eating breakfast every day,reasonable diet,smoking cessation and alcohol restriction have a certain protective effect on the prevention of ICVD.

The occurrence of eosinophilic leukemia complicated with cardiogenic embolism and L?ffler endocarditis are relatively rare.Early accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment can improve the its prognosis.When patients have symptoms of neurological impairment accompanied by increased eosinophils,the rare etiological type of cerebral infarction should be actively screened.Further improvements are needed in the examination of bone marrow smears,detection of fusion genes associated with leukemia,screening for L?ffler endocarditis,and identification of intraventricular thrombi.In this case,the main manifestations of eosinophilic leukemia were cardiogenic embolism and L?ffler endocarditis.After active treatment,the symptoms improved,and the eosinophil count returned to normal.This study summarizes the case data of this patient and combines it with a literature review,with the hope of raising clinicians'understanding of this rare disease.

Humans ; Aminoquinolines/therapeutic use* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics* ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Mutation/genetics* ; Standard of Care

China has classified the Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) as a statutory category B infectious disease and managed it according to Category B since January 8, 2023.In view that Omicron variant is currently the main epidemic strain in China, in order to guide the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection in children with the times, refer to the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Infection (Trial 10 th Edition), Expert Consensus on Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children (Fourth Edition) and the Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy for Pediatric Related Viral Infections.The Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children (Fifth Edition) has been formulated and updated accordingly on related etiology, epidemiology, pathogenic mechanism, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination, diagnosis and treatment, and added key points for the treatment of COVID-19 related encephalopathy, fulminating myocarditis and other serious complications for clinical reference.