Objective: To explore impacts of sports games designed based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model (IMB) on prosocial behavior in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) attending regular classes, so as to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the development of prosocial behavior in school age IDD children. Methods: From February to March 2023, 40 children with intellectual disabilities aged 8-9 who were enrolled in ordinary schools in Beijing were recruited by using WeChat parents to send messages. They were randomly divided into an experimental group (19 before intervention, 17 after intervention) and a control group (19 before intervention, 19 after intervention) by lottery method. During the study period, children in both groups received the same frequency and quality of regular physical activities. The experimental group, in addition, underwent a 13 week sports game intervention based on the IMB model, 4 times a week, each session lasting 50 minutes. The sports game intervention scheme based on IMB model was divided into two modules,including basic training and development training:low difficulty sports game intervention based on emotion recognition, and medium low difficulty and medium difficulty sports game intervention based on social training such as "prosocial". The Griffith Empathy Measure (GEM) and the Prosocial Behavior Scale for Adolescents (PBSA) were used to assess empathy ability and prosocial behavior levels of children in both groups before and after the intervention. Results: After intervention, the cognitive empathy dimension, emotional empathy dimension and total score of GEM in the experimental group (39.15±2.85, 38.54±1.94, 77.69±3.95) were higher than control group (32.18±4.18, 32.28± 4.28, 64.56±6.48) and before intervention (33.92±4.94, 31.30±4.61, 65.23±8.47), and the differences were statistically significant ( F =12.06, 6.99, 14.90; 8.95, 7.36, 13.22, P <0.05). After intervention, compliance with public welfare factors, trait factors and total score (31.33±1.97, 16.67±1.03, 71.83±2.93) were higher than control group (22.65±1.58, 12.59±0.71, 59.47± 2.18 ) and before intervention (22.00±1.27, 12.17±0.75, 58.00±1.67), and the differences were statistically significant ( F = 17.00 , 36.54, 12.71; 29.87, 13.09, 13.12, P <0.05). Conclusion Sports game intervention based on IMB model can effectively promote the development of prosocial behavior of children with IDD attending regular classes.

Objective To analyze the latent classes of social alienation in colorectal cancer patients and further explore the influencing factors and cumulative effects of risk factors across different classes,thereby providing a reference for individualized interventions.Methods Convenience sampling was used to select colorectal cancer patients hospitalized in the gastrointestinal surgery and oncology departments of 3 tertiary-level hospitals in Shandong Province from January to June 2023 as the study subjects.A questionnaire survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire,Social Avoidance Scale,Social Anxiety Scale,UCLA Loneliness Scale,Sense of Coherence Scale,Family Cohesion Scale,and Social Support Rating Scale.Data analysis was performed using latent profile analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 292 questionnaires were distributed,with 270 valid responses collected,yielding a response rate of 92.47％.The results of the latent profile analysis indicated that social alienation among colorectal cancer patients could be categorized into 3 latent groups:the"low alienation group"(42.59％),the"high alienation-high social avoidance group"(14.08％),and the"moderate alienation-high social anxiety group"(43.33％).Results of logistic regression analysis revealed that employment status,stoma status,metastasis,sense of coherence,family cohesion,and social support were influencing factors across different categories.Moreover,a cumulative effect of sense of coherence,family cohesion,and social support on distinct categories was observed(P＜0.05).Conclusion Social alienation among colorectal cancer patients exhibits group heterogeneity.Healthcare professionals should identify the characteristic differences among patients,prioritise those with multiple risk factors,and develop targeted intervention measures to help them better integrate into society.

Objective To analyze the latent classes of social alienation in colorectal cancer patients and further explore the influencing factors and cumulative effects of risk factors across different classes,thereby providing a reference for individualized interventions.Methods Convenience sampling was used to select colorectal cancer patients hospitalized in the gastrointestinal surgery and oncology departments of 3 tertiary-level hospitals in Shandong Province from January to June 2023 as the study subjects.A questionnaire survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire,Social Avoidance Scale,Social Anxiety Scale,UCLA Loneliness Scale,Sense of Coherence Scale,Family Cohesion Scale,and Social Support Rating Scale.Data analysis was performed using latent profile analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 292 questionnaires were distributed,with 270 valid responses collected,yielding a response rate of 92.47％.The results of the latent profile analysis indicated that social alienation among colorectal cancer patients could be categorized into 3 latent groups:the"low alienation group"(42.59％),the"high alienation-high social avoidance group"(14.08％),and the"moderate alienation-high social anxiety group"(43.33％).Results of logistic regression analysis revealed that employment status,stoma status,metastasis,sense of coherence,family cohesion,and social support were influencing factors across different categories.Moreover,a cumulative effect of sense of coherence,family cohesion,and social support on distinct categories was observed(P＜0.05).Conclusion Social alienation among colorectal cancer patients exhibits group heterogeneity.Healthcare professionals should identify the characteristic differences among patients,prioritise those with multiple risk factors,and develop targeted intervention measures to help them better integrate into society.

Objective:To explore the value of multimodal ultrasound parameters combined with peripheral blood lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) in predicting recurrence and metastasis after radical breast cancer surgery.Methods:A total of 139 patients with breast cancer admitted to Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital from Jan. 2021 to Jan. 2022 were studied. The patients underwent postoperative multimodal ultrasonography and peripheral blood lymphocyte and monocyte examination. Patients were followed up for 2 years after surgery to evaluate postoperative recurrence and metastasis, and analyze the value of multimodal ultrasound parameters combined with LMR in predicting recurrence and metastasis of patients.Results:Among 139 patients, 32 recurrences and metastases occurred during 2-year follow-up; The peak systolic velocity (PSV), resistance index (RI), maximum lesion diameter, elasticity score, area under the curve (AUC) and peak intensity (PI) in patients with recurrent metastasis were higher than those without recurrent metastasis ( t=7.37, 4.75, 4.75, 5.46, 4.24, 5.22, P<0.05), and the LNR in patients with recurrent metastasis was lower. Pearson correlation analysis showed that PSV, RI, maximum lesion diameter, elasticity score, AUC, PI were negatively correlated with LMR ( r=-0.418, -0.502, -0.633, -0.526, -0.448, -0.482). P<0.05) ; The ROC curve showed that the AUC of PSV, RI, maximum lesion diameter, elasticity score, AUC, PI and LMR for predicting recurrence and metastasis were 0.852, 0.784, 0.791, 0.789, 0.615, 0.725 and 0.728, respectively, and the combined AUC value of each index was 0.992. Conclusions:The use of multimodal ultrasound parameters combined with LMR can improve the prediction value of recurrence and metastasis after radical breast cancer surgery.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of the nomogram constructed based on multi-modal ultrasound features combined with inflammatory complex indicators for benign and malignant nodules in breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) .Methods:102 female patients with breast BI-RADS type 4 nodules who were treated in Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital from Jan. 2021 to Mar. 2024 were included as study objects, and benign and malignant nodules were determined according to postoperative pathological examination results. Conventional ultrasound, shear-wave elastography and contrax-ultrasound were performed in each breast BI-RADS patient with Class 4 nodules using Mindray resona7 ultrasonic diagnostic instrument within 1 week before surgery to record the ultrasonic characteristics. According to the results of laboratory examination, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), PLR, the systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) were calculated and recorded.Results:There were 42 cases of malignant nodules and 60 cases of benign nodules. Compared with the benign group, there were significant differences in nodule boundary, internal echo, Alder blood flow grading, hard ring sign, area expansion after enhancement, peripheral radial enhancement and perfusion defect in the malignant group ( χ2 value was 5.83, 9.31, 5.20, 10.25, 6.99, 7.24, 4.90, P < 0.05). Compared with the benign group, NLR and SIRI in the malignant group were significantly increased, with statistical difference (t-value 3.13 and 4.33, P < 0.05). The results of multi-factor Logistics regression analysis show that breast BI-RADS were characterized by blurred nodule boundary (X1), Alder blood flow grade 2-3 (X3), hard ring sign (X4), enlarged area after enhancement (X5), peripheral radial enhancement (X6), NLR≥2.29 (X8), SIRI≥0.91 (X9) were independent risk factors for malignant nodules ( P < 0.05). Based on these factors, the Logistics regression model was established as Logit (P) = -3.217 + 0.291X1 + 1.051X3 + 0.354X4 + 0.360X5 + 0.524X6 + 0.513X8 + 0.726X9. The results of calibration curve and clinical decision curve evaluation showed that the model had good accuracy and high predictive value. ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the curve of the nomogram model for predicting benign and malignant nodules of category 4 breast BI-RADS was 0.925 (0.877-0.974), the sensitivity was 88.6%, and the specificity was 86.1%. Conclusion:The nomogram model constructed by multi-modal ultrasound combined with inflammatory complex index NLR and SIRI has certain application value in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast BI-RADS 4 nodules.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of the nomogram constructed based on multi-modal ultrasound features combined with inflammatory complex indicators for benign and malignant nodules in breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) .Methods:102 female patients with breast BI-RADS type 4 nodules who were treated in Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital from Jan. 2021 to Mar. 2024 were included as study objects, and benign and malignant nodules were determined according to postoperative pathological examination results. Conventional ultrasound, shear-wave elastography and contrax-ultrasound were performed in each breast BI-RADS patient with Class 4 nodules using Mindray resona7 ultrasonic diagnostic instrument within 1 week before surgery to record the ultrasonic characteristics. According to the results of laboratory examination, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), PLR, the systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) were calculated and recorded.Results:There were 42 cases of malignant nodules and 60 cases of benign nodules. Compared with the benign group, there were significant differences in nodule boundary, internal echo, Alder blood flow grading, hard ring sign, area expansion after enhancement, peripheral radial enhancement and perfusion defect in the malignant group ( χ2 value was 5.83, 9.31, 5.20, 10.25, 6.99, 7.24, 4.90, P < 0.05). Compared with the benign group, NLR and SIRI in the malignant group were significantly increased, with statistical difference (t-value 3.13 and 4.33, P < 0.05). The results of multi-factor Logistics regression analysis show that breast BI-RADS were characterized by blurred nodule boundary (X1), Alder blood flow grade 2-3 (X3), hard ring sign (X4), enlarged area after enhancement (X5), peripheral radial enhancement (X6), NLR≥2.29 (X8), SIRI≥0.91 (X9) were independent risk factors for malignant nodules ( P < 0.05). Based on these factors, the Logistics regression model was established as Logit (P) = -3.217 + 0.291X1 + 1.051X3 + 0.354X4 + 0.360X5 + 0.524X6 + 0.513X8 + 0.726X9. The results of calibration curve and clinical decision curve evaluation showed that the model had good accuracy and high predictive value. ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the curve of the nomogram model for predicting benign and malignant nodules of category 4 breast BI-RADS was 0.925 (0.877-0.974), the sensitivity was 88.6%, and the specificity was 86.1%. Conclusion:The nomogram model constructed by multi-modal ultrasound combined with inflammatory complex index NLR and SIRI has certain application value in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast BI-RADS 4 nodules.

AIM: To explore schisandrin B (Sch B) pretreatment reduces intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury (IIRI) through inhibiting apoptosis by activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signing pathway in mice by network pharmacology and in vivo experiment. METHODS: (1) The targets of Sch B and IIRI were searched from online databases, Drawing Venn diagram to obtain the common target of them. Cytoscape software was imported to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to establish the "Drugs-Disease-core target gene" network. The mechanism of Sch B against IIRI was predicted through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. (2) Thirty-six C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6). The model of IIRI was established in four groups except the sham operation group. Three of the groups were pretreated with Sch B, Nrf2 inhibitor ML385, and Sch B + ML385, respectively. After the experiment, intestinal tissue samples were taken for HE staining, Chiu ' s score, apoptosis staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunoblotting (Western blot). RESULTS: A total of 412 Sch B related tar- gets, 2 166 IIRI related targets and 153 common targets were screened out through network pharmacology. There were 88 "Sch B-IIRI-core target gene" included NFE2L2 (Nrf2), HMOX1 (HO-1), BCL2, CASP3 (caspase 3), and so on. KEGG enrichment analysis screened 163 related pathways, apoptosis pathway ranked high showing that the pathway may play a key role in the treatment of IIRI by Sch B. The animal experiment had shown that Sch B reduced the Chiu's score and apoptotic while upregulating Nrf2, HO-1, Bcl-2 protein expression levels and Bcl-2/Bax, downregulating Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 expression levels, thereby reducing IIRI in mice, and that Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 reversed this process (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study reveals that Sch B has the characteristics of multi-target and multi-pathway in the reduction of IIRI, and Sch B can reduce IIRI through inhibiting apoptosis by activation of Nrf2/ HO-1 pathway.

AIM: To verify the role of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/ R) injury and its relationship with pyroptosis. METHODS: Thirty-six healthy SPF male C57BL / 6 mice, 8-12 weeks old, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into six groups randomized by table of random number (n = 6/group): Sham group (S1 group)Ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R1 group), I/R + TMP treatment group: 15 mg/kg (T15 group), 30 mg/kg (T30 group), 60 mg/kg (T60-1 group), 120 mg/kg (T120 group). In experiment 2, thirty healthy SPF male C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups (n = 6/group): Sham group (S2 group), I/R group (I/ R2 group), I/R + dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) group (DMSO group), I/R + TMP (60 mg/kg) group (T60-2 group), and I/R + DMSO + TMP (60 mg/kg) + Nigericin sodium salt (NSS) group (T60+NSS group). I/R-induced intestinal injury was established by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 45 minutes, followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion, while the sham group mice underwent isolation of superior mesenteric artery without clamping. An NLRP3 agonist NSS was dissolved in DMSO, was intraperitoneally injected (4 mg/kg) 60 minutes before ischemia. And DMSO group mice were intraperitoneally administered with corresponding DMSO. Different TMP dosage groups and T60+NSS group mice were intraperitoneally administered with TMP 30 minutes before ischemia. IL-1β and IL-18 concentrations in the intestine were measured at 120 minutes after reperfusion by ELISA. The pathological changes of the sections were observed by optical microscope, and the intestinal mucosal injury was evaluated by Chiu's score grading. Western blot was used to detect NLRP3, Caspase-1, and GSDMD in intestinal tissue. RESULTS: Statistically significant increase of Chiu's score, IL-1β, IL-18 concentrations in the I/R1 group were found as compared with S1 group (P<0.05). And compared with I / R1 group, Chiu's score and IL-1β, IL-18 concentrations in the T60-1, T120 groups were reduced (P<0.05). Moreover, Chiu's score in the T120 group was lower than that in the T60 group (P<0.05). We found a statistically significant increase of Chiu's score and IL-1β, IL-18 concentrations and the expression of NLRP3, GSDMD, caspase-1 in the I/R group (P<0.05) as compared with S2 group. Compared with I / R2 group, Chiu's score, IL-1β, IL-18 concentrations and NLRP3, GSDMD, caspase-1 expression in the T60-2 group was reduced (P<0.05). Compared with T60-2 group, Chiu's score, IL-1β, IL-18 concentrations and NLRP3, GSDMD, caspase-1 expression in the T60 + NSS group were upregulated (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The protective effect of TMP against intestinal I / R injury was dose-dependent. And TMP can decrease pyroptosis mainly by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Objective:To explore the predictive effect of social support degree on the development trajectory of sleep disorder in patients with peritoneal dialysis after catheterization.Methods:A total of 281 patients who received peritoneal catheterization in Xinxiang Central Hospital from May 2021 to October 2022 were selected by the convenient sampling method. Sleep quality (PSQI) was assessed by using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at the time of enrollment (T 0) and on day 3 (D 3) , day 7 (D 7) , day 14 (D 14) , day 21 (D 21) and day 28 (D 28) after peritoneal catheterization, and then the development trajectory of sleep disorders was analyzed by the latent class growth model. After assessed by Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) , patients were divided into low social support group and high social support group, and the differences in the development trajectory distribution of sleep disorders of patients were compared between two groups. Results:There were 134 patients (47.69%) in the low social support group and 147 patients (52.31%) in the high social support group. Three potential categories of sleep disorder development trajectories were identified, including 78 cases without sleep disorder (27.76%) , 79 cases with improved sleep disorder (28.11%) and 124 cases with persistent sleep disorder (44.13%) . The trajectories showed the lowest PSQI score at D 3, followed by D 7 and T 0. In the low social support group, there were 30 cases without sleep disorders (22.39%) , 34 cases with improved sleep disorders (25.37%) and 70 cases with persistent sleep disorders (52.24%) . In the high social support group, there were 48 cases without sleep disorders (32.65%) , 45 cases with improved sleep disorders (30.61%) and 54 cases with persistent sleep disorders (36.73%) . There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of sleep disorder trajectories between the two groups of patients ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Sleep disorders are common in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis after catheterization, with an incidence rate of 72.24%, which is more obvious within one week after surgery. Patients with low social support have lower overall sleep quality and were more likely to have persistent sleep disorders.

The awake prone position plays an important role in the treatment of hypoxemia and the improvement of respiratory distress symptoms in non-intubated patients. It is widely used in clinical practice because of its simple operation, safety, and economy. To enable clinical medical staff to scientifically and normatively implement prone position for awake patients without intubation, the committees of consensus formulation, guided by evidence-based methodology and Delphi method, conducted literature search, literature quality evaluation and evidence synthesis around seven topics, including indications and contraindications, evaluation, implementation, monitoring and safety management, termination time, complication prevention and health education of awake prone position. After two rounds of expert letter consultation, Expert consensus on implementation strategy of awake prone positioning for non-intubated patients in China (2023) was formulated, and provide guidance for clinical medical staff.
Humans ; Consensus ; Prone Position ; Wakefulness ; China ; Dyspnea