To provide an in-depth interpretation of the background and rationale behind the development of the standard for plastic bottle systems and components for eye drops as outlined in the 2025 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(referred as the Chinese Pharmacopoeia),to facilitate stakeholders thorough understanding of the standard content,and to offer a strong support for its subsequent smooth implementation.Starting from the background of standard construction,an in-depth exploration was conducted into the quality control requirements for plastic bottle systems and components used for eye drops,and a detailed analysis was provided of the logic and rationale behind the establishment of quality control items.Related parties should develop product quality standards based on the general requirements of the guidelines for plastic materials and containers used in pharmaceutical packaging,taking into account the specific characteristics and practical application scenarios of plastic bottle systems and components for eye drops.The standard for plastic bottle systems and components for eye drops in the 2025 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia are more scientific and flexible,which will help improve the quality of eye drop products in our country while also promoting innovation and development in the eye drop packaging industry.

This study aims to innovate a homogeneous outpatient service management system across multiple hospital campuses to enhance service quality.Based on the practical experience of a tertiary general hospital in Guangdong Province and in accordance with the"Interim Regulations on Outpatient Quality Management in Healthcare Institutions,"we constructed a"6+1"homogeneous outpatient service management system.This system includes:① a multi-stakeholder co-governance outpa-tient management system,②a vertical and cross-hierarchical management network,③ a democratic-centralized clinical coordina-tion strategy,④ a guidance-encouragement performance evaluation standard,⑤a collaborative dynamic supervision mechanism,⑥a spiral retrospective evaluation and improvement method,and ⑦ an integrated outpatient diagnosis and treatment system.Af-ter over two years of implementation,the hospital's outpatient volume has grown by an average of over 15％annually,patient waiting time after appointment has been reduced to 20 minutes,and patient satisfaction in the tertiary public hospital performance evaluation achieved full marks.The electronic medical record system functionality reached Level 6,significantly improving healthcare service efficiency and quality while enhancing homogeneous management across campuses.

This study aims to innovate a homogeneous outpatient service management system across multiple hospital campuses to enhance service quality.Based on the practical experience of a tertiary general hospital in Guangdong Province and in accordance with the"Interim Regulations on Outpatient Quality Management in Healthcare Institutions,"we constructed a"6+1"homogeneous outpatient service management system.This system includes:① a multi-stakeholder co-governance outpa-tient management system,②a vertical and cross-hierarchical management network,③ a democratic-centralized clinical coordina-tion strategy,④ a guidance-encouragement performance evaluation standard,⑤a collaborative dynamic supervision mechanism,⑥a spiral retrospective evaluation and improvement method,and ⑦ an integrated outpatient diagnosis and treatment system.Af-ter over two years of implementation,the hospital's outpatient volume has grown by an average of over 15％annually,patient waiting time after appointment has been reduced to 20 minutes,and patient satisfaction in the tertiary public hospital performance evaluation achieved full marks.The electronic medical record system functionality reached Level 6,significantly improving healthcare service efficiency and quality while enhancing homogeneous management across campuses.

Objective:Based on the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, back propagation neutral network (BPNN), and ARIMA-BPNN model, select the optimal model suitable for predicting the incidence trend of hepatitis C in Taiyuan City according to the characteristics of the data.Methods:The data of reported cases of hepatitis C in Taiyuan from 2008 to 2021 were selected, and the seasonal trend decomposition chart was used to analyze the seasonal characteristics of the monthly incidence rate of hepatitis C in Taiyuan during the period, and the ARIMA model, BPNN model, and ARIMA-BPNN model were established to predict. The performance of the model was measured using four indicators: mean absolute error ( MAE), mean squared error ( MSE), root mean square error ( RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error ( MAPE). Results:A total of 20 025 cases of hepatitis C were reported, and the overall incidence trend was stable. The BPNN model performed well on MSE, MAE, and RMSE indicators, the ARIMA-BPNN model performed well on MAPE indicators, and the ARIMA model performed relatively averagely. Conclusions:The ARIMA-BPNN model is a better model for predicting the trend of hepatitis C in Taiyuan City, with a higher predictive performance than a single model. It has significant prospects in predicting the trend of infectious diseases.

BACKGROUND: Electroacupuncture (EA) treatment is efficacious in patients with respiratory disorders, although the mechanisms of its action in lung-function protection are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the neuroanatomical mechanisms of EA stimulation at the BL13 acupoint (Feishu, EA-BL13) improvement in asthma. METHODS: Allergic asthma was induced by intranasal 2.0% ovalbumin (OVA) instillation combined with intraperitoneal injection of the 10.0% OVA. The levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-schiff stain were used to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus secretion. Cellular oncogene fos induction in neurons after EA stimulation was detected by immunofluorescent staining. The messenger RNA expression levels of adrenergic receptors were quantified with real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: EA improved airway inflammation and mucus secretion mainly by activating somatosensory-sympathetic pathways ( P <0.001). Briefly, the intermediolateral (IML) nuclei of the spinal cord received signals from somatic EA stimulation and then delivered the information via the sympathetic trunk to the lung. Excited sympathetic nerve endings in lung tissue released large amounts of catecholamines that specifically activated the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) on T cells ( P <0.01) and further decreased the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 ( P <0.001) through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A signaling pathway. CONCLUSION This study provided a new explanation and clinical basis for the use of EA-BL13 as a treatment for allergic asthma in both the attack and remission stages and other respiratory disorders related to airway inflammation.
Electroacupuncture/methods* ; Animals ; Asthma/immunology* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Male ; Inflammation/therapy* ; Interleukin-4/metabolism* ; Interleukin-5/metabolism*

Objective:To explore the correlation between serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) and cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), and the role of deep medullary vein (DMV) score in this process.Methods:A total of 140 patients with CSVD admitted to the Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University from December 2022 to August 2024 were selected as the research objects. The basic data statistics, head magnetic resonance imaging examination, cognitive function assessment, serum sTREM2 detection and DMV score were performed. All data were analyzed by SPSS 29.0 software and GraphPad Prism 10.0 software packages. Logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of cognitive impairment. Structural equation model was used to analyze the mediating effect of DMV score on the association between serum sTREM2 and cognitive impairment. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of serum sTREM2 level and DMV score for cognitive impairment in CSVD patients.Results:Serum sTREM2 level ( B=0.017, OR=1.017, 95% CI=1.003-1.031), DMV score ( B=0.375, OR=1.455, 95% CI=1.175-1.802) and years of education ( B=-0.248, OR=0.780, 95% CI=0.635-0.958) were risk factors for cognitive impairment (all P<0.05). sTREM2 not only directly affected cognitive function, but also indirectly affected cognitive function through DMV score. The direct effect (effect size=-0.022) and mediating effect (effect size=-0.007) accounted for 75.9% and 24.1% of the total effect (effect size=-0.029), respectively. The areas under the ROC curve of serum sTREM2 level, DMV score, and their combination for predicting cognitive impairment in CSVD patients were 0.880, 0.891, and 0.910, respectively (all P<0.001). Conclusion:Serum sTREM2 not only directly affects the cognitive function of patients with cerebral small vessel disease, but also indirectly affects cognitive function through DMV score. The combination of serum sTREM2 levels and DMV score has high predictive value for the risk of CSVD-related cognitive impairment.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)levels and cerebral microbleeds(CMBs)and cognitive impairment and to assess the predictive value of HIF-1α for CSVD-related cognitive impairment.Methods A total of 104 patients with CSVD who attended the Department of Neurology,First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from June 2022 to November 2023 were enrolled.All enrolled patients were subjected to basic statistics,cranial nuclear magnetic resonance examination,cognitive function assessment,and serum HIF-1α test,and the number and location of CMBs were counted.Based on the above data the enrolled patients were grouped.The correlation between HIF-1α and cognitive function and CMBs was studied the influencing factors of CMBs and cognitive impairment were analyzed,and the predictive value of HIF-1α on the occurrence of cognitive impairment was evaluated.Results There were statistically significant differences in HIF-1α levels and cognitive function among different CMBs groups.Serum HIF-1α levels were significantly negatively correlated with overall cognitive function,visuospatial and executive function,attention,and delayed recall,and serum HIF-1α was positively correlated with the number of CMBs.HIF-1α may be a risk factor for CMBs and cognitive impairment associated with CSVD,and serum HIF-1α has potential in predict the cognitive impairment caused by CSVD.Conclusion Serum levels of HIF-1α were associated with the number of CMB and CSVD-related cognitive impairment,and serum levels of HIF-1α may have a predictive value for CSVD-related cognitive impairment.

Objective To propose a clinical typing method for lumbar degenerative disease(LDD),including the diagnostic criteria for each type and the corresponding surgical treatment strategies.Methods A total of 245 LDD patients who were admitted to Department of Orthopaedics,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from Jun.2017 to May 2022 were enrolled and assigned to nerve root type(42 cases),disc herniation type(73 cases),spinal stenosis type(61 cases),spondylolisthesis type(29 cases),and local type(40 cases)according to our diagnostic criteria of clinical typing.Treatment outcomes of various groups were compared and the reliability of the typing method was assessed using consistency test.Results A total of 205 cases received surgical treatment and 40 cases received non-surgical treatment.The surgical approach was modified transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.The patients were followed up for(20.37±6.13)months.According to Nakai's evaluation criteria,the clinical effect was excellent in 146(59.59％)cases,good in 89(36.33％)cases,fair in 8(3.27％)cases,and poor in 2(0.82％)cases,with an excellent and good rate of 95.92％.There were no significant differences in the treatment effects among different types of LDD(P＞0.05).The results of clinical consistency evaluation confirmed that the typing method had good consistency both within observers and between observers.Conclusion This clinical typing method can help to further understand the pathogenesis of LDD,improve the accuracy of diagnosis and optimize the treatment plan.

Although a single nucleotide polymorphism for N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) has been identified in patients with early-onset stroke, the role of NAT10 in ischemic injury and the related underlying mechanisms remains elusive. Here, we provide evidence that NAT10, the only known RNA N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification "writer", is increased in the damaged cortex of patients with acute ischemic stroke and the peri-infarct cortex of mice subjected to photothrombotic (PT) stroke. Pharmacological inhibition of NAT10 with remodelin on Days 3-7 post-stroke or astrocytic depletion of NAT10 via targeted virus attenuates ischemia-induced infarction and improves functional recovery in PT mice. Mechanistically, NAT10 enhances ac4C acetylation of the inflammatory cytokine tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (Timp1) mRNA transcript, which increases TIMP1 expression and results in the accumulation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and progression of astrocyte autophagy. These findings demonstrate that NAT10 regulates astrocyte autophagy by targeting Timp1 ac4C after stroke. This study highlights the critical role of ac4C in the regulation of astrocyte autophagy and proposes a promising strategy to improve post-stroke outcomes via NAT10 inhibition.