Objective:To investigate the gut microbiota and metabolic profiles of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), and to identify potential microbial biomarkers with diagnostic values.Methods:A total of 16 NMOSD patients, 6 MOGAD patients, and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited from Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology since June 2024. Fecal samples were subjected to metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. Differential microbes were identified using LEfSe (linear discriminant analysis effect size), and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate diagnostic potential. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess relationships between key microbes, metabolites, and serum antibody titers.Results:Distinct alterations in gut microbiota were observed in both disease groups compared with healthy controls. Ligilactobacillus salivarius was significantly enriched in both NMOSD and MOGAD patients and exhibited robust diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve=0.779 P=0.005). Metabolomics revealed that levels of ethosuximide and lysine-proline were elevated, while free fatty acids (15∶1) and 5, 6-dihydrothymine were reduced in the disease groups. Analysis results indicated that Ligilactobacillus salivarius abundance was positively correlated with aquaporin 4 antibody titers in NMOSD patients ( r=0.522, P=0.046). Conclusions:Patients with NMOSD and MOGAD have characteristic alterations in gut microbial and metabolic profiles.

Objective:To investigate the gut microbiota and metabolic profiles of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), and to identify potential microbial biomarkers with diagnostic values.Methods:A total of 16 NMOSD patients, 6 MOGAD patients, and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited from Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology since June 2024. Fecal samples were subjected to metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. Differential microbes were identified using LEfSe (linear discriminant analysis effect size), and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate diagnostic potential. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess relationships between key microbes, metabolites, and serum antibody titers.Results:Distinct alterations in gut microbiota were observed in both disease groups compared with healthy controls. Ligilactobacillus salivarius was significantly enriched in both NMOSD and MOGAD patients and exhibited robust diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve=0.779 P=0.005). Metabolomics revealed that levels of ethosuximide and lysine-proline were elevated, while free fatty acids (15∶1) and 5, 6-dihydrothymine were reduced in the disease groups. Analysis results indicated that Ligilactobacillus salivarius abundance was positively correlated with aquaporin 4 antibody titers in NMOSD patients ( r=0.522, P=0.046). Conclusions:Patients with NMOSD and MOGAD have characteristic alterations in gut microbial and metabolic profiles.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has achieved remarkable success in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Based on the immunomodulatory capability of CAR-T cells, efforts have turned toward exploring their potential in treating autoimmune diseases. Bibliometric analysis of 210 records from 128 academic journals published by 372 institutions in 40 countries/regions indicates a growing number of publications on CAR-T therapy for autoimmune diseases, covering a range of subtypes such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, among others. CAR-T therapy holds promise in mitigating several shortcomings, including the indiscriminate suppression of the immune system by traditional immunosuppressants, and non-sustaining therapeutic levels of monoclonal antibodies due to inherent pharmacokinetic constraints. By persisting and proliferating in vivo, CAR-T cells can offer a tailored and precise therapeutics. This paper reviewed preclinical experiments and clinical trials involving CAR-T and CAR-related therapies in various autoimmune diseases, incorporating innovations well-studied in the field of hematological tumors, aiming to explore a safe and effective therapeutic option for relapsed/refractory autoimmune diseases.

Background::This systematic review aimed to examine whether dual-task (DT) training was superior to single-task (ST) training in improving DT walking, balance and cognitive functions for individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD).Methods::Literature search was performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Metstr covering inception to May 10, 2023. And in order to facilitate comparison across trials, we calculated the effect size (Hedges’ g) of gait, balance, cognitive, and other parameters under both ST and DT conditions, using the mean change score and standard deviation (SD) of change score of the experimental and control groups. Randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of DT motor and cognitive training in individuals with Parkinson’s disease were included for this systematic review.Results::A total of 214 participants recruited from six articles (actually five trials) were involved in this review. In terms of walking ability, only double support time and stride time variability showed significant between-group difference (Hedges’ g = 0.34, 0.18, respectively). Compared to ST training group, DT training group had a more improvement effect in laboratory balance measurement (Hedges’ g = 0.18, 1.25), but no significant improvement in clinical balance measurement. No significant between-group differences were observed, thus its training effect on cognitive function was inconclusive.Conclusions::The DT training failed to achieve promising results better than ST training in improving DT walking and balance functions for individuals with PD. Any firm conclusion cannot be drawn at present, due to the limited number of eligible publications. Larger sample size and high-quality studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of DT training in individuals with PD.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between right-to-left shunt (RLS) and lesion pattern on diffusion-weighted imaging (WDI) in young patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS).Methods:Young patients with CS admitted to the Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province from January 2017 to June 2020 were selected. According to the results of head MRI, they were divided into multiple infarction group and single infarction group. The demographic characteristics, clinical data, DWI lesion characteristics, RLS and shunt volume were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the correlation between RLS and shunt volume and lesion pattern on DWI. Results:A total of 90 young patients with CS were enrolled. Among them, 61 (67.8%) were males, and their age was 39.87±3.49 years. There were 44 patients (48.9%) in the multiple infarction group and 46 (51.1%) in the single infarction group. Compared with the single infarction group, the RLS detection rate in the multiple infarction group was significantly higher ( P<0.05), the infarcts were more common in the cortex-subcortex ( P<0.05), and more infarctions were small infarcts ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cortical-subcortical lesions (odds ratio 6.875, 95% confidence interval 1.917-24.649; P=0.003) and RLS (odds ratio 2.631, 95% confidence interval 1.006-6.879; P=0.049) were independently associated with multiple infarcts in young patients with CS, but RLS shunt volume was not. Conclusions:Young CS patients with RLS are mostly multiple infarctions. RLS is independently associated with multiple infarctions in young CS patients, while RLS shunt is not.

Objective:To understand the cognition, willingness to test and influencing factors of hepatitis C (HCV) based on social software for men who have sex with men (MSM).Methods:An online questionnaire was used to investigate the target population of Blued platform users, including general demographic characteristics, sexual behavior, drug abuse behavior, cognition of hepatitis C prevention and treatment, past hepatitis C testing status and future testing willingness. There were 14 questions in the cognition part, and answering 10 or more questions were defined as "knowing" . Cognition rate, willingness to test and related influencing factors of hepatitis C were analyzed in different characteristics population. Data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results:A total of 1800 valid questionnaires were completed, of which 58.9% (1 061/1 800) had heard of hepatitis C, and the overall cognition rate of hepatitis C was 33.5% (603/1 800). The cognition rate of hepatitis C among those aged 30 years old, monthly income among RMB 5 000~10 000, high school education or above, and previous HIV testing [42.5% (371/873), 36.7% (191/520), 35.1% (584/1 663) and 37.4% (544/1453)] was considerably higher than those of the corresponding low-age, low-income, low-educated, not having HIV testing and not insisting on condom use, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The proportion of respondents who were willing to undergo hepatitis C testing in the next 3 months was 82.5% (851/1 031). The proportion of respondents who were tested for HIV in the past, had anal sex in the past 6 months and had high-risk behaviors [85.2% (766/899), 86.1% (609/707) and 86.6% (610/704)] was considerably higher than those who had not been tested for HIV, had no anal sex and had no high-risk behaviors in the past 6 months, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The survey respondents have a low cognition rate of hepatitis C, but have a higher willingness to test. Targeted publicity and education should be strengthened for this population, and convenient conditions should be provided to promote regular testing.

Objective To investigate the pathogenic mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in patients with early-onset breast cancer(≤35 years) and explore the relationships between BRCA1/2 mutations and clinical features.Methods Seventy-four patients with early-onset breast cancer were enrolled,who were treated in Hospital 307 between September 2014 and June 2016.High-throughput sequencing was used to test the 49 exon sequences and adjacent sequences of BRCA1 and BRCA2.χ2 test was used to analyze the distribution of BRCA1/2 pathogenic mutations in each group that was set up according to clinical features.Results Fifteen mutations(20.27%) were identified,including 5(6.76%) in BRCA1 and 10(13.51%) in BRCA2.Eleven new pathogenic mutations were discovered,and BRCA1:c.5470_5477delTGCCCAAT was found in one patient.The frequency of BRCA1/2 mutations in the group with a family history of breast cancer or ovarian cancer was higher than in the group without a family history (40.91% vs 11.54%) (χ2=6.534,P=0.011).Conclusion BRCA1/2 pathogenic mutation is significant for early-onset breast cancer,especially for those with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer.The new mutations may be specific to Chinese people.BRCA1:c.5470_5477delTGCCCAAT may be the ancestor mutation among the Chinese.

The pharmacokinetic profile of gallocatechin-7-gallate (J10688) was studied in rats after intravenous administration. Male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg (i.v.) of J10688 and plasma drug concentrations were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. The pharmacokinetic software Data Analysis System (Version 3.0) was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. For different i.v. doses of J10688, the mean peak plasma concentration (C 0) values ranged from 11.26 to 50.82 mg/L, and mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-t ) values ranged from 1.75 to 11.80 (mg·h/L). J10688 lacked dose-dependent pharmacokinetic properties within doses between 1 and 10 mg/kg, based on the power model. The method developed in this study was sensitive, precise, and stable. The pharmacokinetic properties of J10688 in SD rats were shown to have rapid distribution and clearance values. These pharmacokinetic results may contribute to an improved understanding of the pharmacological actions of J10688.

Objective To analyze the correlation between the expression of Ki-67 and Her-2 and clinical features in breast invasive ductal carcinoma .Methods Clinical and pathological data of 202 female breast invasive ductal carcinoma patients were collected between January 2012 and September 2014 .The correlation between the expression of Ki-67 and Her-2 and clinical features was analyzed .Results The positive rate of Ki-67 was 73.3%(148/202) and that of Her-2 was 19.3(39/202).The expression of Ki-67 was related to histological grading , ER and PR status(P<0.05),but not to age, tumor size or lymph node status(P>0.05).The expression of Her-2 was related to ER and PR status (P<0.05), but not to age, tumor size, histological grading, or lymph node status(P>0.05).Moreover, the low expression Ki-67 and negative expression of Her-2 were positvely corelated with the positive expression of hormone receptor [estrogen receptor(ER),pro-gestin receptor(PR)](P<0.05).Conclusion High expression of Ki-67 suggested that the differential grade of tumor was lower , malignant grade was higher , infiltration was stronger and metastasis was easier .High expression of Ki-67 and positive Her-2 suggests lower sensitivity to endocrine therapy and treatment .Detection of Ki-67 and Her-2 expression in breast inva-sive ductal carcinoma is of guiding significance for understanding the degree of malignancy and for evaluating prognosis .