ObjectiveTo characterize the seasonal patterns of influenza in Kunming City, Yunnan Province before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, and provide scientific evidence for optimizing influenza prevention and control strategies. MethodsInfluenza-like illness (ILI) and etiological surveillance data for influenza from the 14^th week of 2010 to the 13^th week of 2024 in Kunming City of Yunnan Province were collected. Harmonic regression models were constructed to analyze the epidemic characteristics and seasonal patterns of influenza before (2010/2011‒2019/2020 influenza seasons), during (2020/2021‒2022/2023 influenza seasons), and after (2023/2024 influenza season) the COVID-19 pandemic. ResultsBefore the COVID-19 pandemic, influenza in Kunming City mainly exhibited an annual cyclic pattern without a significant semi-annual periodicity, peaking from December to February of the next year, with an epidemic duration of 20‒30 weeks. During the pandemic, influenza seasonality shifted, with an increase in semi-annual periodicity and an approximate one month delay in annual peaks. However, after the pandemic, the annual amplitude of influenza increased compared with that before the pandemic, and the epidemic duration extended by about one month. Although the annual peak largely reverted to the pre-pandemic levels, the annual peaks for different influenza subtypes/lineages had not fully recovered. ConclusionInfluenza seasonality in Kunming City underwent substantial alterations following the COVID-19 pandemic and has not yet fully reverted to pre-pandemic levels. Continuous surveillance on different subtypes/lineages of influenza viruses remains essential, and prevention and control strategies should be adjusted and optimized in a timely manner based on current epidemic trends.

Background While A few studies have suggested associations between ambient temperature and cardiac autonomic function, the relationship between hourly temperature variations and heart rate variability (HRV) remains unclear. Objective To examine the acute effects and lag patterns of short-term ambient temperature exposure on HRV at an hourly temporal resolution during cold and warm seasons, and to further characterize the exposure-response relationships. Methods We conducted a longitudinal panel study involving 1047 eligible participants who ordered repeated 24 h ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University in Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, between March 2020 and March 2022. Twelve HRV parameters were extracted, including standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN), standard deviation of the 5 min averages of NN intervals (SDANN), standard deviation of NN intervals index (SDNNIDX), root mean square of successive differences of adjacent NN intervals (rMSSD), triangle index (TI), percent of NN50 in the total number of NN intervals (pNN50), total power (TP), ultralow frequency (ULF), very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF). Hourly meteorological data (mean temperature and relative humidity) were obtained from the nearest monitoring stations to participants' residences. Linear mixed effects models (LME) and generalized additive mixed effects models (GAMM) were employed to assess temperature-HRV associations and lag patterns during cold (from October to March next year) and warm (from April to September) seasons, with stratification by sex and age. Results A total of 1047 Urumqi residents who had repeated 24 h ambulatory electrocardiograms were included in this study. In both cold and warm seasons, the exposure-response relationship between ambient temperature and HRV showed an approximately linear negative correlation with no threshold effect; HRV parameters decreased as ambient temperature increased. The correlation between ambient temperature and HRV usually began at a lag of 6 h and disappeared around 24 h lag. The cold season induced a stronger effect on HRV decline, and for every 1 °C increase in ambient temperature during the cold season from lag 0 to 6 h, SDNN decreased by 0.72%, SDNNIDX decreased by 1.46%, TI decreased by 0.07%, SDANN decreased by 1.23%, rMSSD decreased by 1.00%, pNN50 decreased by 2.74%, TP decreased by 3.30%, ULF decreased by 3.74%, VLF decreased by 3.76%, LF decreased by 2.75%, HF decreased by 2.49%, and LF/HF decreased by 0.74%; for every 1 °C increase in ambient temperature during the warm season, SDNN decreased by 0.56%, SDNNIDX decreased by 1.08%, TI decreased by 0.29%, SDANN decreased by 0.56%, rMSSD decreased by 0.68%, pNN50 decreased by 2.11%, TP decreased by 2.64%, ULF decreased by 3.14%, VLF decreased by 2.74%, LF decreased by 1.85%, HF decreased by 1.68%, and LF/HF decreased by 0.47%. Conclusion Elevated ambient temperatures in Urumqi are significantly associated with decreased HRV in the residents, affecting cardiac autonomic function.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is the first-line intervention for non-surgical treatment of female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). However, due to the particularity of the physiological position of the pelvic floor muscles, 13% to 53% of patients are unable to perform PFMT correctly after the initial visit. In view of this, scholars at China and abroad put forward some other sports rehabilitation methods and achieve good clinical results. In this paper, exercise rehabilitation methods for female SUI patients were reviewed, including PFMT, core muscle training, Pilates, yoga, physical activities, etc., in order to provide reference for medical personnel to formulate scientific and feasible exercise rehabilitation programs for female SUI patients.

In order to establish a rapid,specific and sensitive detection method for Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus(SEZ)and to understand the infection status of SEZ in horses ente-ring China,specific primers were designed and synthesized based on the conserved gene comB of standard strain SEZ(ATCC 43079)in this work.Then,the pMD19-T-comB recombinant plasmid was constructed and used as a standard positive template.After that,the fluorescence-based quantitative PCR(qPCR)detection method based on SYBR Green Ⅰ dye was established.Totally,477 equine entry serum samples from 6 countries,including Netherlands,Belgium,Japan,Germa-ny,Argentina and New Zealand,during 2018 to 2023,were randomly selected and detected for SEZ by the qPCR method.Results showed that the established qPCR method had specific amplification for only SEZ,which illustrated a good specificity.Sensitivity test of the method showed that the limited detection amount was 4.58 X101 copies/μL.And the repeatability test showed that the coef-ficient of variation of intra-batch repeatability was less than 0.5％,while the inter-batch repeat-ability was less than 3.0％,which indicated good repeatability and high stability.Retrospective a-nalysis showed that totally 11 of 477 positive samples were detected,with a relatively low positive rate of 2.31％(11/477).Among them,all the 40 samples from Netherlands in 2018 were negative(0/40).In the samples of 2019,one positive was detected from Belgium(1/20),while all other 36 samples which form Japan and Germany were negative.In the samples of 2021,three samples(3/34)from Japan and one sample(1/20)from Argentina were positive,and all the other 40 samples from the Netherlands were negative.In the samples of 2022,76 samples from Netherlands were all negative.While in the 2023,5(5/126)of 126 samples from Netherlands and one(1/88)of 88 from New Zealand were found positive with SEZ.To summarize,The SYBR Green Ⅰ qPCR method for the diagnosis of SEZ was successfully established,and it could provide necessary technical support for the rapid quarantine of China's entry-exit and port departments,as well as the epidemiological investigation of the disease.

In order to understand the prevalence of Akabane disease(AKAD)in Guizhou Province and the molecular characteristics of the isolates,the whole-genome sequence of a strain of Akabane virus(AKAV)from a bovine AKAD-positive sample was determined and analyzed.The genotype and genetic variation of the strain were also explored.Based on the conserved S sequence,a fluores-cence quantitative PCR(qPCR)detection method was established and applied for the investigation of AKAV infection status in four large-scale beef cattle farms of Guizhou.Results showed that the S,M and L fragments of the bovine strain were highly homologous to the Tianjin strain(TJ2016/China/2016)and the Australian strain(JaLAB39/Australia/1959),where they were in the same evolutionary branch and belonged to genotype Ⅱ.Sensitivity assay found that the lowest detection limit was 2.5 X 101 copies/μL.Specificity assay showed the established method detected only AKAV with no amplification on bovine bluetongue virus(BLUV),Pasteurella multocida(PM),bovine infectious rhinotracheitis virus(IBRV)and bovine Mycoplasma bovis.The variation coefficients of inter-and intra batches in the repeatability test were both lower than 2.26％.These findings illus-trated that the established qPCR method had high sensitivity,good specificity and repeatability.A total of 298 serum samples from 4 large-scale beef cattle farms in Qianxi City and Huangping County of Guizhou Province were collected and tested for AKAV by the method.Out of 298 sam-ples,25 positive samples(25/298)were detected as positive with a positive rate of 8.39％.In sum-mary,this work provided the reference data for a deep understanding of the molecular prevalence of AKAV in Guizhou Province and laid foundation for the prevention and control of AKAD.

To construct a hybrid decision-making model that integrates knowledge-driven and data-driven approaches, and to apply it to the etiological diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia (VT).

Objective:To analyze the biological characteristics, phylogeny and the taxonomic status of strain 7712 (=CGMCC 1.17031=NBRC 113783=KCTC 15766) isolated from a clinical blood sample.Methods:Strain 7712 was identified by the cultural properties, cellular and colonial morphology, physiological and biochemical reactions, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry system, and genome correlation index analysis. The genomic phylogenetic tree was construct to analyze the taxonomic position. The virulence factors and resistance genes of strain 7712 and related strains were then compared by the online virulence factor database and online comprehensive antibiotic research database respectively.Results:Strain 7712 was urease negative, gram-negative nonfermenters, which was identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi by VITEK GN card. The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that the strain was closely related to the members of genera Ochrobactrum and Brucella. The phylogenetic tree showed that strain 7712 was clustered together with Ochrobactrum teleogrylli LCB8 T and Ochrobactrum haematophilum CCUG 38531 T, along with genus Brucella and other Ochrobactrum species. The genome relatedness indexes analysis showed that the average nucleotide identity between strain 7712 and Ochrobactrum teleogrylli LCB8 T was 98.16%, which was higher than the threshold for prokaryotic species. Genetic prediction showed that strain 7712 carried several virulence-related genes and resistance-related genes, of which the existence of OCH gene might be responsible to the resistance to cephalosporin. Conclusions:A case of human infection caused by Ochrobactrum teleogrylli is identified, which would help promote the understanding of biodiversity of genus Ochrobactrum.

Objective:To explore the impact of unidentified injectable fillers on the soft tissue of nasal dorsum and rhinoplasty.Methods:The Plastic Surgery Information System of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Dalian University was utilized to conduct an analysis of 62 rhinoplasty patients between 2018 and 2019. Specifically, this included 28 patients with an unidentified history of injectable filler rhinoplasty, encompassing 1 male and 27 females with ages ranging from 19 to 53 years and a mean age of 28.8 years. Additionally, 34 patients underwent primary rhinoplasty, all of whom were female with ages ranging from 19 to 46 years and a mean age of 26.8 years. This study examined the effects of unidentified injectable fillers on the soft tissue of the nasal dorsum by analyzing the excised nasal dorsum under a microscope. Subsequently, statistical methods were performed to assess differences in gender, age, preoperative tip protrusion/nose length, postoperative tip protrusion/nose length, dorsal augmentation modality, and satisfaction, and to investigate the effect of unidentified injectables on the rate of dissatisfaction after rhinoplasty.Results:The histopathological analysis of unidentified injectable fillers removed from the nasal dorsum revealed the presence of mainly gel and granular fillers. The gel fillers, characterized by its pink jelly-like texture, contained unidentified injectable fillers, colorless glue, and were observed to flow out upon cutting. The granular filler, on the other hand, appeared as tough, irregularly shaped tissue similar to caviar. Additionally, evidence of muscle tissue in 5 pathologic sections indicated that the unidentified injectable fillers were injected into or near the dorsal nasal muscles, leading to varying degrees of muscle injuries upon excision. A comparison of 28 rhinoplasty patients with unidentified injectable fillers for nasal dorsal augmentation and 34 patients with primary rhinoplasty showed that 11 females in the former group and 4 females in the latter group were dissatisfied with the results. Statistical analysis demonstrated no significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender ( P=0.452), age ( P=0.219), preoperative tip projection/nasal length ( P=0.681), postoperative tip projection/nasal length ( P=0.105), and nasal dorsum augmentation methods ( P=0.413). However, the initial rhinoplasty group had a lower dissatisfactory rate (4 cases, 11.76%) and the unidentified injectables group had a higher dissatisfactory rate (11 cases, 39.29%), which was statistically significant between the two groups (χ 2=6.341, P=0.012). Conclusions:The presence of unidentified nasal injectable fillers can significantly decrease postoperative satisfactory rates, increase the incidence of dissatisfaction, and have adverse effects on the soft tissues of the nasal dorsum and the overall outcome of the rhinoplasty procedure.

Objective:To observe the effect of warming needle therapy combined with Tuina(Chinese therapeutic massage)on the clinical symptoms and anxiety state of patients with cervical vertigo accompanied by anxiety. Methods:Seventy patients with cervical vertigo accompanied by anxiety state were divided into an observation group and a control group using the random number table method,with 35 patients in each group.In addition to disease education,the observation group was treated with warming needle therapy and Tuina 3 times a week,and the control group was treated with betahistine mesylate tablets orally 3 times a day.Both groups were treated for 4 weeks.The changes in the scores of the evaluation scale for cervical vertigo(ESCV),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),and Hamilton anxiety rating scale(HAMA)were compared between the two groups after treatment. Results:One case in the observation group dropped out due to failure to cooperate with the treatment during the study.In the treatment group,the total effective rate and the cured plus markedly effective rate were 94.1%and 50.0%,respectively,and 88.6%and 8.6%in the control group,respectively;the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).After treatment,the ESCV,SAS,and HAMA scores of both groups decreased significantly compared with those before treatment(P<0.01),and the scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group(P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion:Warming needle therapy combined with Tuina can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of patients with cervical vertigo accompanied by anxiety state.