Objective To evaluate the technical feasibility and safety of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)without chest tube placement for infants with congenital pulmonary airway malformation(CPAM).Methods Clinical data of 145 infants with CPAM treated by VATS from May 2019 to August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Six cases had a chest tube placement at the end of the surgery,while 139 cases did not.Among them,there were 99 segmental lobectomies,36 lobectomies,and 4 lobectomies and segmental lobectomies.Clinical efficacy and postoperative complications were observed.Results All the 145 patients underwent resection by VATS without conversion to thoracotomy.There was no mortality during the perioperative period.In the 139 cases without chest tube placement at the end of surgery,the operation time was(42.0±16.6)min,and the intraoperative blood loss was(2.7±2.0)ml.The were 6 cases who were given indwelling drainage tube for pneumothorax or pleural effusion after surgery,the rate of re-catheterization being 4.3％.The remaining 133 cases had chest X-ray review on the third day after routine surgery.Among them,8 cases had mild pneumothorax(lung compression＜20％)on the surgical side,which did not require further treatment.Before discharge,chest X-ray re-examination showed that pneumothorax was basically absorbed.All the patients were discharged with uneventful recovery,and the hospital stay was(6.6±1.3)d.Conclusion VATS without chest tube placement is a safe and feasible surgical procedure for some selective infants with congenital pulmonary airway malformation.

Background: Bone cancer pain (BCP) is not adequately addressed by current treatment methods, making the exploration of effective management strategies a topic of significant interest. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) seem to be a potential way for managing BCP, yet little is known about the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of this potential treatment. Methods: We established the male C57BL/6 mice BCP models. Behavioral tests, X-ray, bone histology, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were used to verify the analgesic effect of BMSCs. Results: Intramedullary injection of Lewis lung carcinoma cells into the femur successfully generated the mice BCP models. The number of c-Fos-positive neurons and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins in the spinal dorsal horn of the BCP mice increased. Intrathecal injection of BMSCs temporarily improved the BCP mice’s mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia without affecting motor function. This effect may be related to inhibiting spinal microglia and p-p38 MAPK activation. The analgesic effect of BMSCs may be related to the homing effect mediated by CXCR4. Conclusions Intrathecal injection of BMSCs can temporarily inhibit mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in BCP mice without affecting motor function. This effect may be related to the inhibition of p-p38 protein expression and the inhibition of microglia but not to p-ERK and p-JNK.

Objective : To observe the brain tissue injury during hypoxia-ischemia, as well as the pathological changes and the expression of ferroptosis-related factors after the use of Shenfu injection(SFI), and to explore the protective effect of SFI on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury(HIBD) by inhibiting ferroptosis. Methods : An animal model of HIBD in SD rats was constructed and intervened with SFI. Pathologic changes in brain tissue were observed by HE staining methods. Nissen staining was used to observe neuron survival. Glutathione Peroxidase 4(GPX4) and Divalent Metal Transporter 1(DMT1) expression were detected in brain tissue by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Reduced Glutathione(GSH), Lactate Dehydrogenase(LDH), Malondialdehyde(MDA), Superoxide Dismutase(SOD) and tissue iron content were determined with the kits. BV-2 microglial cell line(BV2) cells were culturedin vitroand divided into control group(Ctrl group), oxygen-glucose deprivation group(OGD group), iron ferroptosis-inducing group(Erastin group), iron ferroptosis-inhibiting group(Fer-1 group), Shenfu injection group(SFI group), and Erastin+Shenfu injection group(Erastin+SFI group). 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA) reactive oxygen species(ROS) fluorescent probe was used to detect the ROS release level; Immunofluorescence was used to observe intracellular GPX4, DMT1 expression. Results : Compared with the Sham group, rats in the HIBD group showed significant neuronal cell damage in brain tissue, decreased GPX4 expression(P<0.01), increased DMT1 expression(P<0.01), decreased GSH and SOD levels(P<0.01), and increased LDH, MDA and tissue iron levels(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01). In contrast, after the intervention of SFI, GPX4 expression was elevated(P<0.01), DMT1 expression decreased(P<0.01), GSH and SOD levels were elevated(P<0.01), and LDH, MDA, and tissue iron levels decreased(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01). The cells experiments showed that compared with the Ctrl group, the OGD group had a significantly higher ROS content and a decrease in the expression of GPX4 fluorescence intensity, and an increase in the fluorescence intensity of DMT1(P<0.01), compared with the OGD group, the ROS content was reduced in the SFI group, while the expression of GPX4 was elevated and the expression of DMT1 was reduced(P<0.01). Conclusion Hippocampal and cortical regions are severely damaged after HIBD in neonatal rats, and their brain tissues show decreased expression of GPX4 and increased expression of DMT1. The above suggests that ferroptosis is involved in HIBD brain injury in neonatal rats. In contrast, Shenfu injection has a protective effect on HIBD experimental animal model and BV2 cell injury model by reducing iron aggregation and ROS production.

Background: Bone cancer pain (BCP) is not adequately addressed by current treatment methods, making the exploration of effective management strategies a topic of significant interest. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) seem to be a potential way for managing BCP, yet little is known about the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of this potential treatment. Methods: We established the male C57BL/6 mice BCP models. Behavioral tests, X-ray, bone histology, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were used to verify the analgesic effect of BMSCs. Results: Intramedullary injection of Lewis lung carcinoma cells into the femur successfully generated the mice BCP models. The number of c-Fos-positive neurons and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins in the spinal dorsal horn of the BCP mice increased. Intrathecal injection of BMSCs temporarily improved the BCP mice’s mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia without affecting motor function. This effect may be related to inhibiting spinal microglia and p-p38 MAPK activation. The analgesic effect of BMSCs may be related to the homing effect mediated by CXCR4. Conclusions Intrathecal injection of BMSCs can temporarily inhibit mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in BCP mice without affecting motor function. This effect may be related to the inhibition of p-p38 protein expression and the inhibition of microglia but not to p-ERK and p-JNK.

Background: Bone cancer pain (BCP) is not adequately addressed by current treatment methods, making the exploration of effective management strategies a topic of significant interest. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) seem to be a potential way for managing BCP, yet little is known about the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of this potential treatment. Methods: We established the male C57BL/6 mice BCP models. Behavioral tests, X-ray, bone histology, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were used to verify the analgesic effect of BMSCs. Results: Intramedullary injection of Lewis lung carcinoma cells into the femur successfully generated the mice BCP models. The number of c-Fos-positive neurons and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins in the spinal dorsal horn of the BCP mice increased. Intrathecal injection of BMSCs temporarily improved the BCP mice’s mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia without affecting motor function. This effect may be related to inhibiting spinal microglia and p-p38 MAPK activation. The analgesic effect of BMSCs may be related to the homing effect mediated by CXCR4. Conclusions Intrathecal injection of BMSCs can temporarily inhibit mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in BCP mice without affecting motor function. This effect may be related to the inhibition of p-p38 protein expression and the inhibition of microglia but not to p-ERK and p-JNK.

Background: Bone cancer pain (BCP) is not adequately addressed by current treatment methods, making the exploration of effective management strategies a topic of significant interest. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) seem to be a potential way for managing BCP, yet little is known about the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of this potential treatment. Methods: We established the male C57BL/6 mice BCP models. Behavioral tests, X-ray, bone histology, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were used to verify the analgesic effect of BMSCs. Results: Intramedullary injection of Lewis lung carcinoma cells into the femur successfully generated the mice BCP models. The number of c-Fos-positive neurons and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins in the spinal dorsal horn of the BCP mice increased. Intrathecal injection of BMSCs temporarily improved the BCP mice’s mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia without affecting motor function. This effect may be related to inhibiting spinal microglia and p-p38 MAPK activation. The analgesic effect of BMSCs may be related to the homing effect mediated by CXCR4. Conclusions Intrathecal injection of BMSCs can temporarily inhibit mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in BCP mice without affecting motor function. This effect may be related to the inhibition of p-p38 protein expression and the inhibition of microglia but not to p-ERK and p-JNK.

Background: Bone cancer pain (BCP) is not adequately addressed by current treatment methods, making the exploration of effective management strategies a topic of significant interest. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) seem to be a potential way for managing BCP, yet little is known about the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of this potential treatment. Methods: We established the male C57BL/6 mice BCP models. Behavioral tests, X-ray, bone histology, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were used to verify the analgesic effect of BMSCs. Results: Intramedullary injection of Lewis lung carcinoma cells into the femur successfully generated the mice BCP models. The number of c-Fos-positive neurons and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins in the spinal dorsal horn of the BCP mice increased. Intrathecal injection of BMSCs temporarily improved the BCP mice’s mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia without affecting motor function. This effect may be related to inhibiting spinal microglia and p-p38 MAPK activation. The analgesic effect of BMSCs may be related to the homing effect mediated by CXCR4. Conclusions Intrathecal injection of BMSCs can temporarily inhibit mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in BCP mice without affecting motor function. This effect may be related to the inhibition of p-p38 protein expression and the inhibition of microglia but not to p-ERK and p-JNK.

Objective:To describe the epidemiological characteristics of 22 common respiratory patho-gens in patients with pneumonia in Yinzhou,Ningbo,from January 1,2015 to December 21,2024.Methods:The test data of 22 common respiratory pathogens in patients diagnosed with pneumonia or lung infection in the Yinzhou Regional Health Information Platform from January 1,2015 to December 21,2024 were collected.The positive cases,positive rates,and positive proportions were calculated.The epidemiological characteristics were described by the year,sex,age group,season,and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic period.Results:A total of 77 531 pneumonia patients were included,with 492 696 respiratory pathogen tests performed.The number of respiratory pathogen tests and positive cases of pneumonia patients in Yinzhou showed an upward trend.In the study,34.63％of the pneumo-nia patients tested positive for at least one pathogen,and the pathogen non-detection rate decreased from 79.44％in 2015 to 58.38％in 2024.The overall pathogen positive rate was 9.12％,which decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic and had not returned to the historical level after the COVID-19 pande-mic.The positive rate was highest in children aged 6-17 years(13.99％),and lowest in the elderly over 60 years(4.16％).The top 3 highest number of positive cases was Mycoplasma pneumoniae,influenza A virus,and influenza B virus;the top 3 highest positive rates of pathogen tests were Mycoplasma pneu-moniae(25.26％),rhinovirus(12.02％),and Bordetella pertussis(11.66％).The pathogen spectrum proportion in men was similar to that in women,only showing a higher ratio of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a slightly lower ratio of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(P＜0.001).Mycoplasma pneumoniae,respiratory syncytial virus,and rhinovirus infections were more common in children,while influenza virus,Mycobac-terium tuberculosis,and Streptococcus pyogenes infections were more common in adults and the elderly(P＜0.001).Influenza virus and human metapneumovirus infections were more common in winter,rhi-novirus and Bordetella pertussis infections were more common in spring,and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in-fections were relatively more common in fall(P＜0.001).After the COVID-19 pandemic,the propor-tions of rhinovirus,respiratory syncytial virus,and human metapneumovirus infections in the pneumonia patients increased signi-ficantly,reaching 7.53％,4.26％,and 2.25％,respectively,while the propor-tions of influenza B virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections decreased to 4.14％and 2.80％,re-spectively(P＜0.001).Conclusion:In the past decade,the scale of respiratory pathogen infection in the pneumonia population in Yinzhou had expanded significantly,and there were differences in distribu-tion by the year,gender,age group,and season.The respiratory pathogen spectrum in pneumonia pa-tients after the COVID-19 pandemic had a trend of diversification.

Objective:To describe the epidemiological characteristics of 22 common respiratory patho-gens in patients with pneumonia in Yinzhou,Ningbo,from January 1,2015 to December 21,2024.Methods:The test data of 22 common respiratory pathogens in patients diagnosed with pneumonia or lung infection in the Yinzhou Regional Health Information Platform from January 1,2015 to December 21,2024 were collected.The positive cases,positive rates,and positive proportions were calculated.The epidemiological characteristics were described by the year,sex,age group,season,and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic period.Results:A total of 77 531 pneumonia patients were included,with 492 696 respiratory pathogen tests performed.The number of respiratory pathogen tests and positive cases of pneumonia patients in Yinzhou showed an upward trend.In the study,34.63％of the pneumo-nia patients tested positive for at least one pathogen,and the pathogen non-detection rate decreased from 79.44％in 2015 to 58.38％in 2024.The overall pathogen positive rate was 9.12％,which decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic and had not returned to the historical level after the COVID-19 pande-mic.The positive rate was highest in children aged 6-17 years(13.99％),and lowest in the elderly over 60 years(4.16％).The top 3 highest number of positive cases was Mycoplasma pneumoniae,influenza A virus,and influenza B virus;the top 3 highest positive rates of pathogen tests were Mycoplasma pneu-moniae(25.26％),rhinovirus(12.02％),and Bordetella pertussis(11.66％).The pathogen spectrum proportion in men was similar to that in women,only showing a higher ratio of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a slightly lower ratio of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(P＜0.001).Mycoplasma pneumoniae,respiratory syncytial virus,and rhinovirus infections were more common in children,while influenza virus,Mycobac-terium tuberculosis,and Streptococcus pyogenes infections were more common in adults and the elderly(P＜0.001).Influenza virus and human metapneumovirus infections were more common in winter,rhi-novirus and Bordetella pertussis infections were more common in spring,and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in-fections were relatively more common in fall(P＜0.001).After the COVID-19 pandemic,the propor-tions of rhinovirus,respiratory syncytial virus,and human metapneumovirus infections in the pneumonia patients increased signi-ficantly,reaching 7.53％,4.26％,and 2.25％,respectively,while the propor-tions of influenza B virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections decreased to 4.14％and 2.80％,re-spectively(P＜0.001).Conclusion:In the past decade,the scale of respiratory pathogen infection in the pneumonia population in Yinzhou had expanded significantly,and there were differences in distribu-tion by the year,gender,age group,and season.The respiratory pathogen spectrum in pneumonia pa-tients after the COVID-19 pandemic had a trend of diversification.