ObjectiveTo explore the effects of Bushen Huoxue prescription on the expression of arginine vasopressin （AVP） and aquaporins （AQP）1 and AQP4 in the brain and AQP1， AQP4， and AQP7 in the myocardial tissue of the rat model of heart failure after myocardial infarction. MethodSixty healthy male SD rats were selected and randomized into sham surgery， model， Bushen Huoxue prescription， and tolvaptan groups. The rats in the sham surgery group only had their coronary arteries exposed without ligation， while those in the other groups were subjected to ligation of the left coronary artery combined with exhaustive swimming and starvation for the modeling of heart failure after myocardial infarction. After the successful modeling， the rats in the tolvaptan （1.35 mg·kg^-1） and Bushen Huoxue prescription （15.75 g·kg^-1） groups were treated with corresponding drugs， and those in the sham surgery and model groups were treated with an equal volume of normal saline for 4 weeks. Color doppler echocardiography was employed to measure changes of the left ventricular structure and function in rats. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to measure the serum level of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP）. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was conducted to reveal the pathological changes in the myocardial tissue. Western blotting was employed to measure the protein levels of AVP， AQP1， and AQP4 in the brain tissue and AQP1， AQP4， and AQP7 in the myocardial tissue. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was conducted to determine the mRNA levels of AVP， AQP1， and AQP4 in the brain tissue and AQP1， AQP4， and AQP7 in the myocardial tissue. ResultCompared with the sham surgery group， the model group showed increased left ventricular internal diameter （LVID） （P<0.01）， decreased ejection fraction （EF） and short axis fractional shortening rate （FS） （P<0.01）， increased left ventricular septal and posterior wall thicknesses （LVS and LVPW） （P<0.01）， elevated serum NT-proBNP level （P<0.01）， edema and vacuolar degeneration of nerve cells in the brain tissue， necrosis of myocardial cells and rupture of myocardial fibers in the infarcted area， and upregulated mRNA and protein levels of AVP， AQP1， and AQP4 in the brain tissue （P<0.01） and AQP1， AQP4， and AQP7 in the myocardial tissue （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， tolvaptan and Bushen Huoxue prescription restored LVID， EF， FS， LVS， and LVPW （P<0.05， P<0.01）， lowered the serum NT-proBNP level （P<0.05）， alleviated the edema of nerve cells in the brain tissue， improved the arrangement of myocardial fibers， mitigated the necrosis of myocardial cells， and downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of AVP， AQP1， and AQP4 in the brain tissue （P<0.01） and AQP1， AQP4， and AQP7 in the myocardial tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionBushen Huoxue prescription can regulate cardiovascular and cerebrovascular fluid metabolism disorders， delay ventricular remodeling， and improve the cardiac function by downregulating the expression of AVP， AQP1， and AQP4 in the brain tissue and AQP1， AQP4， and AQP7 in the myocardial tissue in the rat model of heart failure after myocardial infarction.

Objective:To evaluate the impacts of clinical,pathological,and laboratory factors on on-cological outcomes of patients with T3 N0 M0 renal cell carcinoma.Methods:The clinical data,laboratory exam results,and follow-up outcomes of 182 patients with T3 N0 M0 renal cell carcinoma who underwent nephrectomy from 2007 to 2012 in Peking University First Hospital were retrospectively collected.The 5-year cancer-specific survival and 5-year recurrence-free survival of all the patients were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method,and the statistical significance between the survival curves were compared using the Log-rank test.Variables with significant differences in the univariate analysis were subjected to the multivariate analysis by Cox regression model.All the comparisons were conducted using two-tailed test and P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:A total of 182 patients were included in this study.Of all the 182 patients,126 were male (69.23%)and 56 were female (30.77%).The mean age was (56.75 ±12.45)years.The median follow-up time was 48 months (3 -99 months).At the end of the follow-up,50 patients (27.47%)died due to the disease after a median of 29.74 months and 59 patients (32.42%)had tumor recurrence after a median of 22.12 months.The 5-year cancer-specific survival of all patients was 68.30% (95% CI:60.16% -75.84%);the 5-year recurrence-free survival was 60.70% (95% CI:53.16% -68.84%).In the univariate analysis,diabetes mellitus, tumor invasion status,Fuhrman grade,serum album,serum cholestenone,anemia,and neutrophils per-centage were associated with the cancer-specific survival and Fuhrman grade,serum album and anemia were associated with the recurrence-free survival.Variables with significant differences on univariate analysis were included in Cox multivariate regression analysis.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus (HR =2.434,95% CI:1.243 -4.769,P =0.010),hypoalbuminemia (HR =2.188,95% CI:1.074 -1.074,P =0.031),and anemia (HR =3.320,95% CI:1.839 -5.991,P <0.001)were independent risk factors significantly associated with cancer-specific survival;and higher Fuhrman grade (HR =2.552,95% CI:1.433 -4.545,P =0.001),anemia (HR =2.535, 95% CI:1.497 -4.293,P =0.001)were independent factors significantly associated with recurrence-free survival.Conclusion:Diabetes mellitus,hypoalbuminemia,and anemia were independent risk fac-tors significantly associated with cancer-specific survival of T3 N0 M0 renal cell carcinoma patients;higher Fuhrman grade and anemia were independent risk factors significantly associated with tumor recurrence of T3 N0 M0 renal cell carcinoma patients.