Aplastic anemia is a rare and life-threatening bone marrow failure that is becoming more common and tends to affect younger individuals.Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of preventing and treating asthenia and blood syndrome.Its treatment of aplastic anemia involves coordinated regulation through multiple components,targets,and channels.The article classifies and elaborates on the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and their components on aplastic anemia.As well as the expression of related factors from three aspects:hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells,the immune system,and bone marrow microenvironmental abnormalities.It also analyzes the frequency and meridian of commonly used drugs in traditional Chinese medicine compounds.Deficiency tonifying drugs were found to be the most frequently used treatment for aplastic anemia,which is consistent with the deficiency-based nature of the disease.The related organs affected are the liver,spleen,and kidney.This paper reviews the mechanism of aplastic anemia and the preventive and therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine.The study is of great significance for the follow-up research on traditional Chinese medicine in improving aplastic anemia.

Designation of ideological and political teaching of Medical Immunology courses focuses on"cultivate talent for Party and the State",and adheres to goal of"build morality and cultivate people".From perspective of big ideology and politics,with basic foundation of"major guiding,disciplines supporting and curriculum shaping",principle of"six combinations"is applied to con-struct ideological and political cases of Medical Immunology courses,to create an infiltrating teaching pattern,which simultaneously cultivate talent for the Party and the State,and forms a synergistic effect of professional course learning and ideological and political learning.

Objective To explore and summarize the locations,clinical manifestations,and treatment strategies of foreign bodies in the oral and maxillofacial region(FBOMR)among patients treated in our hospital,providing clinical insights and references for the pre-vention and management of FBOMR.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 17 FBOMR patients hos-pitalized in our hospital from May 2022 to May 2024.The demographic information,etiology of injury,characteristics of foreign bodies,extraction methods,surgical duration,complications,and follow-up outcomes were analyzed.Differences in treatment strategies among patients with varying injury patterns were compared.Results The average age of the 17 FBOMR patients was(45.71±18.19)years old,with a male to female ratio of 1∶0.7.Etiological analysis revealed:iatrogenic causes(58.82%,10/17),occupational exposure(23.53%,4/17),and accidental injuries(17.65%,3/17).Secondary infections occurred in 64.71%(11/17)of cases during foreign body retention.All cases underwent successful surgical removal,with the following approaches:conventional surgery(64.71%,11/17),computer navigation-assisted surgery(29.41%,5/17),and endoscope-assisted surgery(5.88%,1/17).Compared to the conventional group,computer navigation-assisted surgery significantly reduced intraoperative trauma(P＜0.05).Conclusion Retained FBOMR poses serious risks to patients'physical and mental health.Surgical intervention remains the gold standard for clinical manage-ment.Precise three-dimensional localization and minimally invasive techniques,such as computer-assisted navigation and endoscopy,are recommended to minimize tissue damage and improve outcomes.

Designation of ideological and political teaching of Medical Immunology courses focuses on"cultivate talent for Party and the State",and adheres to goal of"build morality and cultivate people".From perspective of big ideology and politics,with basic foundation of"major guiding,disciplines supporting and curriculum shaping",principle of"six combinations"is applied to con-struct ideological and political cases of Medical Immunology courses,to create an infiltrating teaching pattern,which simultaneously cultivate talent for the Party and the State,and forms a synergistic effect of professional course learning and ideological and political learning.

Objective To explore and summarize the locations,clinical manifestations,and treatment strategies of foreign bodies in the oral and maxillofacial region(FBOMR)among patients treated in our hospital,providing clinical insights and references for the pre-vention and management of FBOMR.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 17 FBOMR patients hos-pitalized in our hospital from May 2022 to May 2024.The demographic information,etiology of injury,characteristics of foreign bodies,extraction methods,surgical duration,complications,and follow-up outcomes were analyzed.Differences in treatment strategies among patients with varying injury patterns were compared.Results The average age of the 17 FBOMR patients was(45.71±18.19)years old,with a male to female ratio of 1∶0.7.Etiological analysis revealed:iatrogenic causes(58.82%,10/17),occupational exposure(23.53%,4/17),and accidental injuries(17.65%,3/17).Secondary infections occurred in 64.71%(11/17)of cases during foreign body retention.All cases underwent successful surgical removal,with the following approaches:conventional surgery(64.71%,11/17),computer navigation-assisted surgery(29.41%,5/17),and endoscope-assisted surgery(5.88%,1/17).Compared to the conventional group,computer navigation-assisted surgery significantly reduced intraoperative trauma(P＜0.05).Conclusion Retained FBOMR poses serious risks to patients'physical and mental health.Surgical intervention remains the gold standard for clinical manage-ment.Precise three-dimensional localization and minimally invasive techniques,such as computer-assisted navigation and endoscopy,are recommended to minimize tissue damage and improve outcomes.

Aplastic anemia is a rare and life-threatening bone marrow failure that is becoming more common and tends to affect younger individuals.Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of preventing and treating asthenia and blood syndrome.Its treatment of aplastic anemia involves coordinated regulation through multiple components,targets,and channels.The article classifies and elaborates on the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and their components on aplastic anemia.As well as the expression of related factors from three aspects:hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells,the immune system,and bone marrow microenvironmental abnormalities.It also analyzes the frequency and meridian of commonly used drugs in traditional Chinese medicine compounds.Deficiency tonifying drugs were found to be the most frequently used treatment for aplastic anemia,which is consistent with the deficiency-based nature of the disease.The related organs affected are the liver,spleen,and kidney.This paper reviews the mechanism of aplastic anemia and the preventive and therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine.The study is of great significance for the follow-up research on traditional Chinese medicine in improving aplastic anemia.

Alzheimer's disease （AD） is one of the most common diseases in the elderly population. Its etiology involves multiple pathogenic factors and pathological links such as abnormal deposition of β amyloid protein （Aβ）， hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein， abnormalities of the cholinergic system， oxidative stress， and inflammatory response. However， its specific pathogenesis has not been clarified， and no specific therapeutic drugs have been found. In recent years， more and more studies have paid attention to the potential of chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of AD. However， the diversity and complexity of the chemical components of TCM may have a positive impact on multiple pathological links of AD. Researchers have isolated many active components from TCMs， and the effects of treating AD have been confirmed by modern pharmacological studies. Through literature analysis， this article found that the main chemical components of TCM with anti-AD effects were saponins （31%）， flavonoids （24%）， polysaccharides （20%）， lactones （8%）， alkaloids （7%）， phenols （3%）， and other compounds （7%）. Among them， ginsenoside， notoginsenoside， epimedium flavones， puerarin， baicalein， schisandra polysaccharide， angelica polysaccharide， ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide， pachyman， huperzine A， berberine， andrographolide， curcumin， emodin， and gastrodin have been extensively studied in terms of their anti-AD effects， and their mechanisms of pharmacological action have been involved in many aspects of AD pathogenesis. This article reviews the anti-AD activities and possible mechanisms of chemical components of TCM， so as to provide a reference for the development of new drugs for the prevention and treatment of AD.

OBJECTIVE: Phenolic acids widely exist in the human diet and exert beneficial effects such as improving glucose metabolism. It is not clear whether phenolic acids or their metabolites play a major role in vivo. In this study, caffeic acid (CA) and ferulic acid (FA), the two most ingested phenolic acids, and their glucuronic acid metabolites, caffeic-4'-O-glucuronide (CA4G) and ferulic-4'-O-glucuronide (FA4G), were investigated. METHODS: Three insulin resistance models in vitro were established by using TNF-α, insulin and palmitic acid (PA) in HepG2 cells, respectively. We compared the effects of FA, FA4G, CA and CA4G on glucose metabolism in these models by measuring the glucose consumption levels. The potential targets and related pathways were predicted by network pharmacology. Fluorescence quenching measurement was used to analyze the binding between the compounds and the predicted target. To investigate the binding mode, molecular docking was performed. Then, we performed membrane recruitment assays of the AKT pleckstrin homology (PH) domain with the help of the PH-GFP plasmid. AKT enzymatic activity was determined to compare the effects between the metabolites with their parent compounds. Finally, the downstream signaling pathway of AKT was investigated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that CA4G and FA4G were more potent than their parent compounds in increasing glucose consumption. AKT was predicted to be the key target of CA4G and FA4G by network pharmacology analysis. The fluorescence quenching test confirmed the more potent binding to AKT of the two metabolites compared to their parent compounds. The molecular docking results indicated that the carbonyl group in the glucuronic acid structure of CA4G and FA4G might bind to the PH domain of AKT at the key Arg-25 site. CA4G and FA4G inhibited the translocation of the AKT PH domain to the membrane, while increasing the activity of AKT. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the metabolites could increase the phosphorylation of AKT and downstream glycogen synthase kinase 3β in the AKT signaling pathway to increase glucose consumption. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results suggested that the metabolites of phenolic acids, which contain glucuronic acid, are the key active substances and that they activate AKT by targeting the PH domain, thus improving glucose metabolism.

ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical application hotspots， development trends， compatibility characteristics， application rules， and formulation mechanisms of the Chinese marine drug pair Haliotidis Concha-Oystreae Concha in order to provide references for its clinical medication and further research. MethodBy means of various modern literature databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， modern clinical prescriptions containing Haliotidis Concha-Oystreae Concha， as well as the clinical application hotspots， were retrieved， followed by visualized analysis of hotspots and development trends of their clinical applications using Citespace. The drug composition， efficacy and indications， and drug dosages in the prescriptions were statistically analyzed. Additionally， various statistical software including SPSS Modeler 18.0 were employed to analyze the indications， syndromes， and formulation rules of Haliotidis Concha-Oystreae Concha. ResultThe visualized analysis included 90 articles， revealing a gradual decrease in publications in this field in recent years. Key clinical application keywords were identified as hypertension， collateral deficiency producing wind， insomnia， etc. Eighty clinical prescriptions were retrieved， involving 121 drugs. Frequency analysis of compatibility demonstrated that the top 10 drugs were Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis， Gastrodiae Rhizoma， Os Draconis， Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Chrysanthemi Flos， Scutellariae Radix， Gardeniae Frucuts， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and Polygoni Multiflori Caulis. Association rule analysis showed that core combinations included "Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis-Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix" and "Os Draconis-Pheretima-Chuanxiong Rhizoma". Through factor reliability analysis， new drug combinations were derived， such as "Gastrodiae Rhizoma-Polygoni Multiflori Caulis-Eucommiae Cortex-Taxilli Herba-Leonuri Herba"， "Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix-Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis"， "Scutellariae Radix-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Margarita-Prunellae Spica"， "Os Draconis-Pheretima-Bombyx Batryticatus"， "Chrysanthemi Flos-Chuanxiong Rhizoma"， "Poria-Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma"， and "Paeoniae Radix Alba-Gardeniae Fructus-Sclerotium Poriae Pararadicis". The Haliotidis Concha-Oystreae Concha drug pair was mainly used to treat diseases with liver Yang hyperactivity syndrome， with hypertension accounting for 40.00%， migraines for 30.00%， and dizziness for 15.00%. In the treatment of liver Yang hyperactivity syndrome， the main categories of compatible drugs were liver-pacifying and wind-extinguishing ones （19.86%）， blood-activating and stasis-resolving ones （12.13%）， and spirit-calming ones （10.08%）. High-frequency drugs in the prescriptions function to reduce blood pressure through multiple pathways， such as increasing nitric oxide （NO） levels， downregulating angiotensin Ⅱ （Ang Ⅱ）， and inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme （ACE）. ConclusionThrough comprehensive analysis of the results， the Haliotidis Concha-Oystreae Concha drug pair is commonly used for hypertension with liver Yang hyperactivity syndrome， and is often combined with deficiency-tonifying， liver-pacifying and wind-extinguishing， heat-clearing， and spirit-calming drugs， aiming to simultaneously extinguish wind， relieve spasms， and pacify the liver to subdue Yang， while also clearing heat to relax bowels， stabilizing the mind， and enhancing the liver-pacifying and Yang-subduing effects of this drug pair.

Periarticular fracture of the shoulder is a common type of fractures in the elderly. Postoperative adverse events such as internal fixation failure, humeral head ischemic necrosis and upper limb dysfunction occur frequently, which seriously endangers the exercise and health of the elderly. Compared with the fracture with normal bone mass, the osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder is complicated with slow healing and poor rehabilitation, so the clinical management becomes more difficult. At present, there is no targeted guideline or consensus for this type of fracture in China. In such context, experts from Youth Osteoporosis Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Orthopedic Expert Committee of Geriatrics Branch of Chinese Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Osteoporosis Group of Youth Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons and Osteoporosis Committee of Shanghai Association of Chinese Integrative Medicine developed the Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder in the elderly ( version 2023). Nine recommendations were put forward from the aspects of diagnosis, treatment strategies and rehabilitation of osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder, hoping to promote the standardized, systematic and personalized diagnosis and treatment concept and improve functional outcomes and quality of life in elderly patients with osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder.