Objective:To conduct quantitative evaluation on the revise requirements of Specifications of Air Sampling for Hazardous Substances Monitoring in the Workplace (GBZ 159-2004) , clarify the problems and suggestions during its implementation for improvement, and provide a basis for the revision of the standard.Methods:From April to September 2021, stratified convenient sampling method was adopted and semi-open questionnaire was used to investigate the occupational health personnel in CDC, occupational prevention and control institutes, employers, third-party technical service institutions and universitie. The entropy weight of each index and the score based on entropy weight of GBZ 159 were calculated. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to describe the correlation between the two indexes and radar chart was drawn for comprehensive evaluation.Results:A total of 151 questionnaires were received from the respondents, of which 147 were valid, with an effective recovery rate of 97.35%, involving 29 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. The median G scores of the necessity and urgency of GBZ 159 revision based on entropy weight were 2.84 and 3.17, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( M=-25.50, P<0.001) . The trend of the score G of necessity and urgency based on entropy weight was basically the same for all secondary items ( rs=0.9998, P<0.001) , and the score G of urgency based on entropy weight was higher than that of necessity. The highest score G of necessity and urgency based on entropy weight was "3.13 long time sampling", which were 7.56 and 8.23 respectively. This was followed by "3.12 short time sampling", which were 7.19 and 7.13 respectively. Conclusion:GBZ 159 has encountered some new problems and challenges in the implementation process, and some of its technical indicators have been out of line with the actual practice of occupational health at present. These are the two items that urgently needs to be revised and improved, such as "3.13 long time sampling" and "3.12 short time sampling" and other items need to be revised and improved.

Systematically evaluate the implementation of Specifications of Air Sampling for Hazardous Substances Monitoring (GBZ 159-2004) , so as to provide technical basis for the future standard revision. The semi-structured interview method was used to interview the industry experts from centers for disease control and prevention, occupational disease prevention and control hospitals/institutes, employers, third-party technical service institutions and universities, and the induction method was used to refine the topics and relevant suggestions. Some technical indicators of GBZ 159 are not suitable for the current actual work of occupational health, and need to be revised and improved urgently. The revised GBZ 159 should comply with the current situation of China's industrial development and the development of occupational health testing equipment in the new era, and improve the relevant technical requirements of sampling quality control.

Objective:To conduct quantitative evaluation on the revise requirements of Specifications of Air Sampling for Hazardous Substances Monitoring in the Workplace (GBZ 159-2004) , clarify the problems and suggestions during its implementation for improvement, and provide a basis for the revision of the standard.Methods:From April to September 2021, stratified convenient sampling method was adopted and semi-open questionnaire was used to investigate the occupational health personnel in CDC, occupational prevention and control institutes, employers, third-party technical service institutions and universitie. The entropy weight of each index and the score based on entropy weight of GBZ 159 were calculated. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to describe the correlation between the two indexes and radar chart was drawn for comprehensive evaluation.Results:A total of 151 questionnaires were received from the respondents, of which 147 were valid, with an effective recovery rate of 97.35%, involving 29 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. The median G scores of the necessity and urgency of GBZ 159 revision based on entropy weight were 2.84 and 3.17, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( M=-25.50, P<0.001) . The trend of the score G of necessity and urgency based on entropy weight was basically the same for all secondary items ( rs=0.9998, P<0.001) , and the score G of urgency based on entropy weight was higher than that of necessity. The highest score G of necessity and urgency based on entropy weight was "3.13 long time sampling", which were 7.56 and 8.23 respectively. This was followed by "3.12 short time sampling", which were 7.19 and 7.13 respectively. Conclusion:GBZ 159 has encountered some new problems and challenges in the implementation process, and some of its technical indicators have been out of line with the actual practice of occupational health at present. These are the two items that urgently needs to be revised and improved, such as "3.13 long time sampling" and "3.12 short time sampling" and other items need to be revised and improved.

Systematically evaluate the implementation of Specifications of Air Sampling for Hazardous Substances Monitoring (GBZ 159-2004) , so as to provide technical basis for the future standard revision. The semi-structured interview method was used to interview the industry experts from centers for disease control and prevention, occupational disease prevention and control hospitals/institutes, employers, third-party technical service institutions and universities, and the induction method was used to refine the topics and relevant suggestions. Some technical indicators of GBZ 159 are not suitable for the current actual work of occupational health, and need to be revised and improved urgently. The revised GBZ 159 should comply with the current situation of China's industrial development and the development of occupational health testing equipment in the new era, and improve the relevant technical requirements of sampling quality control.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of small-dose esketamine on the learning and memory ability of chronic sleep-deprived rats and the role of hippocampal amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate receptors (AMPARs).Methods:Forty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 4 months, weighing 200-280 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: normal control group (N group), chronic sleep deprivation group (SD group), chronic sleep deprivation+ esketamine group (SDK group) and chronic sleep deprivation + esketamine + AMPAR antagonist CNQX group (SDKI group). The sleep deprivation model was prepared by the modified multi-platform water environment method. For 3 consecutive days after developing the model, ketamine 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected in SDK group, and SDKI group received intraperitoneal injection of CNQX 1 mg/kg followed by ketamine 10 mg/kg. Morris water maze test was used to detect spatial learning and memory ability after the end of sleep deprivation or after administration. After the water maze test, rats were sacrificed, and the hippocampal tissue was obtained to detect the expression of hippocampal Homer1a mRNA (by quantitative polymerase chain reaction), Homer1a, metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and AMPAR (by Western blot). The density of dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 region was determined by Golgi staining. Results:Compared with N group, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant and the number of times the animals crossing the platform were decreased, the expression of Homer1a protein and mRNA and mGluR5 was up-regulated, the expression of AMPAR was down-regulated, and the density of dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 region was decreased in SD group ( P<0.05). Compared with SD group, the escape latency was significantly shortened, the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant and the number of times the animals crossing the platform were increased, the expression of AMPAR was up-regulated, and the density of dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 region was increased in SDK group ( P<0.05). Compared with SDK group, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant and the number of times the animals crossing the platform were decreased, the expression of AMPAR was down-regulated, and the density of dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 region was decreased in SDKI group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of Homer1a protein and mRNA and mGluR5 among SD group, SDK group and SDKI group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Small-dose esketamine can improve the learning and memory ability of chronic sleep-deprived rats, and the mechanism may be related to up-regulation of the expression of hippocampal AMPARs.

With the increase in age,the oral function of older adults shows an age-related decline,which limits the types,quantity,and quality of their diet.Limited dietary intake can lead to a lack of basic nutrients needed for maintaining oral health,induce a series of oral diseases,and further aggravate the deterioration of oral functions.Oral frailty is the accumulation of mild oral function decline and is an emerging concept in the field of oral health.Currently,research on oral frailty and dietary intake mostly focuses on the impact of single-dimensional oral function decline on the dietary intake,dietary structure,and dietary satisfaction of older adults,as well as the impact of different dietary structures on the status of oral health among older adults.There is still a lack of large-sample,high-quality research on the relationship between comprehensive oral function decline and dietary intake.In addition,existing oral frailty intervention measures often place a narrow emphasis on the exercise and recovery of oral function without considering the impact of dietary intake and nutritional status on the development of oral frailty.Relevant research on taking dietary intake as an entry point or using it as a comprehensive intervention method also needs to be further explored by researchers.In the future,specialized assessment and screening of dietary status may be introduced in the routine health management practices for older adults.Furthermore,targeted intervention programs could also be proposed based on the characteristics of the oral status and the dietary intake habits of older adults,so as to prevent the functional decline related to dietary intake and nutritional supplementation.Herein,we reviewed the correlation between dietary intake and oral frailty to provide new ideas and directions for formulating comprehensive management strategies for oral frailty.

Objective To investigate the influence of two positions for measuring instrument adapter on the measurement of hand-transmitted vibration in grinding machine using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of reliability assessment index,and to provide a basis for studies on the measurement standard for handtransmitted vibration.Methods With reference to the measurement standard for hand-transmitted vibration ISO 5349 Mechanical vibration-Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration-Part 1:General requirements and Mechanical vibration-Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to handtransmitted vibration-Part 2:Practical guidance for measurement at the workplace,the domestic AWA5936 hand-transmitted vibration measuring instrument and SVAN-106 hand-transmitted vibration measuring instrument from Poland were used to measure hand-transmitted vibration in 3 workers for grinding machine in a foundry for 5 days continuously from September to October,2014,and Y-axis data were recorded and compared.Results In worker A,the "T"-shaped adapter had a significantly higher mean Y-axis accelerated speed effective value than the "O"-shaped adapter [4.34 m/s2 (95％CI 4.05-4.63) vs 2.32 m/s2 (95％CI 2.27～2.38),t=13.781,P＜0.01]-In workers B and C,AWA5936 "U"-shaped adapter (placed at the position of the handle of grinding machine) had lower degrees of data variation of 12.55％ and 15.77％,respectively,suggesting good data stability.The measurement results showed significant differences across different positions of adapter(P＜0.01) and between all adapters except "O"-shaped and line-shaped adapters (all P＜0.01),while the measurement results showed no significant differences between the"O"-shaped and line-shaped adapters (P＞0.01).The comparison of the measurement results of AWA5936 vibration measuring instrument with an "U"-shaped adapter and SVAN-106 vibration measuring instrument with an "S"-shaped adapter showed an ICC of ＞0.80 (ICC=0.82),while the comparison of the measurement results of AWA5936 vibration measuring instrument with an "O"-shaped adapter and SVAN-106 vibration measuring instrument showed an ICC of ＜0.40.Conclusion SVAN-106 vibration measuring instrument with an "S"-shaped adapter placed at the palm and AWA5936 vibration measuring instrument with an"U"-shaped adapter placed at the handle of grinding machine can give comparable measurement results with good reliability.

Objective To investigate the features of hand-transmitted vibration of common vibration tools in the workplace for automobile casting and assembly.Methods From September to October,2014,measurement and spectral analysis were performed for 16 typical hand tools (including percussion drill,pneumatic wrench,grinding machine,internal grinder,and arc welding machine) in 6 workplaces for automobile casting and assembly according to ISO 5349-1-2001 Mechanical vibration-Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration-part 1:General requirements and ISO 5349-2-2001 Mechanical vibration-Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration-Part 2:Practical guidance for measurement in the workplace.Results The vibration acceleration waveforms of shearing machine,arc welding machine,and pneumatic wrench were mainly impact wave and random wave,while those of internal grinder,angle grinder,percussion drill,and grinding machine were mainly long-and short-period waves.The daily exposure duration to vibration of electric wrench,pneumatic wrench,shearing machine,percussion drill,and internal grinder was about 150 minutes,while that of plasma cutting machine,angle grinder,grinding machine,bench grinder,and arc welding machine was about 400 minutes.The range of vibration total value (ahw) was as follows:pneumatic wrench 0.30～11.04 m/s2,grinding wheel 1.61 ～8.97 m/s2,internal grinder 1.46～8.70 m/s2,percussion drill 11.10～14.50 m/s2,and arc welding machine 0.21～2.18 m/s2.The workers engaged in cleaning had the longest daily exposure duration to vibration,and the effective value of 8-hour energy-equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration for them[A (8)] was 8.03 m/s2,while this value for workers engaged in assembly was 4.78 m/s2.The frequency spectrogram with an 1/3-time frequency interval showed that grinding machine,angle grinder,and percussion drill had a high vibration acceleration,and the vibration limit curve was recommended for those with a frequency higher than 400 min/d.Conclusion The workers who are engaged in cleaning,grinding,and a few positions of assembly and use grinding machine,angle grinder,internal grinder,and percussion drill are exposed to vibrations with a high vibration acceleration and at a high position of the frequency spectrum.The hand-transmitted vibration in the positions of cutting,polishing,and cleaning in automobile casting has great harm,and the harm caused by pneumatic wrench in automobile assembly should be taken seriously.

Objective To investigate the influence of two positions for measuring instrument adapter on the measurement of hand-transmitted vibration in grinding machine using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of reliability assessment index,and to provide a basis for studies on the measurement standard for handtransmitted vibration.Methods With reference to the measurement standard for hand-transmitted vibration ISO 5349 Mechanical vibration-Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration-Part 1:General requirements and Mechanical vibration-Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to handtransmitted vibration-Part 2:Practical guidance for measurement at the workplace,the domestic AWA5936 hand-transmitted vibration measuring instrument and SVAN-106 hand-transmitted vibration measuring instrument from Poland were used to measure hand-transmitted vibration in 3 workers for grinding machine in a foundry for 5 days continuously from September to October,2014,and Y-axis data were recorded and compared.Results In worker A,the "T"-shaped adapter had a significantly higher mean Y-axis accelerated speed effective value than the "O"-shaped adapter [4.34 m/s2 (95％CI 4.05-4.63) vs 2.32 m/s2 (95％CI 2.27～2.38),t=13.781,P＜0.01]-In workers B and C,AWA5936 "U"-shaped adapter (placed at the position of the handle of grinding machine) had lower degrees of data variation of 12.55％ and 15.77％,respectively,suggesting good data stability.The measurement results showed significant differences across different positions of adapter(P＜0.01) and between all adapters except "O"-shaped and line-shaped adapters (all P＜0.01),while the measurement results showed no significant differences between the"O"-shaped and line-shaped adapters (P＞0.01).The comparison of the measurement results of AWA5936 vibration measuring instrument with an "U"-shaped adapter and SVAN-106 vibration measuring instrument with an "S"-shaped adapter showed an ICC of ＞0.80 (ICC=0.82),while the comparison of the measurement results of AWA5936 vibration measuring instrument with an "O"-shaped adapter and SVAN-106 vibration measuring instrument showed an ICC of ＜0.40.Conclusion SVAN-106 vibration measuring instrument with an "S"-shaped adapter placed at the palm and AWA5936 vibration measuring instrument with an"U"-shaped adapter placed at the handle of grinding machine can give comparable measurement results with good reliability.

Ob jective It has been reported by some prospective studies that C-reactive protein (CRP ) is associated with cancer risk .However, the correlation between CRP and digestive system cancers has not been evaluated in Chinese females .We conducted a large population-based cohort study to investigate whether elevated level of CRP in serum is associated with an increased risk of digestive system cancers in Chinese women.Metho ds From the Chinese Kailuan Female Cohort , 19,437 women were enrolled in this study in July 2006, and all of the subjects were followed up through 2014.At the baseline investigation , the serum levels of high-sensitivity CRP ( hsCRP ) were tested for all subjects , and demographic information and risk factor data were collected .Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratios ( HR ) and 95%confidence intervals ( 95%CI ) for the baseline levels of hsCRP after adjusting for age, marital status, smoking, drinking, body mass index ( BMI), diabetes and physical activity, and risk of digestive system tumors (including colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, pancreas cancer, liver and gallbladder cancer, and other cancers).Results By Dec 31, 2014, a total of 100 incident cancer cases were observed , including 47 colorectal cancers , 17 stomach cancers , and altogether 29 pancreas , liver and gallbladder cancers .All the subjects investigated were divided into three groups according to the level of hsCRP (<1 mg/L, 1-3 mg/L and >3 mg/L) .The 8-year cumulative incidence of digestive system cancers were 405/100 000, 520/100 000 and 787/100 000 in these 3 groups, respectively (Log rank test χ2=8.37, P=0.015 ) .Compared to those with lower hsCRP levels (<1 mg/L ) , the women with higher hsCRP (>3 mg/L) had a significantly increased risk of pancreas , liver and gallbladder cancers ( HR =2.70, 95%CI =1.06-6.91;Ptrend=0.036).Conclusions Elevated levels of hsCRP at baseline may be associated with increased risk of certain digestive system cancers .