Objective:To analyze the characteristics of toxic substances determination standards in workplaces in China, in order to provide basis for further development of national occupational health standards.Methods:In November 2023, Used descriptive analysis methods, conduct a characteristic analysis of the toxic substance determination standards for workplaces in China issued between 2004 and 2024, including the first drafting situation, standard formulation/revision situation, standard determination methods types, and method performance indicators.Results:The The first drafting unit in the GBZ/T 160 and GBZ/T 300 standards that have been issued is mainly composed of disease prevention and control centers (154, accounting for 60.6%) and the hospital of Occupational disease prevention and control (154, accounting for 60.6%). The regional distribution is North China (65 items, accounting for 25.6%), East China (60 items, accounting for 23.7%), and South China (51 items, accounting for 20.2%). 93.1% of the standards were published between 2004 and 2017; Covering 671 measurement methods.The method types are gas chromatography (367, 54.7%), spectrophotometry (98, 14.6%), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (54, 8.0%), etc. The missing items of standard performance indexes mainly focus on penetration capacity, recovery rate and detection limit. The missing items of penetration capacity and recovery rate are mainly distributed in gas chromatography methods; The missing detection limits and minimum detection concentrations are mainly distributed in spectrophotometry and gas chromatography method.Conclusion:Suggest accelerating the update speed of toxic substance determination standards in the workplace, supplementing the supporting determination methods in GBZ 2.1 standard, focusing on solving common problems in existing standards, gradually improving the standards for missing performance indicators, and gradually carrying out national standard transformation in a hierarchical and phased manner for local or group standards with good practical applications.

The incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing,and early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving patient prognosis.With the advancement of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,significant progress has been made in its application in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer.AI technology has notably enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of thyroid cancer.By optimizing imaging examinations such as ultrasound and CT scans,it can more precisely identify malignant features of thyroid nodules.In fine-needle aspiration biopsy,the integration of AI with genetic testing technologies has improved both the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis.In terms of treatment,AI assists in intraoperative functional preservation,reducing the risk of surgical trauma.For instance,it can accurately identify the locations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands.Additionally,AI is capable of predicting the efficacy of 131I treatment and the risk of complications,thereby guiding postoperative follow-up and management.The core strength of AI technology lies in its powerful data processing and analytical capabilities,enabling it to uncover latent patterns within data and provide a scientific basis for treatment decision-making.Looking ahead,with continuous technological advancements,AI is expected to propel the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer towards greater intelligence and precision.However,challenges such as data privacy and algorithm transparency need to be addressed.This article provides a review of the research progress of AI technology in the fields of diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis prediction of thyroid cancer,explores the current strengths and weaknesses of AI technology,and looks forward to its future development directions while acknowledging challenges like data privacy and algorithm transparency.

To summarize the problems and improvement suggestions in the implementation of GBZ158, the focus groups interview was used to interview industry experts from CDC, Occupational disease prevention and control hospital institutes, employers, third d dd鄄party technical service institutions and universities, and extract their opinions on the problems and improvement suggestions in the implementation of the standard. The operability of GBZ 158 is not strong, and there is a certain overlap with the signs in the fields of firefighting, safety and other fields. It urgently needs to be modified to comply with the reality of occupational health management in China. There are many and concentrated revision opinions on "6. Notification Cards for Occupational Hazards of Toxic Substance in Workplaces" and "7. Setting of Warning Signs in Workplaces with Toxic Substances". It is concluded that Some technical indicators of GBZ 158 have not been according with the current actual work of occupational health, and need to be revised and improved urgently, which includes enhancing the coordination with standards in the fields of firefighting and safety, supplementing normative reference documents, clarifying the setting conditions, scope of use, and application examples of warning signs of occupational hazards.

Objective:By systematically evaluate the implementation of GBZ 2.1, so as to provide technical basis for the future revisions of this standard.Methods:From May to October 2023, Based on the pre survey questionnaire, the semi-structured interview method was used to interviews with experts from CDC, Occupational disease prevention and control hospital institutes, employers, occupational hygiene technical service intermediaries and universities, and the inductive method was used to extract the topics and relevant suggestions.Results:Generally, GBZ 2.1 is scientific, practical, progressiveness and operable. There are still some issues such as OELs overlapping and the correspondence between Chinese and English names. The outstanding problem is the coordination with other standard contents.Conclusion:The technical indicators in GBZ 2.1 could adapt to the needs of current practical work. The coordination between standards needs to be clarified, and the new recommended content needs further promotion and exploration on how to implement it.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of toxic substances determination standards in workplaces in China, in order to provide basis for further development of national occupational health standards.Methods:In November 2023, Used descriptive analysis methods, conduct a characteristic analysis of the toxic substance determination standards for workplaces in China issued between 2004 and 2024, including the first drafting situation, standard formulation/revision situation, standard determination methods types, and method performance indicators.Results:The The first drafting unit in the GBZ/T 160 and GBZ/T 300 standards that have been issued is mainly composed of disease prevention and control centers (154, accounting for 60.6%) and the hospital of Occupational disease prevention and control (154, accounting for 60.6%). The regional distribution is North China (65 items, accounting for 25.6%), East China (60 items, accounting for 23.7%), and South China (51 items, accounting for 20.2%). 93.1% of the standards were published between 2004 and 2017; Covering 671 measurement methods.The method types are gas chromatography (367, 54.7%), spectrophotometry (98, 14.6%), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (54, 8.0%), etc. The missing items of standard performance indexes mainly focus on penetration capacity, recovery rate and detection limit. The missing items of penetration capacity and recovery rate are mainly distributed in gas chromatography methods; The missing detection limits and minimum detection concentrations are mainly distributed in spectrophotometry and gas chromatography method.Conclusion:Suggest accelerating the update speed of toxic substance determination standards in the workplace, supplementing the supporting determination methods in GBZ 2.1 standard, focusing on solving common problems in existing standards, gradually improving the standards for missing performance indicators, and gradually carrying out national standard transformation in a hierarchical and phased manner for local or group standards with good practical applications.

The incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing,and early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving patient prognosis.With the advancement of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,significant progress has been made in its application in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer.AI technology has notably enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of thyroid cancer.By optimizing imaging examinations such as ultrasound and CT scans,it can more precisely identify malignant features of thyroid nodules.In fine-needle aspiration biopsy,the integration of AI with genetic testing technologies has improved both the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis.In terms of treatment,AI assists in intraoperative functional preservation,reducing the risk of surgical trauma.For instance,it can accurately identify the locations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands.Additionally,AI is capable of predicting the efficacy of 131I treatment and the risk of complications,thereby guiding postoperative follow-up and management.The core strength of AI technology lies in its powerful data processing and analytical capabilities,enabling it to uncover latent patterns within data and provide a scientific basis for treatment decision-making.Looking ahead,with continuous technological advancements,AI is expected to propel the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer towards greater intelligence and precision.However,challenges such as data privacy and algorithm transparency need to be addressed.This article provides a review of the research progress of AI technology in the fields of diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis prediction of thyroid cancer,explores the current strengths and weaknesses of AI technology,and looks forward to its future development directions while acknowledging challenges like data privacy and algorithm transparency.

To summarize the problems and improvement suggestions in the implementation of GBZ158, the focus groups interview was used to interview industry experts from CDC, Occupational disease prevention and control hospital institutes, employers, third d dd鄄party technical service institutions and universities, and extract their opinions on the problems and improvement suggestions in the implementation of the standard. The operability of GBZ 158 is not strong, and there is a certain overlap with the signs in the fields of firefighting, safety and other fields. It urgently needs to be modified to comply with the reality of occupational health management in China. There are many and concentrated revision opinions on "6. Notification Cards for Occupational Hazards of Toxic Substance in Workplaces" and "7. Setting of Warning Signs in Workplaces with Toxic Substances". It is concluded that Some technical indicators of GBZ 158 have not been according with the current actual work of occupational health, and need to be revised and improved urgently, which includes enhancing the coordination with standards in the fields of firefighting and safety, supplementing normative reference documents, clarifying the setting conditions, scope of use, and application examples of warning signs of occupational hazards.

Objective:By systematically evaluate the implementation of GBZ 2.1, so as to provide technical basis for the future revisions of this standard.Methods:From May to October 2023, Based on the pre survey questionnaire, the semi-structured interview method was used to interviews with experts from CDC, Occupational disease prevention and control hospital institutes, employers, occupational hygiene technical service intermediaries and universities, and the inductive method was used to extract the topics and relevant suggestions.Results:Generally, GBZ 2.1 is scientific, practical, progressiveness and operable. There are still some issues such as OELs overlapping and the correspondence between Chinese and English names. The outstanding problem is the coordination with other standard contents.Conclusion:The technical indicators in GBZ 2.1 could adapt to the needs of current practical work. The coordination between standards needs to be clarified, and the new recommended content needs further promotion and exploration on how to implement it.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of small-dose esketamine on the learning and memory ability of chronic sleep-deprived rats and the role of hippocampal amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate receptors (AMPARs).Methods:Forty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 4 months, weighing 200-280 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: normal control group (N group), chronic sleep deprivation group (SD group), chronic sleep deprivation+ esketamine group (SDK group) and chronic sleep deprivation + esketamine + AMPAR antagonist CNQX group (SDKI group). The sleep deprivation model was prepared by the modified multi-platform water environment method. For 3 consecutive days after developing the model, ketamine 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected in SDK group, and SDKI group received intraperitoneal injection of CNQX 1 mg/kg followed by ketamine 10 mg/kg. Morris water maze test was used to detect spatial learning and memory ability after the end of sleep deprivation or after administration. After the water maze test, rats were sacrificed, and the hippocampal tissue was obtained to detect the expression of hippocampal Homer1a mRNA (by quantitative polymerase chain reaction), Homer1a, metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and AMPAR (by Western blot). The density of dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 region was determined by Golgi staining. Results:Compared with N group, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant and the number of times the animals crossing the platform were decreased, the expression of Homer1a protein and mRNA and mGluR5 was up-regulated, the expression of AMPAR was down-regulated, and the density of dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 region was decreased in SD group ( P<0.05). Compared with SD group, the escape latency was significantly shortened, the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant and the number of times the animals crossing the platform were increased, the expression of AMPAR was up-regulated, and the density of dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 region was increased in SDK group ( P<0.05). Compared with SDK group, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant and the number of times the animals crossing the platform were decreased, the expression of AMPAR was down-regulated, and the density of dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 region was decreased in SDKI group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of Homer1a protein and mRNA and mGluR5 among SD group, SDK group and SDKI group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Small-dose esketamine can improve the learning and memory ability of chronic sleep-deprived rats, and the mechanism may be related to up-regulation of the expression of hippocampal AMPARs.

With the increase in age,the oral function of older adults shows an age-related decline,which limits the types,quantity,and quality of their diet.Limited dietary intake can lead to a lack of basic nutrients needed for maintaining oral health,induce a series of oral diseases,and further aggravate the deterioration of oral functions.Oral frailty is the accumulation of mild oral function decline and is an emerging concept in the field of oral health.Currently,research on oral frailty and dietary intake mostly focuses on the impact of single-dimensional oral function decline on the dietary intake,dietary structure,and dietary satisfaction of older adults,as well as the impact of different dietary structures on the status of oral health among older adults.There is still a lack of large-sample,high-quality research on the relationship between comprehensive oral function decline and dietary intake.In addition,existing oral frailty intervention measures often place a narrow emphasis on the exercise and recovery of oral function without considering the impact of dietary intake and nutritional status on the development of oral frailty.Relevant research on taking dietary intake as an entry point or using it as a comprehensive intervention method also needs to be further explored by researchers.In the future,specialized assessment and screening of dietary status may be introduced in the routine health management practices for older adults.Furthermore,targeted intervention programs could also be proposed based on the characteristics of the oral status and the dietary intake habits of older adults,so as to prevent the functional decline related to dietary intake and nutritional supplementation.Herein,we reviewed the correlation between dietary intake and oral frailty to provide new ideas and directions for formulating comprehensive management strategies for oral frailty.