Objective To explore the effects of 1 800 MHz electromagnetic radiation(EMR)on cognitive function of 3xTg-AD and 57C mice,providing a theoretical basis for the potential impacts of electromagnetic radiation on the human body.Methods A total of 12 3xTg-AD transgenic mice and 12 wild-type C57 mice were selected as research subjects.The one-month-old mice were divided into four groups:RF WT,Control WT,RF AD,and Control AD,with 6 mice in each group.The 1 800 MHz EMR exposure experiments were conducted from 20:00 to 8:00 the next day for a duration of 5 months.After the exposure,a water maze test was conducted to evaluate the effects of EMR on spatial learning and memory abilities of 3xTg AD mice,along with measurements of body weight,brain weight,and calculation of the brain-to-body ratio.Finally,Western Blot technique was used to measure the levels of APP,NR1,and NR2A in hippocampal tissue to analyze effects of 1 800 MHz EMR on the cognitive function of 3xTg AD mice.Results Under 1 800 MHz EMR exposure,there were no statistically significant differences in Morris water maze spatial learning ability among the four groups(P>0.05).However,longer escape time,greater swimming distances,and more crossings of target quadrant were exhibited in the RF AD group compared to the other groups(P<0.05).Western Blot results showed that the APP protein levels in 3xTg AD mice was higher than those in C57 mice(P<0.05).The expression levels of NR1 protein in the WT group was higher than those in the AD group(P<0.05);in the AD group,the RF AD group had higher levels than the Control WT group(P<0.05),and the NR2A protein levels in the Control WT group were higher than in the other groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Prolonged exposure to 1 800 MHz EMR can affect the learning and cognitive function of both 3xTg AD and C57 mice.

Objective : To explore the central role of interleukin(IL)-25 in allergy of eosinophil asthma. Methods : Forty 4-5 week-old C57BL/6 mice were used in this study(n=10). Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: WT+shRNA NT group, WT+HDM group, IL-25 shRNA+IL-25 group, and IL-25 shRNA+IL-25+HDM group. According to each group′s treatment requirement, mice were treated with house dust mite and/or IL-25 by intranasal infusion. HE staining and PAS staining were used for lung tissue section staining and pathological analysis. The levels of type 2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were determined by ELISA. Flow cytometry(FCM) was used to determine the number of type 2 helper T(Th2) cells, the group 2 innate lymphoid cells(ILC2) and eosinophils in lung tissues. Mice were treated with FITC-labeled DQ-ovalbumin(DQ-OVA) by intranasal infusion to determine the antigen presentation ability of eosinophils infiltrated in the lungs. Results : HE staining and PAS staining results showed that, compared with WT+shRNA NT group, a large amount of mucus and a large number of eosinophil infiltration were found in the lungs, and subcutaneous thickening of inflammatory airway were observed in the pulmonary vessels, alveolar ducts and the whole alveoli in IL-25 shRNA+IL-25+HDM group. In the IL-25 shRNA+IL-25 group, only a small amount of mucus and a small amount of eosinophil infiltration were found in the lungs, and a small amount of subcutaneous thickening of inflammatory airway were observed in pulmonary vessels, alveolar ducts and the whole alveoli. There was no significant difference in WT+HDM group. Compared with WT+shRNA NT group, the levels of IL-25, IL-4,IL-5,IL-13, IL-33 and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) in BALF significantly increased; the levels of infiltrated Th2, ILC2 and eosinophils in the lung significantly increased; the fluorescence levels of FITC-labeled DQ-OVA in eosinophils infiltrated in lungs significantly increased in IL-25 shRNA+IL-25+HDM group(P<0.05). IL-25 shRNA+IL-25 group mice also showed an increase in the above measurements, but the amplitude were limited(P<0.05). WT+HDM group had no significant difference. Conclusion IL-25 plays an essential role in the allergy and eosinophil antigen presentation processes in eosinophil asthma mice.

Objective:To discuss the effect of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)DUXAP8 in exosomes(Exo)derived from the lung cancer A549 cells on the growth and immune escape of the lung cancer cells,and to clarify the mechanism.Methods:The human lung cancer cell line A549 was cultured,and its exosomes were extracted and identified.The A549 cells were treated with PKH67-labeled Exo to observe the uptake of Exo by A549 cells.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the expression level of lncRNA DUXAP8 in A549 cells before and after Exo treatment.The A549 cells were divided into control group(no treatment),Exo group(A549 cells treated with Exo),Exo+sh-NC group(A549 cells treated with Exo and then transfected with sh-NC),and Exo+sh-DUXAP8 group(A549 cells treated with Exo and then transfected with sh-DUXAP8).RT-qPCR method was used to detect the expression level of lncRNA DUXAP8 in A549 cells in various groups;colony formation assay was used to detect the colony formation abilities of the A549 cells in various groups;5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU)staining method was used to detect the proliferation abilities of the A549 cells in various groups.After co-culturing A549 cells in various groups with human peripheral blood lymphocytes,flow cytometry was used to detect the percentages of activated CD8+T lymphocytes in the human peripheral blood lymphocytes in various groups;3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)method was used to detect the killing rates of human peripheral blood lymphocytes on the A549 cells in various groups.Results:The diameter of Exo vesicles was 50-150 nm,and the exosome-specific marker proteins cluster of differentiation 63(CD63),cluster of differentiation 9(CD9),tumor susceptibility gene 101(TSG101),and heat shock protein 70(HSP70)were positively expressed,indicating successful exosome extraction.A549 cells efficiently took up PKH67-labeled Exo.The RT-PCR results showed that compared with A549 cells cultured alone,the expression level of lncRNA DUXAP8 in the A549 cells was increased after treatment with Exo derived from A549 cells(P<0.05).compared with control group,the expression level of lncRNA DUXAP8 in the A549 cells in Exo group was increased(P<0.05);compared with Exo group,the expression level of lncRNA DUXAP8 in the A549 cells in Exo+sh-DUXAP8 group was decreased(P<0.05),while there were no significant difference in the expression level of IncRNA DUXAP8 in the cells in Exo+sh-NC group(P>0.05).The colony formation assay results showed that compared with control group,the number of colony formation of the A549 cells in Exo group was increased(P<0.05);compared with Exo group,the number of colony formation of the A549 cells in Exo+sh-DUXAP8 group was decreased(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in the number of colony formation of the A549 cells in Exo+sh-NC group(P>0.05).The EdU staining results showed that compared with control group,the EdU-positive rate of the A549 cells in Exo group was increased(P<0.05);compared with Exo group,the EdU-positive rate in A549 cells in Exo+sh-DUXAP8 group was decreased(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in the EDU-positive rate in the cells in Exo+sh-NC group(P>0.05).The flow cytometry results showed that compared with control group,the percentage of activated CD8+T lymphocytes in the human peripheral blood lymphocytes in Exo group was decreased(P<0.05);compared with Exo group,the percentage of activated CD8+T lymphocytes in the human peripheral blood lymphocytes in Exo+sh-DUXAP8 group was increased(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in the percentage of activated CD8+T lymphaytes in Exo+sh-NC group(P>0.05).The MTT assay results showed that compared with control group,the killing rate of human peripheral blood lymphocytes on the A549 cells in Exo group was decreased(P<0.05);compared with Exo group,the killing rate of human peripheral blood lymphocytes on A549 cells in Exo+sh-DUXAP8 group was increased(P<0.05),while no significant difference was observed in Exo+sh-NC group(P>0.05).Conclusion:The lncRNA DUXAP8 in exosomes derived from the lung cancer A549 cells promotes the proliferation of lung cancer cells and tumor immune escape.

The symptom science model identifies complex symptoms and measures their phenotypic characteristics.It provides an in-depth analysis of symptom behaviors and biological mechanisms,aiding healthcare professionals in early symptom detection and initiating appropriate diagnostic and treatment measures.The model supports personalized interventions,aiming to achieve precision care and ultimately improve patient health.This study reviews the development and scope of the symptom science model,analyzes its current applications in chronic kidney disease,and explores its implications for symptom management in this condition.The aim is to offer insights and references for the scientific management of chronic kidney disease symptoms.

Objective:To retrieve, appraise and synthesize evidence regarding the prevention and management of high-output ileostomy in post-enterostomy patients, thereby providing a scientific reference for clinical practice.Methods:A computerized search was conducted, systematically exploring national and international databases, as well as the websites of pertinent associations, to gather evidence relevant to the topic. The literature types included clinical decision-making, evidence summaries, guidelines, expert consensus, and systematic reviews. The search timeframe was established from the date of database construction until 23 August 2024. The methodological quality assessment of the literature, along with the extraction and synthesis of the evidence, was performed by two independent researchers utilizing established criteria and adhering to rigorous standards.Results:A total of 13 papers were included in the review, comprising one clinical decision, four guidelines, and eight systematic reviews. Eighteen pieces of best evidence were distilled and summarized across six key areas: diagnosis and risk identification, fluid/diet/nutrition management, medication administration, skin management, monitoring and health education, and follow-up care.Conclusions:The clinical practice rationale for the prevention and management of high-output ileostomy in post-enterostomy patients, when summarized, would offer scientific and effective evidence-based support for practice changes by clinical care staff. The practical application and translation of this evidence should thoroughly consider the nuances of clinical practice in China, as well as individual patient differences, to ensure the effective implementation of the best evidence for maximizing patient benefit.

The symptom science model identifies complex symptoms and measures their phenotypic characteristics.It provides an in-depth analysis of symptom behaviors and biological mechanisms,aiding healthcare professionals in early symptom detection and initiating appropriate diagnostic and treatment measures.The model supports personalized interventions,aiming to achieve precision care and ultimately improve patient health.This study reviews the development and scope of the symptom science model,analyzes its current applications in chronic kidney disease,and explores its implications for symptom management in this condition.The aim is to offer insights and references for the scientific management of chronic kidney disease symptoms.

Objective:To retrieve, appraise and synthesize evidence regarding the prevention and management of high-output ileostomy in post-enterostomy patients, thereby providing a scientific reference for clinical practice.Methods:A computerized search was conducted, systematically exploring national and international databases, as well as the websites of pertinent associations, to gather evidence relevant to the topic. The literature types included clinical decision-making, evidence summaries, guidelines, expert consensus, and systematic reviews. The search timeframe was established from the date of database construction until 23 August 2024. The methodological quality assessment of the literature, along with the extraction and synthesis of the evidence, was performed by two independent researchers utilizing established criteria and adhering to rigorous standards.Results:A total of 13 papers were included in the review, comprising one clinical decision, four guidelines, and eight systematic reviews. Eighteen pieces of best evidence were distilled and summarized across six key areas: diagnosis and risk identification, fluid/diet/nutrition management, medication administration, skin management, monitoring and health education, and follow-up care.Conclusions:The clinical practice rationale for the prevention and management of high-output ileostomy in post-enterostomy patients, when summarized, would offer scientific and effective evidence-based support for practice changes by clinical care staff. The practical application and translation of this evidence should thoroughly consider the nuances of clinical practice in China, as well as individual patient differences, to ensure the effective implementation of the best evidence for maximizing patient benefit.

Background::The conversion of adenosine (A) to inosine (I) through deamination is the prevailing form of RNA editing, impacting numerous nuclear and cytoplasmic transcripts across various eukaryotic species. Millions of high-confidence RNA editing sites have been identified and integrated into various RNA databases, providing a convenient platform for the rapid identification of key drivers of cancer and potential therapeutic targets. However, the available database for integration of RNA editing in hematopoietic cells and hematopoietic malignancies is still lacking.Methods::We downloaded RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of 29 leukemia patients and 19 healthy donors from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and RNA-seq data of 12 mouse hematopoietic cell populations obtained from our previous research were also used. We performed sequence alignment, identified RNA editing sites, and obtained characteristic editing sites related to normal hematopoietic development and abnormal editing sites associated with hematologic diseases.Results::We established a new database, "REDH", represents RNA editome in hematopoietic differentiation and malignancy. REDH is a curated database of associations between RNA editome and hematopoiesis. REDH integrates 30,796 editing sites from 12 murine adult hematopoietic cell populations and systematically characterizes more than 400,000 edited events in malignant hematopoietic samples from 48 cohorts (human). Through the Differentiation, Disease, Enrichment, and knowledge modules, each A-to-I editing site is systematically integrated, including its distribution throughout the genome, its clinical information (human sample), and functional editing sites under physiological and pathological conditions. Furthermore, REDH compares the similarities and differences of editing sites between different hematologic malignancies and healthy control.Conclusions::REDH is accessible at http://www.redhdatabase.com/. This user-friendly database would aid in understanding the mechanisms of RNA editing in hematopoietic differentiation and malignancies. It provides a set of data related to the maintenance of hematopoietic homeostasis and identifying potential therapeutic targets in malignancies.

Objective To investigate the effect of electromagnetic wave power density on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)in the hippocampus of SD rats under 1800 MHz electromagnetic wave irradiation,and whether it exhibits a"window effect".Methods Ninety-eight 4-week-old SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into 14 groups,with 7 rats in each group.Seven groups were exposed groups(frequency:1800 MHz,power densities:0.1 mW/cm2,0.3 mW/cm2,0.5 mW/cm2,0.7 mW/cm2,0.9 mW/cm2,1.0 mW/cm2,1.2 mW/cm2)and corresponding 7 groups were control groups(power density:0 mW/cm2).Exposure was conducted for 12 hours daily for 3 weeks.After exposure,Western Blot was used to detect the expression level of GFAP in the hippocampal tissue,and immunohistochemistry staining was performed to determine the average optical density(MOD)value of GFAP-positive expression products in the DG,CA3,and CA1 regions of the hippocampal tissue,to determine the power density window of GFAP expression in the hippocampus of SD rats under 1800 MHz exposure.Results At power densities of 0.1 mW/cm2 and 0.3 mW/cm2,Western Blot results showed increased expression of GFAP in the rat hippocampus(P<0.05),and immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated increased MOD values of GFAP in the three regions(P<0.05).Conclusion Long-term exposure to 1800 MHz elect-romagnetic radiation has a"window effect"on the expression of GFAP in the DG,CA3,and CA1 regions of the hippocampus in SD rats,with power density windows of 0.1 mW/cm2 and 0.3 mW/cm2.

Taking the Ligustrum lucidum extract as an example, this study investigated the influence of external mechanical forces under different processing conditions on the crystallographic solid form and the key parameter of drug dissolution rate, so as to provide guidance for the preparation and quality control of traditional Chinese medicine preparations. Under different pulverization and tableting conditions, the change of crystallographic solid form of L. lucidum extract was observed by polarizing light microscope. Meanwhile, the effect of this change on the dissolution rate was investigated, and the mathematical relationship between crystal content and dissolution rate was analyzed. The results showed that the process of ball milling and tableting had a significant impact on the crystallographic solid form of L. lucidum extract. The amorphous extract displayed crystal transformation, which induced a significant decline in dissolution rate. Further studies revealed that there was a negative linear relationship between crystal content and dissolution rate. The results of this study indicated that the crystallographic solid form transformation of traditional Chinese medicine extracts might occur during the preparation process, which may cause potential risks to the quality of traditional Chinese medicine preparations. It is suggested that we should pay attention to and strengthen the investigation of the crystallographic solid form during the preparation process, so as to guarantee the safety, effectiveness, and quality controllability of traditional Chinese medicine preparations.