Objective To examine the effect and mechanism of Duhuo Jisheng Decoction on lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration.Methods In total,105 Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly assigned to seven groups:sham operation group,model group,Duhuo Jisheng Decoction 1,rapamycin group,rapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group,MHY1485 group,and MHY1485+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group.Except for the sham operation group,the other groups underwent annulus fibrosus puncture to establish a lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD)animal model.After successful model establishment,a six-week drug intervention was performed,followed by MRI evaluation of the degree of disc degeneration.Samples of the L5-6 intervertebral disc were collected for HE and Alcian blue-nuclear fast red staining,and the degeneration of the nucleus pulposus and changes in the extracellular matrix were observed using light microscopy.Simultaneously,the expression levels of the downstream proteins of the mTOR pathway,p70S6K and 4E-BP1,along with the autophagy-related genes Beclin-1 and LC3,were assessed at both the protein and mRNA levels.Autolysosomes in nucleus pulposus cells were visualized using transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Results ①MRI showed disc Pfirrmann grade I in the sham group,and disc Pfirrmann grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ in the remaining 6 groups in L5-6 segments.②The degree of lumbar disc degeneration with histomorphological observation:MHY1485 group>model group>MHY1485 group+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>rapamycin group>Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>rapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>sham group.Allan-nuclear red staining extracellular matrix proteoglycan content:sham group>rapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>rapamycin group>MHY1485 group+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>model group>MHY1485 group.③Relative expression of p-mTOR,p70S6K and 4E-BP1 downstream of mTOR signaling pathway:MHY1485 group>MHY1485 group+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>model group>rapamycin group>Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>rapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>sham group,each experimental group varied significantly from the model group(P<0.01).④Autophagy-related protein Beclin-1 and LC3 expression levels:rapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>rapamycin>MHY1485 group+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>model group>MHY1485>sham group,and the content of each group was significantly(P<0.01).⑤TEM observation of autophagy levels in the cells of each group showed the formation of autolysosomes in Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group,rapamycin group andrapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group.Conclusion Duhuo Jisheng Decoction can slow down the degenerative process of lumbar intervertebral discs in rats,and its effect may be linked to the suppression of the mTOR signaling pathway and the promotion of autophagy in nucleus pulposus cells.

BACKGROUND:The incidence of fragility fractures caused by osteoporosis is increasing year by year,and it is urgent to explore its pathophysiology,potential biomarkers,therapeutic targets and effective drugs.There are multiple cells in the bone microenvironment,which are crucial for maintaining bone metabolism.In recent years,single-cell RNA sequencing technology has been developed to characterize the transcriptome of single cells,and has been gradually applied to the study of osteoporosis prevention and treatment.OBJECTIVE:To review the application and progress of single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology in osteoporosis research.METHODS:The first author used a computer search of Web of Science,PubMed database,and CNKI from 2009 to 2023.Chinese and English search terms were "single-cell RNA sequencing,bone marrow derived stromal cells,osteoblasts,osteocytes,osteoclasts,immune cells,bone marrow vascular endothelial cells." Through reading and screening of relevant literature,89 articles were finally included in the review analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology can gain an in-depth understanding of the trajectory and regulatory mechanism of cell development,proliferation,differentiation.(2) Candidate genes affecting bone mineral density are mainly concentrated in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell subpopulation,in which Sox9 is a key transcription factor.(3) The differential expression of Runx2 in different subsets of osteoblasts controls the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts.(4) RAB38 is related to histone modification and transcriptional regulation during osteoclast differentiation.(5) Studies at the single-cell level have confirmed that there are many kinds of intercellular communication in the bone microenvironment,and osteoclast may conduct intercellular communication through CD160-TNFRSF14 ligand-receptor binding.The neutrocyte/monocyte may interact with osteoblasts through the RESISTIN pathway.Plasma dendritic cells communicate with osteoblast cell lines through the epidermal growth factor pathway.Both can provide directions for target prediction and drug development.(6) An unrecognized capillary subset is called S-type endothelial cells,which originates entirely from the secondary ossification center of the epiphysis,and is even more malleable than H-type blood vessels.(7) This paper reviews the progress of single-cell transcriptome sequencing in characterizing the differentiation fate and differentiation trajectory of different bone tissue cells,identifying new cell subsets,identifying cell regulatory factors,and clarifying intercellular communication from a cellular perspective,so as to provide cell-level information for exploring the pathogenesis of osteoporosis,screening potential diagnostic markers,predicting therapeutic targets,and exploring the mechanism of drug action.(8) In the future,single-cell sequencing technology will provide more valuable information for changes in the bone microenvironment in the direction of single-cell multiomics (genomics,proteomics,and metabolomics) and other technologies such as spatial transcriptome technology.

Abstract In recent years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has risen rapidly, posing a serious threat to their physical and mental health. To provide scientific, systematic, and standardized weight management guidance for overweight and obese children and adolescents, the study focuses on the core concept of healthy lifestyle intervention, integrates multidisciplinary expert opinions and research findings,and proposes a comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention framework covering scientific exercise intervention, precise nutrition and diet, optimized sleep management, and standardized psychological support. It calls for the establishment of a multi agent collaborative management mechanism led by the government, implemented by families, fostered by schools, initiated by individuals, optimized by communities, reinforced by healthcare, and coordinated by multiple stakeholders. Emphasizing a child and adolescent centered approach, the consensus advocates for comprehensive, multi level, and personalized guidance strategies to promote the internalization and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle. It serves as a reference and provides recommendations for the effective prevention and control of overweight and obesity, and enhancing the health level of children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE To explore the value of microbiological rapid on-site evaluation(M-ROSE)technique in treatment of the patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia(SCAP).METHODS A total of 124 patients with SCAP who were treated in the department of respiratory and critical care medicine of The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from Sep.2023 to Dec.2024 were enrolled in the study and were random-ly divided into the M-ROSE group and the control group in a 1∶1 ratio based on the status of M-ROSE for bron-choalveolar lavage fluid(BALF).The M-ROSE test and conventional etiological test[metagenomic next genera-tion sequencing(mNGS),smear,culture]were performed for the M-ROSE group,and the conventional etiologi-cal test was only carried out for the control group.The baseline data,symptoms and signs,C-reactive protein lev-el,treatment status and outcomes were observed and compared between the two groups of patients.RESULTS A-mong the 62 patients for whom the BALF specimens were detected with M-ROSE,45(72.58％)patients showed the consistent test result for fungi with mNGS,47(75.81％)patients showed the same test result for cocci with mNGS,and 30(48.39％)patients showed the same test result for bacilli with mNGS.The duration of the M-ROSE test was 1.50(1.50,2.00)h,shorter than that of the smear,culture and mNGS(P＜0.05).The body temperature returning to the normal and the property,volume of sputum were improved more early in days in the M-ROSE group than in the control group after the anti-infection treatment(P＜0.05);the level of inflammatory factor CRP declined more quickly in the M-ROSE group than in the control group(P＜0.05);the effective rates of treatment of the M-ROSE group were higher than those of the control group after the hospitalization for 3,5 and 7 days(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION The M-ROSE test for BALF may facilitate the rapid etiological diagnosis for the patients with SCAP in early stage,provide guidance for the anti-infection treatment strategies,and accelerate the improvement of symptoms and inflammatory factors;it has certain clinical application value.

Objective:To analyze the trabecular bone score (TBS) and its association with muscle health in the postmenopausal population.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study. A total of 214 postmenopausal individuals who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry testing at the Beijing Research Institute of Sports Science between January and December 2023 were consecutively included. The participants were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of osteoporosis (OP): 62 cases in the OP group and 152 cases in the non-OP group. All subjects completed body composition assessments and scans of bilateral hip and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD)(All the BMD in this study were areal BMD). Demographic data, including age, age at menarche, age at menopause, and fracture history, were also collected. TBS was calculated using the TBS iNsight software. Muscle health indicators included upper limb, lower limb, trunk, and total muscle mass, lean body mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), and grip strength. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between TBS and muscle health indicators, as well as between TBS and the BMD of lumbar spine (L 1-4). Further, multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the independent association between TBS and muscle health indicators. Results:TBS, lean body mass, ASMI, grip strength, and muscle mass of the upper limb, lower limb, trunk, whole body in the OP group were all lower than those in the non-OP group [(1.27±0.07) vs (1.35±0.07) score, (36.64±3.45) vs (39.14±3.62) kg, (6.16±0.56) vs (6.44±0.63) kg/m2, (23.87±3.31) vs (25.34±4.33) kg, (3.54±0.47) vs (3.78±0.47) kg, (11.70±1.33) vs (12.68±1.49) kg, (16.57±1.68) vs (17.50±1.69) kg, and (34.91±3.33) vs (37.13±3.47) kg] (all P<0.05). Pearson analysis showed that TBS was positively correlated with lean body mass, ASMI, grip strength, and muscle mass of the upper limb, lower limb, whole body (all P<0.05). TBS was negatively correlated with age ( P<0.01). TBS was positively correlated with the BMD of lumbar spine (L 1-4) ( r=0.660, P<0.01). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that ASMI was positively correlated with TBS ( β=0.284, P<0.01). Conclusion:In the postmenopausal population, individuals with OP have lower TBS. Furthermore, TBS is closely associated with muscle health.

OBJECTIVE To explore the value of microbiological rapid on-site evaluation(M-ROSE)technique in treatment of the patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia(SCAP).METHODS A total of 124 patients with SCAP who were treated in the department of respiratory and critical care medicine of The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from Sep.2023 to Dec.2024 were enrolled in the study and were random-ly divided into the M-ROSE group and the control group in a 1∶1 ratio based on the status of M-ROSE for bron-choalveolar lavage fluid(BALF).The M-ROSE test and conventional etiological test[metagenomic next genera-tion sequencing(mNGS),smear,culture]were performed for the M-ROSE group,and the conventional etiologi-cal test was only carried out for the control group.The baseline data,symptoms and signs,C-reactive protein lev-el,treatment status and outcomes were observed and compared between the two groups of patients.RESULTS A-mong the 62 patients for whom the BALF specimens were detected with M-ROSE,45(72.58％)patients showed the consistent test result for fungi with mNGS,47(75.81％)patients showed the same test result for cocci with mNGS,and 30(48.39％)patients showed the same test result for bacilli with mNGS.The duration of the M-ROSE test was 1.50(1.50,2.00)h,shorter than that of the smear,culture and mNGS(P＜0.05).The body temperature returning to the normal and the property,volume of sputum were improved more early in days in the M-ROSE group than in the control group after the anti-infection treatment(P＜0.05);the level of inflammatory factor CRP declined more quickly in the M-ROSE group than in the control group(P＜0.05);the effective rates of treatment of the M-ROSE group were higher than those of the control group after the hospitalization for 3,5 and 7 days(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION The M-ROSE test for BALF may facilitate the rapid etiological diagnosis for the patients with SCAP in early stage,provide guidance for the anti-infection treatment strategies,and accelerate the improvement of symptoms and inflammatory factors;it has certain clinical application value.

BACKGROUND:The incidence of fragility fractures caused by osteoporosis is increasing year by year,and it is urgent to explore its pathophysiology,potential biomarkers,therapeutic targets and effective drugs.There are multiple cells in the bone microenvironment,which are crucial for maintaining bone metabolism.In recent years,single-cell RNA sequencing technology has been developed to characterize the transcriptome of single cells,and has been gradually applied to the study of osteoporosis prevention and treatment.OBJECTIVE:To review the application and progress of single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology in osteoporosis research.METHODS:The first author used a computer search of Web of Science,PubMed database,and CNKI from 2009 to 2023.Chinese and English search terms were "single-cell RNA sequencing,bone marrow derived stromal cells,osteoblasts,osteocytes,osteoclasts,immune cells,bone marrow vascular endothelial cells." Through reading and screening of relevant literature,89 articles were finally included in the review analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology can gain an in-depth understanding of the trajectory and regulatory mechanism of cell development,proliferation,differentiation.(2) Candidate genes affecting bone mineral density are mainly concentrated in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell subpopulation,in which Sox9 is a key transcription factor.(3) The differential expression of Runx2 in different subsets of osteoblasts controls the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts.(4) RAB38 is related to histone modification and transcriptional regulation during osteoclast differentiation.(5) Studies at the single-cell level have confirmed that there are many kinds of intercellular communication in the bone microenvironment,and osteoclast may conduct intercellular communication through CD160-TNFRSF14 ligand-receptor binding.The neutrocyte/monocyte may interact with osteoblasts through the RESISTIN pathway.Plasma dendritic cells communicate with osteoblast cell lines through the epidermal growth factor pathway.Both can provide directions for target prediction and drug development.(6) An unrecognized capillary subset is called S-type endothelial cells,which originates entirely from the secondary ossification center of the epiphysis,and is even more malleable than H-type blood vessels.(7) This paper reviews the progress of single-cell transcriptome sequencing in characterizing the differentiation fate and differentiation trajectory of different bone tissue cells,identifying new cell subsets,identifying cell regulatory factors,and clarifying intercellular communication from a cellular perspective,so as to provide cell-level information for exploring the pathogenesis of osteoporosis,screening potential diagnostic markers,predicting therapeutic targets,and exploring the mechanism of drug action.(8) In the future,single-cell sequencing technology will provide more valuable information for changes in the bone microenvironment in the direction of single-cell multiomics (genomics,proteomics,and metabolomics) and other technologies such as spatial transcriptome technology.

Objective To examine the effect and mechanism of Duhuo Jisheng Decoction on lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration.Methods In total,105 Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly assigned to seven groups:sham operation group,model group,Duhuo Jisheng Decoction 1,rapamycin group,rapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group,MHY1485 group,and MHY1485+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group.Except for the sham operation group,the other groups underwent annulus fibrosus puncture to establish a lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD)animal model.After successful model establishment,a six-week drug intervention was performed,followed by MRI evaluation of the degree of disc degeneration.Samples of the L5-6 intervertebral disc were collected for HE and Alcian blue-nuclear fast red staining,and the degeneration of the nucleus pulposus and changes in the extracellular matrix were observed using light microscopy.Simultaneously,the expression levels of the downstream proteins of the mTOR pathway,p70S6K and 4E-BP1,along with the autophagy-related genes Beclin-1 and LC3,were assessed at both the protein and mRNA levels.Autolysosomes in nucleus pulposus cells were visualized using transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Results ①MRI showed disc Pfirrmann grade I in the sham group,and disc Pfirrmann grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ in the remaining 6 groups in L5-6 segments.②The degree of lumbar disc degeneration with histomorphological observation:MHY1485 group>model group>MHY1485 group+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>rapamycin group>Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>rapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>sham group.Allan-nuclear red staining extracellular matrix proteoglycan content:sham group>rapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>rapamycin group>MHY1485 group+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>model group>MHY1485 group.③Relative expression of p-mTOR,p70S6K and 4E-BP1 downstream of mTOR signaling pathway:MHY1485 group>MHY1485 group+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>model group>rapamycin group>Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>rapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>sham group,each experimental group varied significantly from the model group(P<0.01).④Autophagy-related protein Beclin-1 and LC3 expression levels:rapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>rapamycin>MHY1485 group+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>model group>MHY1485>sham group,and the content of each group was significantly(P<0.01).⑤TEM observation of autophagy levels in the cells of each group showed the formation of autolysosomes in Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group,rapamycin group andrapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group.Conclusion Duhuo Jisheng Decoction can slow down the degenerative process of lumbar intervertebral discs in rats,and its effect may be linked to the suppression of the mTOR signaling pathway and the promotion of autophagy in nucleus pulposus cells.

Objective:To analyze the trabecular bone score (TBS) and its association with muscle health in the postmenopausal population.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study. A total of 214 postmenopausal individuals who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry testing at the Beijing Research Institute of Sports Science between January and December 2023 were consecutively included. The participants were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of osteoporosis (OP): 62 cases in the OP group and 152 cases in the non-OP group. All subjects completed body composition assessments and scans of bilateral hip and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD)(All the BMD in this study were areal BMD). Demographic data, including age, age at menarche, age at menopause, and fracture history, were also collected. TBS was calculated using the TBS iNsight software. Muscle health indicators included upper limb, lower limb, trunk, and total muscle mass, lean body mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), and grip strength. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between TBS and muscle health indicators, as well as between TBS and the BMD of lumbar spine (L 1-4). Further, multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the independent association between TBS and muscle health indicators. Results:TBS, lean body mass, ASMI, grip strength, and muscle mass of the upper limb, lower limb, trunk, whole body in the OP group were all lower than those in the non-OP group [(1.27±0.07) vs (1.35±0.07) score, (36.64±3.45) vs (39.14±3.62) kg, (6.16±0.56) vs (6.44±0.63) kg/m2, (23.87±3.31) vs (25.34±4.33) kg, (3.54±0.47) vs (3.78±0.47) kg, (11.70±1.33) vs (12.68±1.49) kg, (16.57±1.68) vs (17.50±1.69) kg, and (34.91±3.33) vs (37.13±3.47) kg] (all P<0.05). Pearson analysis showed that TBS was positively correlated with lean body mass, ASMI, grip strength, and muscle mass of the upper limb, lower limb, whole body (all P<0.05). TBS was negatively correlated with age ( P<0.01). TBS was positively correlated with the BMD of lumbar spine (L 1-4) ( r=0.660, P<0.01). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that ASMI was positively correlated with TBS ( β=0.284, P<0.01). Conclusion:In the postmenopausal population, individuals with OP have lower TBS. Furthermore, TBS is closely associated with muscle health.

The World Health Organization (WHO) classification serves as the internationally recognized standard for diagnosing and classifying hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue tumors(WHO-HEAM). Since 2001, it has undergone multiple upgrades and revisions, updating, clarifying, and refining previous tumor diagnostic and classification standards while incorporating numerous new genetic and molecular biological subtypes. In 2022, two classification proposals emerged due to a wealth of clinical and scientific research results: the fifth edition of the WHO hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue classification (WHO-HAEM5), published in Leukemia journal; and the International Consensus Classification (ICC), published in Blood journal. These two schemes differ in their approach to classifying hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue tumors, posing challenges for clinical laboratory diagnosis and treatment.