ObjectiveAge-related macular degeneration （AMD） is one of the leading causes of low vision and blindness in people over 50 years old， and dry AMD （dAMD） is one type for which there is currently no clear treatment. On the basis of the diagnosis and clinical characteristics of dAMD in traditional Chinese and Western medicine， this paper evaluated the fitting degrees of existing animal models of dAMD with clinical characteristics according to the evaluation methods of animal models， and put forward suggestions and prospects. MethodsLiterature on animal models of dAMD was searched against database， and the characteristics of the models were assigned according to the diagnosis criteria of diseases and syndromes of traditional Chinese and Western medicine， and the fitting degrees of the models with clinical characteristics were analyzed and evaluated. ResultsAt present， the animal models of dAMD are mainly established targeting complement factors， chemokines， oxidative damage， lipid/glucose metabolism， and natural strains. Most of the models can simulate the major pathological changes of dAMD， showing the fitting degree of 25%-50% with clinical characteristics in Western medicine. However， the evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes， especially the evaluation of secondary syndromes， is missing， and the models present low fitting degrees with the clinical characteristics in TCM. ConclusionExisting animal models of dAMD are mostly established under the guidance of Western diagnostic standards， which reproduce the main disease characteristics of Western medicine and lack observation of TCM syndromes. Future studies can pay attention to the intervention factors and evaluation systems of spleen deficiency Qi deficiency and liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome and build the animal model of dAMD with integration of disease and syndrome based on clinical characteristics of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

ObjectiveAge-related macular degeneration （AMD） is one of the leading causes of low vision and blindness in people over 50 years old， and dry AMD （dAMD） is one type for which there is currently no clear treatment. On the basis of the diagnosis and clinical characteristics of dAMD in traditional Chinese and Western medicine， this paper evaluated the fitting degrees of existing animal models of dAMD with clinical characteristics according to the evaluation methods of animal models， and put forward suggestions and prospects. MethodsLiterature on animal models of dAMD was searched against database， and the characteristics of the models were assigned according to the diagnosis criteria of diseases and syndromes of traditional Chinese and Western medicine， and the fitting degrees of the models with clinical characteristics were analyzed and evaluated. ResultsAt present， the animal models of dAMD are mainly established targeting complement factors， chemokines， oxidative damage， lipid/glucose metabolism， and natural strains. Most of the models can simulate the major pathological changes of dAMD， showing the fitting degree of 25%-50% with clinical characteristics in Western medicine. However， the evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes， especially the evaluation of secondary syndromes， is missing， and the models present low fitting degrees with the clinical characteristics in TCM. ConclusionExisting animal models of dAMD are mostly established under the guidance of Western diagnostic standards， which reproduce the main disease characteristics of Western medicine and lack observation of TCM syndromes. Future studies can pay attention to the intervention factors and evaluation systems of spleen deficiency Qi deficiency and liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome and build the animal model of dAMD with integration of disease and syndrome based on clinical characteristics of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Objective To investigate the impact of intraoperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion volume on the postoperative oxygenation index in lung transplant recipients. Methods This retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of patients who underwent lung transplantation at Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from 2021 to 2023. Patients were divided into a non-severe primary graft dysfunction (PGD) group and a severe PGD group based on whether their postoperative oxygenation index was>200 mm Hg at 0, 24, and 48 h. General patient data and intraoperative RBC transfusion volumes were compared between the two groups. A binary logistic regression model was constructed to explore the effect size (OR and its 95%CI) of RBC transfusion volume on postoperative oxygenation status at different time points (0, 24, and 48 h). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to evaluate the model's diagnostic performance. Results A total of 351 patients were included (260 males, 91 females), with ages ranging from 20 to 77 years. The OR for the effect of intraoperative RBC transfusion on poor oxygenation was 1.486 (95%CI 0.982 to 2.248, P=0.061) at 0 h postoperatively, 3.111 (95%CI 1.793 to 5.399, P<0.001) at 24 h, and 1.583 (95%CI 1.026 to 2.442, P=0.038) at 48 h. This indicated that as time progressed, the postoperative oxygenation status of lung transplant recipients was affected by the intraoperative transfusion volume. Furthermore, an RBC transfusion volume>975 mLhad a significant impact on patient oxygenation at 24 and 48 h postoperatively. Conclusion The volume of intraoperative RBC transfusion has a significant impact on the oxygenation status at 24 and 48 h postoperatively. Intraoperative RBC transfusion volume is associated with the occurrence of severe PGD after lung transplantation. Controlling the volume of RBC transfusion during lung transplantation may help reduce the incidence of severe PGD.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between coronary heart disease and hemoglobin levels in high-altitude regions, China.Methods:This study is a single-center retrospective study involving 298 patients who were hospitalized and underwent coronary angiography at the People's Hospital of Xizang Autonomous Region from January to December 2022. The patients were divided into a lesion group and a control group based on the presence of coronary artery lesions. Among them, 152 patients were diagnosed with coronary heart disease and were assigned to the lesion group, while 146 patients had normal coronary angiography results and were included in the control group. Hemoglobin levels, age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and other relevant data were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, based on the status of the coronary artery lesions, the patients were categorized into single-vessel lesion, double-vessel lesion, and triple-vessel lesion groups to analyze the correlation between the Gensini score for coronary artery disease and hemoglobin levels in each group.Results:In the control group, hemoglobin, age, D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation products, glycated hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen were (182.52 ± 28.45) g/L, (59.84 ± 13.14) years, (0.62 ± 1.70) mg/L, (2.92 ± 7.41) mg/L, (6.20 ± 1.22)%, (8.46 ± 21.90) mg/L, and (3.59 ± 1.87) g/L, respectively. In the lesion group, these values were (156.53 ± 23.35) g/L, (56.72 ± 12.70) years, (1.42 ± 2.69) mg/L, (5.32 ± 9.93) mg/L, (6.85 ± 1.88)%, (44.56 ± 64.29) mg/L, and (4.48 ± 2.18) g/L, respectively. The lesion group had lower hemoglobin levels and younger age, while levels of D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation products, glycated hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen were significantly higher ( t = -5.58, -8.75, -2.59, -2.00, -2.82, -5.29, -3.21, all P < 0.05). A binary logistic regression analysis of these factors revealed that hemoglobin ( OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.08-0.78) is a protective factor for coronary heart disease ( P < 0.05). Both D-dimer ( OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.00-2.15) and glycated hemoglobin ( OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.00-1.60) were identified as independent risk factors for coronary heart disease (both P < 0.05). In the lesion group, hemoglobin levels were highest in the single-vessel lesion group [(161.22 ± 19.28) g/L], followed by the double-vessel lesion group [(154.84 ± 23.66) g/L], and lowest in the triple-vessel lesion group [(144.34 ± 26.57) g/L, all P < 0.05]. The Gensini scores were highest in the triple-vessel lesion group (89.96 ± 33.14), followed by the double-vessel lesion group (59.25 ± 17.28), and lowest in the single-vessel lesion subgroup (8.35 ± 4.56) (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Hemoglobin is a protective factor for coronary heart disease, with lower hemoglobin levels associated with more severe coronary artery lesions in coronary heart disease.

Drug therapy and surgical treatment are the two primary methods for treating renal tuberculosis.With the increase in drug-resistant strains,some novel anti-tuberculosis drugs,such as Delamanid and Bedaquiline,are being developed and gradually applied in clinical practice.Surgical treatment is suitable for patients with poor re-sponses to drug therapy and those who develop complications.Surgical methods include nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy.As the goal of preserving renal function as much as possible becomes more important,minimally in-vasive treatments have been adopted,with significant contributions from percutaneous nephrostomy and ureteral stent placement.Additionally,immunotherapy has emerged as a new direction,with immunomodulators such as interferons and interleukins under investigation.This article discusses the status and research progress in the treat-ment of renal tuberculosis,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for future treatments.

Objective To investigate the effects of digital platform construction in departmental Party branches on the or-ganizational stronghold role of primary-level Party organizations.Methods Under the leadership of the hospital Party committee,the Radiology Department Party Branch launched the development of a"Party building+Services"digital platform in July 2021,facilitating a comprehensive integration of political and operational activities.This study retrospectively compared the differences in the indicators of party-building and the disciplinary development,mainly including Party-building effectiveness,team cohe-sion,management efficiency,clinical services,scientific research outputs,and educational performances between three-years pre-and post-implementation.Additionally,it also summed up the impact of an electronic platform development on the role of primary-level Party organizations as a combat bastion.Results Post-implementation metrics demonstrated statistically significant improvements in such indicators of Party organization building and disciplinary development as primary-level Party building effec-tiveness,team cohesion,management efficiency,scientific research outputs,and educational performances(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The establishment of an electronic platform within the department fosters deep integration and intelligent empower-ment of Party building and operational activities,enhances the quality of Party building,and promotes the advancement of disci-plines,thereby reinforcing the role of primary-level Party organizations as effective combat bastions.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between coronary heart disease and hemoglobin levels in high-altitude regions, China.Methods:This study is a single-center retrospective study involving 298 patients who were hospitalized and underwent coronary angiography at the People's Hospital of Xizang Autonomous Region from January to December 2022. The patients were divided into a lesion group and a control group based on the presence of coronary artery lesions. Among them, 152 patients were diagnosed with coronary heart disease and were assigned to the lesion group, while 146 patients had normal coronary angiography results and were included in the control group. Hemoglobin levels, age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and other relevant data were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, based on the status of the coronary artery lesions, the patients were categorized into single-vessel lesion, double-vessel lesion, and triple-vessel lesion groups to analyze the correlation between the Gensini score for coronary artery disease and hemoglobin levels in each group.Results:In the control group, hemoglobin, age, D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation products, glycated hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen were (182.52 ± 28.45) g/L, (59.84 ± 13.14) years, (0.62 ± 1.70) mg/L, (2.92 ± 7.41) mg/L, (6.20 ± 1.22)%, (8.46 ± 21.90) mg/L, and (3.59 ± 1.87) g/L, respectively. In the lesion group, these values were (156.53 ± 23.35) g/L, (56.72 ± 12.70) years, (1.42 ± 2.69) mg/L, (5.32 ± 9.93) mg/L, (6.85 ± 1.88)%, (44.56 ± 64.29) mg/L, and (4.48 ± 2.18) g/L, respectively. The lesion group had lower hemoglobin levels and younger age, while levels of D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation products, glycated hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen were significantly higher ( t = -5.58, -8.75, -2.59, -2.00, -2.82, -5.29, -3.21, all P < 0.05). A binary logistic regression analysis of these factors revealed that hemoglobin ( OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.08-0.78) is a protective factor for coronary heart disease ( P < 0.05). Both D-dimer ( OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.00-2.15) and glycated hemoglobin ( OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.00-1.60) were identified as independent risk factors for coronary heart disease (both P < 0.05). In the lesion group, hemoglobin levels were highest in the single-vessel lesion group [(161.22 ± 19.28) g/L], followed by the double-vessel lesion group [(154.84 ± 23.66) g/L], and lowest in the triple-vessel lesion group [(144.34 ± 26.57) g/L, all P < 0.05]. The Gensini scores were highest in the triple-vessel lesion group (89.96 ± 33.14), followed by the double-vessel lesion group (59.25 ± 17.28), and lowest in the single-vessel lesion subgroup (8.35 ± 4.56) (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Hemoglobin is a protective factor for coronary heart disease, with lower hemoglobin levels associated with more severe coronary artery lesions in coronary heart disease.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI)in the treatment of children with non-massive pro-teinuria IgA vasculitis nephritis(IgAVN).Methods A total of 42 children with non-massive pro-teinuria IgAVN in the Guiyang Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital from August 2023 to August 2024 were collected as the study subjects.They were divided into ACEI group(n=23)and ACEI combined with HCQ group(n=19).The urinary microalbumin level,24-hour urinary protein,rou-tine urinalysis,adverse reactions,electrocardiogram findings,and fundus examination results were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results At 0.5,1,3 and 6 months of treatment,the urinary microalbumin,24-hour urinary protein,and urinary red blood cell counts in both groups showed significantly decreasing trend(P＜0.05).At 3 and 6 months of treatment,the urinary microalbumin and 24-hour urinary protein levels in the ACEI combined with HCQ group were significantly lower than those in the ACEI group(P＜0.05).At 0.5,1,3,and 6 months of treat-ment,the urinary red blood cell counts in the ACEI combined with HCQ group were significantly lower than those in the ACEI group(P＜0.05).The total remission rate was 68.4％(13/19)in the ACEI combined with HCQ group and 56.5％(13/23)in the ACEI group,with no significant between-group difference(P＞0.05).In the ACEI combined with HCQ group,there were 2 cases of nausea,1 case of abnormal liver function,and 1 case of respiratory tract infection,with a total incidence rate of 21.1％(4/19).In the ACEI group,there were 2 cases of nausea,2 cases of diz-ziness,1 case of abnormal liver function,and 2 cases of respiratory tract infection,with a total inci-dence rate of 30.4％(7/23).There was significant difference in the total incidence of adverse re-actions between the two groups(P=0.029).No serious adverse events such as arrhythmia or reti-nopathy occurred in children in the two groups.Conclusion HCQ combined with ACEI treatment exhibits a favorable anti-urinary protein effect and good safety.

ObjectiveTo analyze the trend of incidence, mortality rate and survival rate of breast cancer among women with registered residence in Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou City in Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2023, and to provide a basis for improving breast cancer prevention and control strategies. MethodsData on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer among women with registered residence in Xiaoshan District from 2014 to 2023 were collected through Zhejiang Chronic Disease Monitoring and Management System. The crude incidence and mortality rate, as well as the age-standardized incidence and mortality rate using both the 2000 Chinese standard population (abbreviated as “Chinese ASR”) and Segi’s 1960 world standard population (“world ASR”) were calculated. Joinpoint model was employed to analyze the trends in incidence and mortality rate, while R software (version 4.1.1) was used to analyze the 5-year relative survival rate to assess the survival status of breast cancer patients. ResultsFrom 2014 to 2023, the crude incidence rate, the Chinese age-standardized incidence rate (ASIRC) and the world age-standardized incidence rate (ASIRW) of breast cancer among women with registered residence in Xiaoshan District were from 70.00/100 000 to 128.35/100 000, from 52.92/100 000 to 94.29/100 000, and from 40.82/100 000 to 72.07/100 000, respectively, with the corresponding average annual percentage changes (AAPC) of 5.80%, 4.63% and 4.71%, respectively, showing a significant increasing trend over the decade (all P<0.05). The incidence rate of breast cancer among people aged 30‒<40 years old or 50‒<75 years old exhibited a significant increase trend from 2014 to 2023 (all P<0.05). The crude mortality rate of breast cancer in female was from 7.75/100 000 to 12.34/100 000, the ASMRC of breast cancer in female was from 4.62/100 000 to 7.53/100 000, and the ASMRW of breast cancer in female was from 3.58/100 000 to 5.71/100 000, and the AAPC had no statistically significance. However, the mortality rate of breast cancer was increased with age (P<0.001). The 5-year age-standardized relative survival rate of breast cancer in female in Xiaoshan District was significantly higher in the 2016‒2018 period (94.46%) compared to the 2013‒2015 period (91.02%) (P<0.05). ConclusionFrom 2014 to 2023, the annual incidence of breast cancer among women with registered residence in Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou City in Zhejiang Province showed an increasing trend, while the change in mortality rate was not statistically significant. The 5-year survival rate of breast cancer in female was at a high level, indicating notable achievements in comprehensive prevention and control efforts. It is essential to continue to strengthen public awareness campaigns for breast cancer prevention and control, control breast cancer risk factors, actively carry out early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer among target groups, and improve the quality of life for breast cancer patients.

Objective:To evaluate the role of hippocampal activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) in cognitive impairment induced by neuropathic pain and the relationship with mitochondrial unfolded protein response(mtUPR) in mice.Methods:This study was conducted in 2 parts. Experiment Ⅰ Twenty-four SPF healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 2 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (S1 group) and neuropathic pain group (NP group). Neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction injury to the sciatic nerve. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured before developing the model and at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after developing the model. Mouse cognitive function was assessed using the novel object recognition test from 30-31 days after developing the model. After the end of the novel object recognition test, mice were sacrificed and the hippocampal CA1 region was harvested for determination of the expression of ATF5 (by Western blot) and the expression of ATF5 in neurons, microglia and astrocytes (by immunofluorescence double staining). Experiment Ⅱ Thirty-six SPF healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (S2 group), neuropathic pain + ATF5 up-regulation group (NA group), and neuropathic pain + empty virus group (NE group). On day 14 after developing the model, a virus that specifically up-regulated ATF5 expression in neurons and empty virus were injected into the hippocampal CA1 region. The MWT and TWL were measured at days 28 and 35 after developing the model. The novel object recognition test was performed on day 36 after developing the model to evaluate the cognitive function. After the end of the behavioral test, mice were sacrificed and the hippocampal CA1 region was harvested for detection of the expression of ATF5 and mtUPR marker proteins (Lon protease [LONP1] and heat shock protein 60 [HSP60]) by Western blot. Results:Experiment Ⅰ Compared with S1 group, no statistically significant change was found in the MWT and TWL before developing the model ( P>0.05), the MWT and TWL were significantly decreased on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after developing the model, the discrimination index (DI) was decreased at day 31 after developing the model, the expression of ATF5 was down-regulated, the expression of ATF5 in neurons was down-regulated ( P<0.05), and no statistically significant change was found in the expression of ATF5 in mircrolia and astrocytes in NP group ( P>0.05). Experiment Ⅱ Compared with S2 group, the MWT and TWL were significantly decreased on days 28 and 35 after developing the model in NE group and NA group, DI was decreased, and the expression of ATF5, LONP1 and HSP60 was down-regulated in NE group ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in NA group ( P>0.05). Compared with NE group, no significant change was found in the MWT and TWL in NA group ( P>0.05), DI was significantly increased, and the expression of ATF5, LONP1 and HSP60 was up-regulated in NA group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Down-regulated ATF5 in the hippocampus is involved in the process of cognitive impairment caused by neuropathic pain, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of mtUPR.