Objective To explore the association of maternal smoking,alcohol consumption and betel nut consumption during pre-pregnancy/early pregnancy with risk of preterm birth in offspring.Methods This first-trimester cohort study was conducted among pregnant women who attended their first prenatal care and were between 8 and 14 gestational weeks in seven maternal and child health hospitals in Hunan Province between August,2014 and December,2019.Information on exposure and preterm birth was collected by using an epidemiological questionnaire combined with the hospital's medical record system.The logistic regression was used to analyze the association of maternal smoking,alcohol consumption,betel nut consumption as well as their interactions and additive effects with risk of preterm birth.Results Among 34104 singleton pregnancies,the incidence of preterm birth was 11.8％(95％CI:11.5％～12.2％).Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that maternal active smoking(OR=1.246,95％CI:1.016～1.527),passive smoking(OR=1.095,95％CI:1.010～1.187),alcohol consumption(OR=1.619,95％CI:1.372～1.911)and betel nut consumption(OR=1.381,95％CI:1.098～1.737)during pre-pregnancy/early pregnancy were significantly associated with risk of preterm birth.Results from the interaction analysis showed that there were interactions between active smoking and alcohol consumption(OR=0.260,95％CI:0.127～0.530)and between passive smoking and alcohol consumption(OR=1.558,95％CI:1.048～2.322)in the risk of preterm birth.Additive effect analysis showed that the risk of preterm birth increased with the increase of risk behaviors including active smoking,passive smoking,alcohol consumption and betel nut consumption(the range of OR:1.163 to 2.259).Conclusion Maternal active smoking,passive smoking,alcohol consumption,and betel nut consumption during pre-pregnancy/early pregnancy significantly increased the risk of preterm birth.Additionally,women with more of the above risk behaviors had a higher risk of preterm birth,suggesting the importance of keeping healthy behaviors before/during pregnancy to prevent preterm birth.

Objective:To evaluate the association between pre-pregnancy urolithiasis and pre-eclampsia and to further explore the mediating effect of hyperuricemia in early pregnancy on the relationship between urolithiasis and pre-eclampsia.Methods:Pregnant women attending prenatal care in early pregnancy at 7 Maternal and Child Health Hospitals in Hunan Province from August 2014 to December 2019 were recruited to construct a cohort of early pregnancy. The paper questionnaire collected demographic data on pregnant women, pre-pregnancy disease history, and living habits, etc. Besides, the early pregnancy laboratory examination and pregnancy outcome for this pregnancy were derived from the hospital's electronic medical record system. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between pre-pregnancy urolithiasis and pre-eclampsia, and causal mediation analysis was used to investigate the mediating role and magnitude of hyperuricemia in early pregnancy in the association pathway between pre-pregnancy urolithiasis and pre-eclampsia. Results:A total of 33 579 naturally conceived singleton pregnant women were included in the analysis, of which 3 230 cases (9.6%) had hyperuricemia in early pregnancy, and 666 cases (2.0%) had pre-eclampsia. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that pre-pregnancy urolithiasis increased the risk of pre-eclampsia ( OR=2.65, 95% CI: 1.56-4.51). Mediation analysis showed that after controlling for confounders, hyperuricemia in early pregnancy could mediate the association between pre-pregnancy urolithiasis and pre-eclampsia, with a mediation effect proportion of 46% ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Pre-pregnancy urolithiasis is an independent risk factor for pre-eclampsia, and early pregnancy hyperuricemia has a certain mediating effect between urolithiasis and pre-eclampsia.

Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019, this study characterized the burden of dietary iron deficiency across 154 countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). A joinpoint regression model was employed to assess temporal trends in disease burden. Pearson correlation analysis and locally weighted regression were utilized to investigate the relationship between burden and the socio-demographic index (SDI). Slope indices and concentration indices were calculated to evaluate health inequalities, while frontier analysis explored disease burden benchmarks. Key metrics included prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Results revealed downward trends in age-standardized prevalence rates and age-standardized DALYs rates of dietary iron deficiency among children under 10 years old in 117 and 125 BRI countries, respectively, from 1990 to 2019. A significant negative correlation was observed between disease burden and SDI in 2019 ( R=-0.80, P<0.001). The slope indices decreased from -936 (95% CI:-1 006, -806) in 1990 to -1 128 (95% CI:-1 256, -999) in 2019, while the concentration indices declined from -0.24 (95% CI:-0.28, -0.20) to -0.35 (95% CI:-0.39, -0.30) during the same period. Frontier analysis further identified substantial gaps between observed outcomes and optimal performance thresholds in several countries.

Objective:To evaluate the association between pre-pregnancy urolithiasis and pre-eclampsia and to further explore the mediating effect of hyperuricemia in early pregnancy on the relationship between urolithiasis and pre-eclampsia.Methods:Pregnant women attending prenatal care in early pregnancy at 7 Maternal and Child Health Hospitals in Hunan Province from August 2014 to December 2019 were recruited to construct a cohort of early pregnancy. The paper questionnaire collected demographic data on pregnant women, pre-pregnancy disease history, and living habits, etc. Besides, the early pregnancy laboratory examination and pregnancy outcome for this pregnancy were derived from the hospital's electronic medical record system. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between pre-pregnancy urolithiasis and pre-eclampsia, and causal mediation analysis was used to investigate the mediating role and magnitude of hyperuricemia in early pregnancy in the association pathway between pre-pregnancy urolithiasis and pre-eclampsia. Results:A total of 33 579 naturally conceived singleton pregnant women were included in the analysis, of which 3 230 cases (9.6%) had hyperuricemia in early pregnancy, and 666 cases (2.0%) had pre-eclampsia. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that pre-pregnancy urolithiasis increased the risk of pre-eclampsia ( OR=2.65, 95% CI: 1.56-4.51). Mediation analysis showed that after controlling for confounders, hyperuricemia in early pregnancy could mediate the association between pre-pregnancy urolithiasis and pre-eclampsia, with a mediation effect proportion of 46% ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Pre-pregnancy urolithiasis is an independent risk factor for pre-eclampsia, and early pregnancy hyperuricemia has a certain mediating effect between urolithiasis and pre-eclampsia.

Objective To explore the association of maternal smoking,alcohol consumption and betel nut consumption during pre-pregnancy/early pregnancy with risk of preterm birth in offspring.Methods This first-trimester cohort study was conducted among pregnant women who attended their first prenatal care and were between 8 and 14 gestational weeks in seven maternal and child health hospitals in Hunan Province between August,2014 and December,2019.Information on exposure and preterm birth was collected by using an epidemiological questionnaire combined with the hospital's medical record system.The logistic regression was used to analyze the association of maternal smoking,alcohol consumption,betel nut consumption as well as their interactions and additive effects with risk of preterm birth.Results Among 34104 singleton pregnancies,the incidence of preterm birth was 11.8％(95％CI:11.5％～12.2％).Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that maternal active smoking(OR=1.246,95％CI:1.016～1.527),passive smoking(OR=1.095,95％CI:1.010～1.187),alcohol consumption(OR=1.619,95％CI:1.372～1.911)and betel nut consumption(OR=1.381,95％CI:1.098～1.737)during pre-pregnancy/early pregnancy were significantly associated with risk of preterm birth.Results from the interaction analysis showed that there were interactions between active smoking and alcohol consumption(OR=0.260,95％CI:0.127～0.530)and between passive smoking and alcohol consumption(OR=1.558,95％CI:1.048～2.322)in the risk of preterm birth.Additive effect analysis showed that the risk of preterm birth increased with the increase of risk behaviors including active smoking,passive smoking,alcohol consumption and betel nut consumption(the range of OR:1.163 to 2.259).Conclusion Maternal active smoking,passive smoking,alcohol consumption,and betel nut consumption during pre-pregnancy/early pregnancy significantly increased the risk of preterm birth.Additionally,women with more of the above risk behaviors had a higher risk of preterm birth,suggesting the importance of keeping healthy behaviors before/during pregnancy to prevent preterm birth.

Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019, this study characterized the burden of dietary iron deficiency across 154 countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). A joinpoint regression model was employed to assess temporal trends in disease burden. Pearson correlation analysis and locally weighted regression were utilized to investigate the relationship between burden and the socio-demographic index (SDI). Slope indices and concentration indices were calculated to evaluate health inequalities, while frontier analysis explored disease burden benchmarks. Key metrics included prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Results revealed downward trends in age-standardized prevalence rates and age-standardized DALYs rates of dietary iron deficiency among children under 10 years old in 117 and 125 BRI countries, respectively, from 1990 to 2019. A significant negative correlation was observed between disease burden and SDI in 2019 ( R=-0.80, P<0.001). The slope indices decreased from -936 (95% CI:-1 006, -806) in 1990 to -1 128 (95% CI:-1 256, -999) in 2019, while the concentration indices declined from -0.24 (95% CI:-0.28, -0.20) to -0.35 (95% CI:-0.39, -0.30) during the same period. Frontier analysis further identified substantial gaps between observed outcomes and optimal performance thresholds in several countries.

Objective To investigate the life quality of parents of asthma children as well as the influencing factors? Method Totally 125 parents of children with asthma from three different communities in Guangzhou were involved in the survey by the Chinese Paediatric Asthma Caregiver’s Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ) and demographic questionnaire? Results The total score on PACQLQ was(4?34±1?03): the scores on dimentions of limited motion and affection were(4?29±1?55)and(4?36±0?89),respectively?The major factors influencing the life quality of their parents included the relationship with them and their disease course? Conclusions The life quality of their parents reaches the lowest level at the beginning of confirmed diagnosis of asthma? The health education should be performed right after confirmed diagnosis? During health education,their mental stress is worth our great attention?