Objective To prepare paclitaxel-natural borneol complex,and to explore the prescription and preparation process of paclitaxel-natural borneol complex drug-loaded submicroemulsion,and its in vitro anti-tumor effect.Methods The Paclitaxel-natural borneol complex was prepared by grinding method and identified by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The compound drug-loaded submicroemulsion was prepared using a two-step high-pressure emulsification method.The single-factor investigation and the orthogonal experimental design were applied to optimize the formulation and preparation process.MTT assay,cell cloning assay,and cell scratch assay were used to evaluate the effect of this preparation on HCT-116 cells.Results The infrared spectral absorption peaks of taxol-natural borneol complex at 3 312.76 cm-1 and 3 513.92 cm-1 disappeared,and DSC analysis showed that a new absorption peak of taxol-natural borneol complex appeared at 154.56 ℃,indicating that taxol be coupled with natural borneol to form a new complex.The optimal prescription was 0.44％active pharmaceutical ingredient[paclitaxel-natural borneol(1∶3)],10％medium chain triglyceride,3％emulsifier[egg yolk lecithin-Poloxam 188(1∶2)],2％glycerol,0.3％oleate.The optimal process was emulsification at 80 ℃,60 MPa high pressure homogenization 10 times.The half inhibitory concentration(IC50)was 0.75 μg·mL-1 by MTT asssy in cell.In the cell cloning assay,the scratch healing area of blank control group,paclitaxel raw material and paclitaxel/natural borneol submicroemulsion were(36.44±3.35)％,(13.59±9.28)％,(8.30±4.09)％,respectively.The results were statistically significant(P＜0.05).In the plate cloning experiment,the cell cloning rates of blank control group,paclitaxel bulk drug group and submicroemulsion group were(37.92±0.729)％,(9.16±1.335)％and(3.36±1.065)％,respectively,the differents were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion This submicroemulsion has reasonable prescription,feasible process and good stability.Cell experiments showed that the submicronemulision effectively inhibits the proliferation and migration of HCT-116 cells,suggesting its potential as a promising antitumor agent.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Jiaohong pills （JHP） and its prescription， Pericarpium Zanthoxyli （PZ） and Rehmanniae Radix （RR） cognitive dysfunction in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease （AD） mice and its mechanism through pharmacodynamic and metabolomics study. MethodThe animal model of AD induced by scopolamine was established and treated with PZ， RG and JHP， respectively. The effects of JHP and its formulations were investigated by open field test， water maze test， object recognition test， avoidance test， cholinergic system and oxidative stress related biochemical test. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of cerebral cortex was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-Quadrupole/Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）. ResultThe behavioral data showed that， compared with the model group， the discrimination indexes of the high dose of JHP， PZ and RR groups was significantly increased （P<0.05）. The staging rate of Morris water maze test in the PZ， RR， high and low dose groups of JHP was significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the crossing numbers in the PZ， JHP high and low dose groups were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）； the number of errors in the avoidance test were significantly reduced in the PZ and high-dose JHP groups （P<0.01）， and the error latencies were significantly increased in the JHP and its prescription drug groups （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the activities of acetylcholinesterase in the cerebral cortex of the two doses of JHP group and the PZ group were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the activity of acetylcholinesterase in the high-dose JHP group was significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and the level of acetylcholine was significantly increased （P<0.01）. At the same time， the contents of malondialdehyde in the serum of the two dose groups of JHP decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The results of metabolomics study of cerebral cortex showed that 149 differential metabolites were identified between the JHP group and the model group， which were involved in neurotransmitter metabolism， energy metabolism， oxidative stress and amino acid metabolism. ConclusionJHP and its prescription can antagonize scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction， regulate cholinergic system， and reduce oxidative stress damage. The mechanism of its therapeutic effect on AD is related to the regulation of neurotransmitter， energy， amino acid metabolism， and improvement of oxidative stress.

ObjectiveTo investigate the pharmacodynamic characteristics and explore the molecular mechanism of Honghua oral liquid （HOL） in relieving neuropathic pain （NP）. MethodHealthy male SD rats were randomly assigned into sham group， model group， low-， medium-， high-dose （0.5， 1.0， 2.0 mL·kg^-1·d^-1， respectively） HOL groups， and a positive drug （pregabalin， 25 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） group， with 6 rats in each group. Spinal nerve ligation （SNL） of L5 was conducted in other groups except the sham group. Drug administration was performed 3 days after the SNL surgery for 2 consecutive weeks， and samples were collected after the end of the administration. During the treatment period， the mechanical pain threshold and cold pain threshold were determined to measure the pain-relieving effect of HOL. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on hippocampal tissue samples from the sham， model， and high-dose HOL groups， and differentially expressed genes between the sham group and the model group as well as the model group and HOL high-dose group were obtained. After pathway enrichment analysis， we selected the targets which were closely related to neuroinflammation for validation， and predicted the specific binding sites of the major active components in HOL with the targets through molecular docking. In addition， the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-10 （IL-10） were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） to evaluate the effect of HOL on neuroinflammation in NP rats. ResultCompared with the sham group， SNL decreased the mechanical pain threshold and cold pain threshold （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， HOL recovered the mechanical pain threshold and cold pain threshold （P<0.05）. The transcriptome data showed that 376 differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were identified between the model group and the sham group， including 124 upregulated genes and 252 downregulated genes， and 194 DEGs between the model group and the high-dose HOL group， including 33 upregulated genes and 161 downregulated genes. Among them， insulin-like growth factor 1（IGF1）， matrix metallopeptidase-2 （MMP-2）， matrix metallopeptidase-14 （MMP-14）， erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 （ERBB2）， and integrin subunit alpha 5 （ITGA5） associated with NP were selected for further validation. The Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） results showed that compared with the sham group， the modeling up-gurelated the mRNA levels of the above five molecules in the hippocampus （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， HOL down-regulated the mRNA levels of these molecules （P<0.01）. The molecular docking results showed that the main active components of safflower， hydroxysafflor yellow A， kaempferol， and quercetin， formed stable hydrogen bonds with the amino acid residues of IGF1， MMP-2， MMP-14， ERBB2， and ITGA5. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） results showed that compared with those in the sham group， the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were out of balance in the model rats （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， HOL lowered the level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α （P<0.01） and elevated that of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 （P<0.05）. ConclusionHOL exerts analgesic effect on SNL rats by inhibiting neuroinflammation.

Objective:To investigate the application effects of a one-time filling root canal in root canal therapy in plateau areas and evaluate its feasibility in oral clinic in plateau areas.Methods:Sixty-eight patients who received root canal therapy for anterior teeth and premolars (75 teeth) from August to December 2018 in Shannan People's Hospital were included in this study. They were divided into control group ( n = 33; 36 teeth) and observation group ( n = 35; 39 teeth) according to odd and even numbers of admission date. Patients in the control group received conventional root canal therapy and those in the observation group underwent one-time root canal filling therapy. Efficacy was compared between the two groups. Results:After 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month of treatment, the success rate in the control group was 88.9%, 94.4%, 100.0%, respectively, and it was 87.2%, 94.9% and 100.0%, respectively in the observation group. There was no significant difference in success rate between the two groups at three time points studied (all P > 0.05). Conclusion:One-time filling root canal therapy can achieve ideal therapeutic effects under strict control of surgical indications. This method is worthy of clinical promotion especially in plateau areas.

AIM: To assess the bioequivalence of pramipexole hydrochloride tablets with reference(Sifrol). METHODS: A randomized, open-label, 2-period crossover study was conducted in 48 healthy Chinese volunteers under fasted or fed conditions (24 volunteers for each condition). In each session, the subjects received a single oral dose of 0.25 mg test (T) or reference (R) formulation. Pramipexole concentrations in plasma were determined by a validated HPLC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental model through Phoenix WinNonlin version 6.4. Other statistic analysis were analyzed by using software of SAS 9.3. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic parameters of test drug and reference drug under fasted condition(n=20) were: C

Objective To estimate the diagnostic value of cytology, DNA-ICM(DNA-image cytometry),cytology combined with DNA-ICM for pancreatic malignancy,and to explore the cut-off value for DNA-ICM. Methods Patients with suspicious pancreatic malignancy were retrospectively identified. In total,145 EUS-FNA specimens acquired from 140 separate patients were examined by cytology and DNA-ICM. Diagnostic values among cytology, DNA-ICM and the combination of the techniques in detecting pancreatic malignancy were compared. Results Compared with cytology, DNA-ICM had a lower sensitivity (63.0% VS 82.4%)and accuracy(69.7% VS 85.5%). After combining the techniques, the diagnostic value for pancreatic malignancy significantly improved compared with that by cytology(0.941 VS 0.912, P=0.007 0)or DNA-ICM only(0.941 VS 0.815, P<0.000 1). By using the Youden index, the cut-off value for DNA-ICM to detect pancreatic malignancy was one cell with DI(DNA index)≥2.5. Notably,with this standard, the sensitivity and accuracy of DNA-ICM significantly increased to 72.3% and 77.2%, and those of the combined techniques increased to 91.6% and 93.1%, respectively. Conclusion Automated DNA-ICM is an objective and effective method for pancreatic malignancy. Although DNA-ICM has a lower diagnostic value than that of conventional cytology, an improved value was obtained after combining the techniques.

Objective: To investigate the expression of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2) in colorectal cancers and to explore the relationship between MMR expression and clinicopathologic features. Methods: Six hundred and fifty-eight colon cancers were collected from January 2016 to January 2017 at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. Of the 658 patients there were 409 male and 249 female. The patients were 20 to 92 years old, with average age of (63±5) years old. Expression of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 protein was detected by immunohistochemical method. Immunohistochemistry for BRAF V600E was performed in colorectal cancers with loss of MLH1 protein expression. Relationship between MMR protein expression and clinicopathologic features was analyzed statistically. Results: Forty-four cases of 658 cases (6.7%) lost at least one MMR protein expression. Expression deficiency rates of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 were 4.1%(27/658), 2.3%(15/658), 2.4% (16/658), and 4.3% (28/658), respectively. MMR expression deficiency mainly consisted of combined loss of MLH1/PMS2 (61.4%, 27/44) and MSH2/MSH6 (34.1%, 15/44). Two unique mutations were identified including one MSH6-deficient(2.3%, 1/44) and PMS2-deficient(2.3%, 1/44). Seven cases (25.9%, 7/27) had positive BRAF V600E expression, suggesting BRAF gene mutation related sporadic colorectal cancers. No correlation was observed between the expression of MMR and depth of tumor infiltration, lymph node metastasis, vascular tumor emboli, clinical stage or hematogenous metastasis (P>0.05). MMR status was associated with tumor cell differentiation, histological type and tumor location (P<0.01). Tumors with combined MLH1 and PMS2 loss were associated with mucinous differentiation (P=0.049, P=0.013) and located in the right hemi-colon (P=0.006, P=0.002). Combined MSH2 and PMS2 loss was related to gender, while loss of MSH2 protein was observed more frequently in female patients (P=0.048) and loss of PMS2 protein was seen more frequently in male patients (P=0.031). Conclusions Patients with MMR protein deficiency have a younger onset age and poorly differentiated tumors. Most tumors are located in the right hemi-colon and have mucinous differentiation.

After the problems in military postgraduate information literacy education were analyzed, the construction of a systematic and coherent information literacy education course system for military postgraduates in close combination with their subjects was proposed by setting up multidimensional education target, designing three-stage foundation-subject-innovation course, combining traditional literature retrieval course and embedded professional course, combining case teaching, heuristic discussion and innovative talent information literacy training approach, by infiltrating the physical and virtual space both in and outside university, and by participating in the study and research activities of postgraduates.

Objective To study the effective composition of Aster ageratoides Turcz for relieving asthma and its toxicity . Methods Seventy‐two qualified male guinea pigs ,body mass(300 ± 20)g ,were randomly divided into the control group ,aminophyl‐line group(0 .047 g/kg) and different ratio group of total saponins and total flavonoids (8∶1 ,4∶1 ,2∶1 ,1∶1 ,1∶2 ,1∶4 ,1∶8) . Every group received at dose of 0 .38 g/kg once a day for 3 days by intragastric administration .The effect of relieving asthma was taken as the indicators for the optimization of compositions ,which was detected by observing the latent period of asthma induced by acetylcholine‐histamine in guinea rats .The relaxation percentage of smooth muscle retracted by acetylcholine was detected by Pow‐erlab biological signal collecting system when aminophylline(1 .25 mg/mL) and different matching drugs(0 .02 g/mL) were added in Krebs′solution .The acute toxicities of total saponins ,total flavonoids and mixture of total saponins with total flavonoids (ratio of 1∶2) were detected by classical acute toxicity test of mice .Results Compared with the control group ,aminophylline group ,each group latent period of inducing asthma significantly or very significantly prolonged (P<0 .05) ,among them ,1∶1 ,1∶2 ,1∶4 group and other matching group were significantly different(P<0 .05) ,but 1∶2 group cited the longest incubation period .Aminophylline group and the ratio could significantly relaxe guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle retracted by acetylcholine .Aminophylline group di‐astolic percentage was the largest(24 .12 ± 1 .20)% ,all the groups were less than the percentage of diastolic aminophylline group (P<0 .05) ,but in 1∶2 group with the closest .Aster ageratoides Turcz ,tatarian aster total saponins ,total flavonoids and the ratio of 1∶2 to mice maximum tolerance was respectively 300 ,345 ,325 g/kg .Conclusion For the same total dosage ,the relieving asth‐ma effects of proportions of 1∶2 Aster ageratoides Turcz were obvious .There are no abnormal changes in the acute toxicity trila with total flavonoids ,total saponins ,as well as the ratio of 1∶2 ,safety is relatively good .

Objective To investigate the role of histone lysine methyltransferase G9a in sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in the developing brain of neonatal rats.Methods Thirty-six 5-day-old male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12):control group,sevoflurane group and Bix01294 (the inhibitor of histone lysine methyltransferase G9a)group.The rats in the sevoflurane group and the Bix01294 group received 3% sevoflurane anesthesia for 2 hours once a day at postnatal 5-7 days (P5-P7 ).The rats in the Bix01294 group received Bix01294 (10 mg/kg)subcu-taneously at 1 5 min before anesthesia,and the rats in the control group and sevoflurane group received normal saline for injection (0.1 ml)at the same time.The open-field test and fear condition-ing test were performed at P3 5 and P3 9-P41 ,respectively.The tissues of hippocampus were collected at P42 to measure the levels of G9a,histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me 2 )and synapsin 1. Results Compared with the control group,the percentage of freezing time of sevoflurane group was significantly decreased in the contextual fear condition test,while the levels of G9a and H3K9me 2 were significantly increased and the level of synapsin 1 was significantly decreased (P <0.01).How-ever,the percentage of freezing time of Bix01294 group was significantly increased,while the levels of G9a and H3K9me 2 were significantly decreased and the level of synapsin 1 was significantly in-creased compared with the sevoflurane group (P <0.05).There was no difference in the total distance and residence time in the central grid in the open-field test,and the percentage of freezing time in the cued fear condition test among the three groups.Conclusion Histone lysine methyltransferase G9a is involved in the sevoflurane-induced long-term cognitive impairment in developing brain of neonatal rats,which may be associated with the increase of H3K9me 2 and the down-regulation of synapsin 1 in the hippocampus.