F-FDG PET/CT is an ideal auxiliary tool for early and accurate diagnosis of malignant tumors in children.This guideline aimed to standardize 18F-FDG PET/CT examination process for malignant tumors in children,hence providing references for nuclear medicine professionals.

AIM:This study aims to investigate the protective effect of α-lipoic acid(α-LA)against alcohol-induced damage in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes and to explore the underlying mechanisms.METHODS:An alcohol-induced injury model of H9c2 cells was established,and the cells were divided into 4 groups:control group,alcohol group,α-LA group,and alcohol+α-LA group.Additionally,H9c2 cells overexpressing aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2)were cre-ated and further divided into 6 groups:normal control group,normal cells treated with alcohol group,normal cells treated with alcohol+α-LA group,ALDH2 overexpression group,ALDH2-overexpressing cardiomyocytes treated with alcohol group,and ALDH2-overexpressing cardiomyocytes treated with alcohol+α-LA group.Cell proliferation was assessed using 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU)staining.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in each group were measured using di-hydroethidium(DHE)staining,while the expression levels of ALDH2,silent information regulator 1(SIRT1),heme oxy-genase 1(HO1)and P53 proteins were detected by Western blot analysis.RESULTS:(1)Alcohol exposure resulted in a decrease in the proliferation of H9c2 cells and an increase in intracellular oxidative stress,evidenced by elevated ROS levels and decreased expression of related proteins(ALDH2,SIRT1 and HO1).However,α-LA treatment significantly mitigated the decline in cell proliferation and the oxidative stress induced by alcohol.(2)Alcohol may induce cellular se-nescence,as demonstrated by the up-regulation of P53 expression,which were reversed by α-LA.(3)The H9c2 cells with high ALDH2 expression markedly improved the cell proliferation in the presence of alcohol,suppressed the ROS pro-duction,prevented the down-regulation of oxidative stress-related proteins(ALDH2,SIRT1 and HO1),and reversed the enhanced expression of the senescence marker P53.CONCLUSION:Treatment with α-LA may counteract oxidative stress and attenuate cellular senescence by activating ALDH2,thereby protecting cardiomyocytes from alcohol-induced damage.

F-FDG PET/CT is an ideal auxiliary tool for early and accurate diagnosis of malignant tumors in children.This guideline aimed to standardize 18F-FDG PET/CT examination process for malignant tumors in children,hence providing references for nuclear medicine professionals.

AIM:This study aims to investigate the protective effect of α-lipoic acid(α-LA)against alcohol-induced damage in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes and to explore the underlying mechanisms.METHODS:An alcohol-induced injury model of H9c2 cells was established,and the cells were divided into 4 groups:control group,alcohol group,α-LA group,and alcohol+α-LA group.Additionally,H9c2 cells overexpressing aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2)were cre-ated and further divided into 6 groups:normal control group,normal cells treated with alcohol group,normal cells treated with alcohol+α-LA group,ALDH2 overexpression group,ALDH2-overexpressing cardiomyocytes treated with alcohol group,and ALDH2-overexpressing cardiomyocytes treated with alcohol+α-LA group.Cell proliferation was assessed using 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU)staining.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in each group were measured using di-hydroethidium(DHE)staining,while the expression levels of ALDH2,silent information regulator 1(SIRT1),heme oxy-genase 1(HO1)and P53 proteins were detected by Western blot analysis.RESULTS:(1)Alcohol exposure resulted in a decrease in the proliferation of H9c2 cells and an increase in intracellular oxidative stress,evidenced by elevated ROS levels and decreased expression of related proteins(ALDH2,SIRT1 and HO1).However,α-LA treatment significantly mitigated the decline in cell proliferation and the oxidative stress induced by alcohol.(2)Alcohol may induce cellular se-nescence,as demonstrated by the up-regulation of P53 expression,which were reversed by α-LA.(3)The H9c2 cells with high ALDH2 expression markedly improved the cell proliferation in the presence of alcohol,suppressed the ROS pro-duction,prevented the down-regulation of oxidative stress-related proteins(ALDH2,SIRT1 and HO1),and reversed the enhanced expression of the senescence marker P53.CONCLUSION:Treatment with α-LA may counteract oxidative stress and attenuate cellular senescence by activating ALDH2,thereby protecting cardiomyocytes from alcohol-induced damage.

Objective To observe the application effect of magnetic resonance imaging technology in evaluating the brain structure and function of patients with type 2 diabetic painful neuropathy (PDN). Methods Forty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus hospitalized in our hospital were selected as the study objects, and were divided into diabetes mellitus (DM) group (n=12), peripheral neuropathy (DPN) group (n=14) and PDN group (n=14). General clinical biochemical indexes of three groups were analyzed. The structural brain and function of brain area in three groups were compared. Results Age, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), free fatty acid (FFA), albumin (ALB), creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), cystatin C (Cys-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) of the three groups were compared, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) and serum calcium (Ca) in the three groups showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). Compared with the DM group, the gray matter volume (GMV) in the DPN group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the DM group, amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) of left medial superiorfrontal gyrus in the PDN group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion Abnormal GMV in the left angular gyrus in DPN patients may be associated with a higher risk of concomitant cognitive impairment. The decrease of ALFF in the right cerebellar vermis and fALFF in the left medial superior frontal gyrus in PDN patients may be related to the pathogenesis of pain.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of shivering during anesthesia recovery in the patients with thoracolaparoscopic combined esophageal radical operation.Methods The related clinical da-ta in 298 patients with thoracolaparoscopic esophageal cancer radical operation in West China Hospital of Si-chuan University during 2019-2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into the shive-ring group (n=67) and non-shivering group (n=231) according to whether or not having shivering during the anesthetic recovery period.The univariate chi-square testing and binary logistic regression were used to an-alyze the independent risk factors for shivering occurrence.Results The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that the gender,age,intraoperative body temperature,anesthesia duration,intraoperative sufentanil dosage,postoperative pain score and intraoperative consumption of cisatracurium benzenesulfonate had statistical differences between the two groups (P<0.05).The multivariate logistic re-gression analysis results showed that the age≥60 years old (OR=3.124),intraoperative body temperature<36 ℃ (OR=2.994),anesthetic duration>6 h (OR=0.204),postoperative pain score≥5 points (OR=7.514),intraoperative cisatracurium benzenesulfonate dosage≥25 mg (OR=2.317),intraoperative remifentanil dosage≤45 μg (OR=5.466) were the independent risk factors for shivering occurrence during the anesthetic recovery period in the patients with thoracolaparoscopic combined esophageal radical operation (P<0.05).Conclusion There are several independent risk factors for shiver occurrence in the patients with thoracolaparoscopic combined e-sophageal cancer radical operation.

Objective:To explore the application effect of cardiac respiratory arrest scenario simulation exercise combined with four-step disk method in the teaching practice of standardized nurses in the department of anesthesiology, and to provide teaching plan and reference for the training of core competence of standardized nurses.Methods:A randomized controlled study was conducted to select 127 standardized trained nurses in rotation anesthesia and intoxication department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University from July 2020 to December 2023 by cluster sampling method. A total of 64 first-year standardized training nurses from three batches of rotation anesthesiology department from July 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the control group, and the conventional teaching method was applied to their teaching practice. A total of 63 first-year standardized training nurses from three batches of rotation anesthesiology department in 2022 and from July to December 2023 were selected as the observation group. On the basis of routine teaching, the cardio-respiratory arrest scenario simulation exercise combined with four-step review method was implemented to carry out teaching practice. One week before leaving the course, the theoretical test scores, skill operation scores (6 operations including anesthesia machine, intravenous induration needle infusion, open sputum aspiration, defibrillation apparatus, simple respiratory sac ventilation and single cardiopulmonary resuscitation), post competency scores and teaching satisfaction scores of the two groups of standardized training nurses were assessed and compared.Results:The control group included 11 males and 53 females, aged (23.25 ± 0.78) years. In the observation group, there were 12 males and 51 females, aged (23.29 ± 0.81) years. The average score of skill operation in the observation group was (93.54 ± 0.92) points, which was higher than that in the control group (91.02 ± 1.08) points, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-14.10, P<0.01). The total theoretical score of the observation group (81.32 ± 3.84) points was higher than that of the control group (61.86 ± 2.05) points, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-35.69, P<0.01). The scores of self-evaluation of post competence and other evaluation and teaching satisfaction of the observation group were (95.81 ± 2.69), (94.22 ± 2.57) and (96.81 ± 2.75) points, which were higher than those of the control group (88.47 ± 5.56), (91.64 ± 3.10) and (91.52 ± 3.50) points. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t=-9.49, -5.10, -9.47, all P<0.01). Conclusions:The application of heart-respiratory arrest scenario simulation and GRAI repetition method in the teaching practice of standardized nurses can improve the theoretical mastery level of standardized nurses and their operational performance, enhance their post competency, improve their teaching satisfaction, enhance their self-confidence and self-awakening ability, improve their learning enthusiasm, and their theoretical connection with practice level. To promote the improvement of teaching program and teaching quality, it is worth applying and popularizing in teaching practice.

Objective:To explore the application effect of cardiac respiratory arrest scenario simulation exercise combined with four-step disk method in the teaching practice of standardized nurses in the department of anesthesiology, and to provide teaching plan and reference for the training of core competence of standardized nurses.Methods:A randomized controlled study was conducted to select 127 standardized trained nurses in rotation anesthesia and intoxication department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University from July 2020 to December 2023 by cluster sampling method. A total of 64 first-year standardized training nurses from three batches of rotation anesthesiology department from July 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the control group, and the conventional teaching method was applied to their teaching practice. A total of 63 first-year standardized training nurses from three batches of rotation anesthesiology department in 2022 and from July to December 2023 were selected as the observation group. On the basis of routine teaching, the cardio-respiratory arrest scenario simulation exercise combined with four-step review method was implemented to carry out teaching practice. One week before leaving the course, the theoretical test scores, skill operation scores (6 operations including anesthesia machine, intravenous induration needle infusion, open sputum aspiration, defibrillation apparatus, simple respiratory sac ventilation and single cardiopulmonary resuscitation), post competency scores and teaching satisfaction scores of the two groups of standardized training nurses were assessed and compared.Results:The control group included 11 males and 53 females, aged (23.25 ± 0.78) years. In the observation group, there were 12 males and 51 females, aged (23.29 ± 0.81) years. The average score of skill operation in the observation group was (93.54 ± 0.92) points, which was higher than that in the control group (91.02 ± 1.08) points, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-14.10, P<0.01). The total theoretical score of the observation group (81.32 ± 3.84) points was higher than that of the control group (61.86 ± 2.05) points, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-35.69, P<0.01). The scores of self-evaluation of post competence and other evaluation and teaching satisfaction of the observation group were (95.81 ± 2.69), (94.22 ± 2.57) and (96.81 ± 2.75) points, which were higher than those of the control group (88.47 ± 5.56), (91.64 ± 3.10) and (91.52 ± 3.50) points. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t=-9.49, -5.10, -9.47, all P<0.01). Conclusions:The application of heart-respiratory arrest scenario simulation and GRAI repetition method in the teaching practice of standardized nurses can improve the theoretical mastery level of standardized nurses and their operational performance, enhance their post competency, improve their teaching satisfaction, enhance their self-confidence and self-awakening ability, improve their learning enthusiasm, and their theoretical connection with practice level. To promote the improvement of teaching program and teaching quality, it is worth applying and popularizing in teaching practice.

Objective : To explore the association of time in range(TIR) and glucose management indicator ( GMI) with the risk of type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN) ． Methods : The clinical data of 215 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were collected and analyzed．According to the results of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio( UACR) ，they were divided into 117 patients with T2DM and 98 patients with DN．The clinical data，biochemical indicators and continuous glucose monitoring ( CGM) indicators of the two groups were compared．Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of DN risk．The predictive value of TIR and GMI on the risk of DN was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: There were significant differences in age，duration of diabetes，systolic blood pressure，glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1c) ，fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ，2 hour postprandial plasma glucose (2hPG) ，creatinine( Cr) ，UACR, eGFR between the two groups(P＜0. 05) ．There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the CGM indexes of GMI，mean absolute difference of mean of daily differences ( MODD) ，glucose above target range time(TAR) and TIR(P＜0. 05) ．The results of logistic regression analysis showed that TIR was a protective factor of DN．In the ROC curve analysis of TIR prediction DN，the area under the ROC curve was 0. 718 (95% CI = 0. 648 ～0. 789，P＜0. 001) ，and the Yoden index was 0. 38．At this time，the sensitivity was 66. 7% ，and the specificity was 71. 3%．In the ROC curve analysis of GMI prediction DN，the area under the ROC curve was 0. 701 (95% CI = 0. 629 ～0. 774，P＜0. 001) ，and the Yoden index was 0. 368．At this time，the sensitivity was 63. 3% ， and the specificity was 73. 5%． Conclusion Specifically，lower TIR and higher GMI increase the risk of DN.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. The pro-viral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM1) is a proto-oncogene and belongs to the serine/threonine kinase family, which are involved in cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Small molecule HCI-48 is a derivative of chalcone, a class of compounds known to possess anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. However, the underlying mechanism of chalcones against colorectal cancer remains unclear. This study reports that HCI-48 mainly targets PIM1 and FGFR1 kinases, thereby eliciting antitumor effects on colorectal cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. HCI-48 inhibited the activity of both PIM1 and FGFR1 kinases in an ATP-dependent manner, as revealed by computational docking models. Cell-based assays showed that HCI-48 inhibited cell proliferation in CRC cells (HCT-15, DLD1, HCT-116 and SW620), and induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase through modulation of cyclin A2. HCI-48 also induced cellular apoptosis, as evidenced by an increase in the expression of apoptosis biomarkers such as cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 7. Moreover, HCI-48 attenuated the activation of downstream components of the PIM1 and FGFR1 signaling pathways. Using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) murine tumor models, we found that treatment with HCI-48 diminished the PDX tumor growth of implanted CRC tissue expressing high protein levels of PIM1 and FGFR1. This study suggests that the inhibitory effect of HCI-48 on colorectal tumor growth is mainly mediated through the dual-targeting of PIM1 and FGFR1 kinases. This work provides a theoretical basis for the future application of HCI-48 in the treatment of clinical CRC.