Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant solid tumor of the digestive system with extremely poor treatment prognosis. Although its incidence rate is low， its mortality rate is extremely high. In recent years， the number of diagnosed cases worldwide has continued to rise， making pancreatic cancer the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Currently， clinical treatment primarily relies on operation and chemotherapy to suppress tumors. However， these approaches face challenges such as suboptimal efficacy， high postoperative recurrence rates， and severe adverse reactions. Therefore， identifying safe and effective treatment modalities remains a pressing challenge for the medical community. In recent years， research on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） interventions for pancreatic cancer has increased significantly. Multiple studies have shown that single-herb TCM， TCM formulas， and their derived single compounds can regulate the levels of tumor cell signaling pathways through multiple action targets. They inhibit the development and progression of pancreatic cancer by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation， promoting cell apoptosis， inhibiting tumor angiogenesis， reducing cancer cell invasion and migration capabilities， regulating the cell cycle， and modulating the tumor microenvironment. Additionally， TCM has the advantages of significantly enhancing the anticancer efficacy of chemotherapy drugs and causing fewer adverse reactions. However， the specific action mechanisms by which TCM intervenes in pancreatic cancer remain unclear. Further extensive research is still needed to validate the role of regulating classical signaling pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， Wnt/β-catenin， nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB）， notch， and hedgehog in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Therefore， this paper reviewed Chinese and international studies on TCM intervention in pancreatic cancer through relevant signaling pathways in recent years， summarized the potential action mechanisms of TCM in the treatment of pancreatic cancer， and provided references for related research in the future.

Obesity， a global chronic disease， is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction， which is one of the contributing factors to obesity. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP） signaling pathway， a key regulator of lipid metabolism， plays a pivotal role in obesity development. Various of traditional Chinese medicine monomers， such as flavonoids， lignans， phenols， and terpenoids， as well as traditional Chinese medicine compound formulas like Xiaoyao powder， Shengmai powder， and Zexie decoction， can maintain energy homeostasis， balance adipose tissue function， regulate glucose metabolism， improve insulin resistance， and suppress inflammatory responses through cAMP signaling pathway regulation， thereby intervening in lipid metabolism for obesity treatment. Although a substantial amount of basic research has preliminarily elucidated the potential mechanisms by which traditional Chinese medicine intervenes in obesity through the cAMP signaling pathway， clinical translational research remains inadequate. There is an urgent need for large-sample， high-quality randomized controlled trials to validate these findings.

To analyze inpatient mortality cases in a tertiary general hospital in Beijing based on diagnosis-related groups (DRG), with the aim of providing references for healthcare quality management.

ObjectiveTo explore the medication patterns of Professor Zhang Farong in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） and the clinical efficacy of his core prescription. MethodsClinical case records of T2DM treated by Professor Zhang Farong were collected to establish a prescription database. Frequency statistics， visual analysis， and factor analysis were employed to investigate the characteristics and principle of the prescriptions， and a core prescription was derived. A randomized controlled trial was conducted， enrolling 60 T2DM patients with the dampness-heat syndrome. The patients were allocated into an observation group （core prescription + metformin） and a control group （metformin alone）， with both groups undergoing a 12-week treatment course. Changes in TCM symptom scores， glucose metabolism indicators ［fasting plasma glucose （FPG）， 2-hour postprandial blood glucose （2 hPG）， and glycated hemoglobin （HbA1c）］， pancreatic function indicators ［fasting C-peptide （FCP）， 2-hour postprandial C-peptide （2 hCP）， and area under the C-peptide curve （AUCcp）］， and lipid profiles were measured before and after treatment. The adverse reactions were observed and recorded. ResultsA core prescription named modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction was formulated， comprising Puerariae Lobatae Radix， Coptidis Rhizoma， Scutellariae Radix， Astragali Radix， Lycii Cortex， Mori Cortex， Jineijin Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli， Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata， Atractylodis Rhizoma， Polygonati Rhizoma， and Pogostemonis Herba. The clinical trial results showed that both groups had significantly decreased FPG， 2 hPG， and HbA1c （P0.05）， and the observation group outperformed the control group in recovering the level of HbA1c （P0.05）. After treatment， both groups had declined TCM symptoms scores （P0.05）， and the declines in the observation group were larger than those in the control group （P0.05）. After treatment， the TC and LDL-C levels declined in the observation group （P 0.05）， while the lipid levels showed a decreasing trend with no statistically significant difference in the control group. After treatment， both groups showed increases in FCP and AUCcp （P0.05）， and the 2 hCP in both groups presented a recovering trend with no statistically significant difference. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. ConclusionModified Gegen Qinlian Decoction embodies Professor Zhang Farong's academic philosophy of treating consumptive thirst by tonifying the spleen and kidney， replenishing Qi and Yin， clearing deficiency and heat， unblocking stasis in collaterals， and addressing both deficiency and stasis. The combination of the core prescription with metformin alleviates clinical symptoms in T2DM patients with the dampness-heat syndrome， demonstrating potential effects in restoring pancreatic islet function， regulating blood glucose， and improving lipid profiles. It serves as a therapeutic option for T2DM in the patients with the dampness-heat syndrome under syndrome differentiation， meriting broader clinical application.

Tumors exhibit abnormal glucose metabolism, consuming excessive glucose and excreting lactate, which constructs a tumor microenvironment that facilitates cancer progression and disrupts immunotherapeutic efficacy. Currently, tumor glucose metabolic dysregulation to reshape the immunosuppressive microenvironment and enhance immunotherapy efficacy is emerging as an innovative therapeutic strategy. However, glucose metabolism modulators lack specificity and still face significant challenges in overcoming tumor delivery barriers, microenvironmental complexity, and metabolic heterogeneity, resulting in poor clinical benefit. Nanomedicines, with their ability to selectively target tumors or immune cells, respond to the tumor microenvironment, co-deliver multiple drugs, and facilitate combinatorial therapies, hold significant promise for enhancing immunotherapy through tumor glucose metabolic reprogramming. This review explores the complex interactions between tumor glucose metabolism-specifically metabolite transport, glycolysis processes, and lactate-and the immune microenvironment. We summarize how nanomedicine-mediated reprogramming of tumor glucose metabolism can enhance immunotherapy efficacy and outline the prospects and challenges in this field.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have reported inconsistent results with positive,negative,and J-shaped associations between alcohol consumption and the hazard of aortic aneurysm and dissection(AAD).This study aimed to examine the connections between weekly alcohol consumption and the subsequent risk of AAD. METHODS:The UK Biobank study is a population-based cohort study.Weekly alcohol consumption was assessed using self-reported questionnaires and the congenital risk of alcohol consumption was also evaluated using genetic risk score(GRS).Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for the associations between alcohol consumption and AAD.Several sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the results. RESULTS:Among the 388,955 participants(mean age:57.1 years,47.4%male),2,895 incident AAD cases were documented during a median follow-up of 12.5 years.Compared with never-drinkers,moderate drinkers(adjusted HR:0.797,95%CI:0.646-0.984,P<0.05)and moderate-heavy drinkers(adjusted HR:0.794,95%CI:0.635-0.992,P<0.05)were significantly associated with a decreased risk of incident AAD.Interaction-based subgroup analysis revealed that the protective effect of moderate drinking was reflected mainly in participants younger than 65 years and women. CONCLUSION:Our findings support a protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on AAD,but are limited to participants younger than 65 years and women.

As the pace of society increases and lifestyles change， the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer continue to rise. Targeted therapies are now promising in the treatment of breast cancer， and a variety of protein targets have been identified to play an important role in the development of breast cancer. Among them， signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） proteins constitute a crucial group that serves as important targets for transducing cellular transcriptional information， which can regulate downstream cell proliferation， apoptosis， cell migration， invasion， angiogenic factors， etc. and then affect the progression of breast cancer. The STAT family is closely associated with the inflammatory response to tumors and plays a landmark role in tumor development as well as in diagnosis and prognosis. The "inflammation-cancer" transformation refers to the process in which the inflammatory microenvironment caused by uncontrolled inflammation promotes normal cells to become cancerous. According to the theory of Chinese medicine， "heat toxicity" in "cancer toxicity" corresponds to inflammation， which is closely related to tumor development. As a major link associated with the inflammatory response， the STAT family has a promising role in the development and treatment of a variety of tumors， but its relevance to breast cancer remains inadequately explored. Chinese medicine has been shown to have good efficacy in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer， and some current studies have shown that the active ingredients and compounds of Chinese medicine have certain intervention effects on breast cancer-related STAT proteins， but there has not been a systematic review. In order to better sort out and summarize the studies on the effects of Chinese herbal medicines based on the STAT family interventions in breast cancer， this paper reviewed the studies on Chinese herbal medicines acting on the STAT family in recent years， aiming to provide new ideas for clinical applications in breast cancer and to provide thoughts for the development of STAT protein-based drugs.

Circular RNA(circRNA)represents a unique class of closed-loop structured non-coding RNAs involved in various biological processes such as cell proliferation,differentiation,and apopto-sis.They play a significant role in the development of numerous diseases,and also serve as poten-tial biomarkers and therapeutic targets.To explore the impact of circRNA on viral replication,this study performed an omics measurement and analysis of circRNA differential expression in MC38 cells infected with HY12 enterovirus.It was found that,following HY12 virus infection,the ex-pressionlevels of 570 circRNAs were upregulated,while 381 circRNAs were downregulated.A-mong the upregulated circRNAs,the significantly upregulated circRNA mmu_circ_0001083 was selected for further investigation into its association with HY12 infection and its impact on viral replication.The results indicated that after HY12 virus infection,the expression of host circRNA mmu_circ_0001083 significantly increased,and its expression level was dependent on the virus dos-age and time.Compared to normal MC38 cells infected with the HY12 virus,cells with knocked down expression of circRNA mmu_circ_0001083 showed reduced expression of the 2C protein and significantly lower viral titers.Conversely,after HY12 virus infection in MC38 cells with overexpressed circRNA mmu_circ_0001083,there was an increase in the expression of the 2C pro-tein and a significant rise in viral titers.These results suggest that the upregulation of host cir-cRNA mmu_circ_0001083 is significantly positively correlated with the replication of HY12 virus,meaning mmu_circ_0001083 plays a positive regulatory role in the replication of HY12.This find-ing lays a foundation for future in-depth studies on the regulatory mechanisms of circRNA on viral replication.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have reported inconsistent results with positive,negative,and J-shaped associations between alcohol consumption and the hazard of aortic aneurysm and dissection(AAD).This study aimed to examine the connections between weekly alcohol consumption and the subsequent risk of AAD. METHODS:The UK Biobank study is a population-based cohort study.Weekly alcohol consumption was assessed using self-reported questionnaires and the congenital risk of alcohol consumption was also evaluated using genetic risk score(GRS).Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for the associations between alcohol consumption and AAD.Several sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the results. RESULTS:Among the 388,955 participants(mean age:57.1 years,47.4%male),2,895 incident AAD cases were documented during a median follow-up of 12.5 years.Compared with never-drinkers,moderate drinkers(adjusted HR:0.797,95%CI:0.646-0.984,P<0.05)and moderate-heavy drinkers(adjusted HR:0.794,95%CI:0.635-0.992,P<0.05)were significantly associated with a decreased risk of incident AAD.Interaction-based subgroup analysis revealed that the protective effect of moderate drinking was reflected mainly in participants younger than 65 years and women. CONCLUSION:Our findings support a protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on AAD,but are limited to participants younger than 65 years and women.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have reported inconsistent results with positive,negative,and J-shaped associations between alcohol consumption and the hazard of aortic aneurysm and dissection(AAD).This study aimed to examine the connections between weekly alcohol consumption and the subsequent risk of AAD. METHODS:The UK Biobank study is a population-based cohort study.Weekly alcohol consumption was assessed using self-reported questionnaires and the congenital risk of alcohol consumption was also evaluated using genetic risk score(GRS).Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for the associations between alcohol consumption and AAD.Several sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the results. RESULTS:Among the 388,955 participants(mean age:57.1 years,47.4%male),2,895 incident AAD cases were documented during a median follow-up of 12.5 years.Compared with never-drinkers,moderate drinkers(adjusted HR:0.797,95%CI:0.646-0.984,P<0.05)and moderate-heavy drinkers(adjusted HR:0.794,95%CI:0.635-0.992,P<0.05)were significantly associated with a decreased risk of incident AAD.Interaction-based subgroup analysis revealed that the protective effect of moderate drinking was reflected mainly in participants younger than 65 years and women. CONCLUSION:Our findings support a protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on AAD,but are limited to participants younger than 65 years and women.