ObjectiveTo study the effect of Wulingsan on cerebral edema after intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH） in mice and explore the treatment mechanism. MethodsThe mouse model of ICH was established by injection of collagenase into the caudate nucleus. Mice were randomly assigned into the following groups： sham， ICH， intervention before modeling with low-dose and high-dose （3.69， 11.07 g·kg^-1， respectively） Wulingsan， and intervention after modeling with high-dose Wulingsan. The modified neurological severity score （mNSS） was recorded， and the small animal MRI T2 sequential scanning was performed to measure the volume of cerebral hemorrhage after the modeling of ICH in each group. The Y-maze test， open field test， and Morris water maze test were conducted to evaluate the neurological behaviors of mice in each group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to observe the pathological changes in the brain tissue. Immunohistochemistry was employed to observe the expression of aquaporin 4 （AQP4）， neuronal nuclei （NeuN）， and glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） in the brain tissue. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of AQP4， Claudin-5， and zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1） in the hematoma area. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the ICH group showed increases in the mNSS， the cerebral hemorrhage volume， and the escape latency in the Morris water maze test （P<0.01）， decreases in the times of touching the platform and times of entering the quadrant where the platform was located in the Morris water maze test， and reductions in the spontaneous alternation rate in the Y-maze test and the ratio of distance of center travel to total travel distance in the open field test （P<0.01）. Moreover， pathological changes such as cell disarrangement， cell space enlargement， and cell swelling were observed in the ICH group. Immunohistochemistry results showed that the ICH group had higher proportions of AQP4- and GFAP-positive cells and lower proportion of NeuN-positive cells than the sham group （P<0.01）. Compared with the sham group， the ICH group showed an up-regulated protein level of AQP4 and down-regulated protein levels of Claudin-5 and ZO-1 （P<0.01）. Compared with the ICH group， the intervention with Wulingsan decreased the mNSS， the volume of cerebral hemorrhage， and the escape latency in the Morris water maze test （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while increasing the times of touching the platform and times of entering the quadrant where the platform was located in the Morris water maze test， the spontaneous alternation rate in the Y-maze test， and the ratio of distance of center travel to total travel distance in the open field test （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Furthermore， the intervention with Wulingsan alleviated the pathological changes in the brain tissue after ICH， decreased the proportion of AQP4- and GFAP-positive cells （P<0.01）， increased the proportion of NeuN-positive cells （P<0.01）， down-regulated the protein level of AQP4 （P<0.01）， and up-regulated the protein levels of Claudin-5 and ZO-1 （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe intervention with Wulingsan could reduce the neural function score and the cerebral hemorrhage volume， up-regulate the expression of Claudin-5 and ZO-1， and down-regulate the expression of AQP4 to ameliorate the neurological function defect and cerebral edema after ICH， thereby protecting the brain.

Abstract To analyzes the characteristics, problems and enlightenment of physical activity observation tools, so as to provide reference for researchers to quickly and accurately choose appropriate observation tools to evaluate children s and adolescents physical activity. Literature search is conducted in eight databases of Chinese and English, including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, ERIC, and SPORTDiscus. Ultimately, eight observation tools for assessing physical activity in children and adolescents are included. Through summarization and comparison, it is found that the applications of those tools cover multiple age groups, the observation indicators cover multiple dimensions for each with varying emphases, and the applicable contexts vary in their specific background information, and recording methods tend to be quantitative. However, several issues remain to be addressed in practical applications. First, the observation indicators need to be supplemented and improved; second, physical activity in community environments and academic classrooms requires further attention; third, physical activity intensity needs to be scientifically evaluated; fourth, observation and recording methods need to be integrated and innovated; fifth, the number of observation subjects needs to be expanded. Future research could focus on developing observation tools tailored to the characteristics of Chinese children and adolescents, while drawing on foreign observation tools to comprehensively assess physical activity among children and adolescents.

Objective To analyze the efficacy of CT-guided alcohol ablation of splanchnic nerve block(SNB)in the treatment of pain in patients with pancreatic cancer,and to discuss the related factors influencing the effectiveness in treating pancreatic cancer pain.Methods The clinical data of patients with pancreatic cancer pain,who was unable to receive surgery and underwent CT-guided SNB at Hai'an People's Hospital from June 2018 to September 2023,were retrospectively analyzed.According to postoperative one-month VAS pain score and the used dosage of opioids,the improvement of pain was assessed.Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the demographic characteristics,tumor features,and pain-related factors so as to determine the predictive factors for effective analgesia after SNB,and the survival outcomes were compared between the patients with effective SNB analgesia and the patients with ineffective SNB analgesia.Results A total of 133 patients were included in this analysis.One week after SNB,74.4％of patients achieved effective pain relief,and one month after the procedure,54.9％of patients experienced effective pain relief.One month after treatment,multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the diabetes(OR=0.637,95％CI=0.397-0.876,P=0.034),serum CA199(OR=1.531,95％CI=1.030-2.370,P=0.042),serum MMP-1(OR=0.703,95％CI=0.457-0.983,P=0.038),preoperative ECOG score(OR=2.693,95％CI=1.234-6.609,P=0.021),and preoperative daily morphine consumption(OR=2.797,95％CI=1.148-6.695,P=0.019)were the independent predictive factors for achieving a good analgesic efficacy after SNB.Patients with poor analgesic outcomes after SNB had a significantly lower median survival time when compared to patients with good analgesic outcomes(82 days vs 149 days,P＜0.05).No serious SNB-related adverse events occurred.Conclusion For the treatment of refractory pancreatic cancer pain,CT-guided SNB is clinically safe and effective.The diabetes,ECOG score,serum MMP-1 level,CA199 level,and preoperative daily used dosage of opioids are the independent predictive factors for the efficacy of CT-guided SNB in treating pancreatic cancer pain.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of hospitalized children with pertussis.Methods The clinical data of 87 hospitalized children with pertussis admitted to Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University from January 2019 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the age of the children,they were divided into group A(≤3 months of age,35 cases),group B(4-12 months of age,36 cases)and group C(>12 months of age,16 cases).The clinical features of children at different ages were compared.Results The majority of children with pertussis were<1 year old(81.61%),and August was the month of high incidence.Spastic cough(72.41%)was the main clinical manifestation.Other manifestations included redness or cyanosis,vomiting after coughing,crow echo,etc.There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of spastic cough,redness or cyanosis and the contact history of patients with chronic cough among three groups(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the incidence of pneumonia and the average length of hospital stay among three groups(P<0.05).There was significant difference in C-reactive protein level among three groups(P<0.05).Among 87 children with pertussis,37 cases(42.53%)were infected with other pathogens,among which virus infection was the most common.The treatment is effective with macrolides and compound sulfamethoxazole.Conclusion Pertussis is more common in infants under 1 year of age,and the incidence is high in August.Chronic cough patients with close contact may be the source of infection.Spastic cough is the main clinical symptom of children;the younger,the more common symptoms such as spastic cough,redness and cyanosis,the higher incidence of pneumonia and the longer hospital stay.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Zexie Decoction （泽泻汤） in inhibiting neuroinflammation and improving cognitive impairment mediated by high-calorie diet. MethodsTwenty seven C57BL/J mice were randomly divided into control group （n = 9）， model group （n = 9） and Zexie Decoction group （n = 9）. The mice in the model group and the Zexie Decoction group were fed with high-calorie diet to establish the model of cognitive impairment. Meanwhile， the mice in Zexie Decoction group were also fed with 0.36 g/（kg·d）Zexie Decoction， and the mice in the control group and model group were fed with the same volume of normal saline for 8 weeks. The body weight of mice was recorded at the same time every week； after intervention， oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） and insulin tolerance test（ITT） commenced； the cognitive level of mice was detected by Morris water maze， open field test， new object recognition test and Y maze； magnetic resonance spectroscopy （MRS） was used to detect the expression of N-acetylaspartate （NAA）， choline （CHO）， lactic acid （Lac）， creatine （Cr）， lipid （Lip）， and myoInositol （mI） in left hippocampus， hypothalamus and cortex. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of synaptophysin （SYN）， synaptosome associated protein-25 （SNAP-25）， postsynaptic dense protein-95 （PSD-95）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB p65） and its phosphorylated form （P-NF-B p65） in mouse brain； Nissl's staining was used to detect the morphological changes of hippocampal neurons. ResultsCompared with the control group， body mass， blood glucose in oral glucose tolerance test， and blood glucose in insulin tolerance test increased in the model group； in the Morris water maze experiment， the total distance travelled and escape latency of the model group mice increased， the time spent in the platform area and the number of times traversing the platform decreased on days 3 and 4； in the open-field experiment， the number of times the model group mice entered the central area， the ratio of the time in the central area to the total time， and the ratio of the distance travelled in the central area to the total distance significantly decreased； in the new object recognition test， the frequency of new object recognition and recognition index were significantly lower in the model group mice； in the Y-maze test， the spontaneous alternation rate of mice in the model group was significantly lower （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； in the left hippocampus， hypothalamus， and cortex of mice in the model group， the CHO/Cr， NAA/Cr significantly decreased， and the mI/Cr， Lac/Cr and Lip/Cr significantly increased； SYN/β-actin， SNAP-25/β-actin and PSD-95/β-actin values significantly decreased， and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 and TNF-α/β-actin values significantly increased in brain tissue （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the above indexes of mice in the Zexie Decoction group significantly improved （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The results of Nissl staining showed that compared with the control group， the neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the model group were scattered and sparsely arranged， the density was significantly reduced， the nuclei of the cells had consolidation and shrinkage， the number of Nissl vesicles was reduced， and the staining became lighter； compared with the model group， the density of neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus region of the Zexie Decoction group increased， the wrinkling of nuclei improved， the cell gap narrowed， and the arrangement was slightly tight. Concusion The ameliorative effect of Zexie Decoction on cognitive function in mice with high-calorie diet-induced cognitive impairment may relate to the restructuring of glucose metabolism homeostasis， inhibition of neuroinflammation， reduction of neuronal damage， and enhancement of synaptic plasticity.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the monitoring of tacrolimus blood concentration in patients with nephrotic syndrome （NS），and to establish a prediction model for tacrolimus blood concentration. METHODS Data from 509 concentration monitoring sessions of 166 NS patients using tacrolimus were collected from January 1， 2020 to August 31， 2023 in Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University. The relationship of efficacy and adverse drug reaction（ADR） with blood concentration was analyzed. A multilayer perceptron （MLP） prediction model was established by using the blood concentration monitoring data of 302 times from 109 NS patients with genetic information， and then verified. RESULTS In terms of efficacy， the median blood concentration of tacrolimus in the non-remission group was 2.20 ng/mL， which was significantly lower than that in the partial remission group （4.00 ng/mL， P＜0.001） and the complete remission group （3.60 ng/mL， P＝0.002）. In terms of ADR， the median blood concentration of tacrolimus in the ADR group was 5.01 ng/mL， which was significantly higher than that in the non-ADR group （3.37 ng/mL） （P＝0.001）. According to the subgroup analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve， when the blood concentration of tacrolimus was ≥6.65 ng/mL， patients were more likely to develop elevated blood creatinine [area under the curve （AUC） was 0.764， P＜0.001）； when the blood concentration of tacrolimus was ≥6.55 ng/mL， patients were more likely to develop blood glucose （AUC＝0.615， P＝ 0.005）. The established MLP prediction model has a loss function of 0.9， with an average absolute error of 0.279 5 ng/mL between the predicted and measured values. The determination coefficient of the validation scatter plot was 0.984， indicating an excellent predictive performance of the model. CONCLUSION Tacrolimus blood concentration has an impact on both efficacy and ADR in NS patients. The use of the MLP model for predicting blood concentration exhibits high accuracy with minimal error between predicted and measured values. The model can be used as an important tool in clinical individualized medication regimens.

Objective To observe the safety and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided femoral nerve combined with femoral artery block to reduce tourniquet reaction in patients undergoing knee arthroplasty.Methods 100 patients(18～75 years old,body mass index 18～30 kg/m2)who were classified as grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ according to ASA standard and received unilateral total knee arthroplasty.The patients were randomly divided into two groups,the ultrasound-guided femoral nerve combined with femoral artery block with general anesthesia was utilized in group NA with 50 cases,and femoral nerve block alone with general anesthesia was used in group N with 50 cases.The target nerve block was guided by ultrasound before induction of anesthesia in both two groups,and anesthesia induction was performed after the block effect was etermined.Patients in two groups underwent surgery under general anesthesia of the laryngeal mask,and all patients under went self-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA).If a patient had a visual analogue score(VAS)score>5 after surgery,flurbiprofenate 50 mg will be given intravenously as a remedy for anal-gesia.The patients'SBP,DBP and HR were recorded before anesthesia(T1),1 min before tourniquet inflation(T2),15 min after tourniquet inflation(T3),30 min(T4),45 min(T5),and 60 min(T6),the number of cases of tourniquet hypertension occurring in patients intraoperatively and the amount of nicardipine and esmolol were recorded,and the movement and static VAS scores at 2,6,12,and 24 h after surgery were recorded.the postoperative rescue analgesic requirements and the time of getting out of bed were recorded.The incidence of adverse reactions such as nausea,vomiting,deliriumand infection were also recorded.Results Compared with group N,SBP,DBP and HR were significantly lower in group NA at 45 and 60 min after tourniquet inflation,and the incidence of tourniquet hypertension and the amount of nicardipine and esmolol were also significantly lower(P<0.05),and the time of getting out of bed was advanced(P<0.05);the movement and static VAS scores,the time of the first remedial analgesia,and number of times of remedial analgesia,as well as the occurrence of nausea,vomiting,delirium and infection were not statistically significant.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided femoral nerve combined with femoral artery block can be safely and effectively used to reduce the reaction of tourniquet in patients with knee arthroplasty,and can shorten the time of getting out of bed after surgery,contributing to promoting postoperative rehabilitation.

Objective To explore the medication law of Professor Ding Ying in the treatment of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura;To analyze Professor Ding Ying's academic thought and clinical experience in the treatment of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura.Methods Professor Ding Ying's prescriptions for the treatment of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura in The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from January 2013 to January 2020 were selected.Through the analysis of the Integrated Platform for Inheriting Famous Doctors,drug-drug and drug-symptom networks were constructed,and in-depth analysis of its core drug groups and their associated patterns was conducted.Results Totally 195 cases were included in the study,involving 585 times of diagnosis and 585 prescriptions.153 kinds of Chinese materia medica were involved in the prescriptions,with a total frequency of 8 017 times.The medicinal properties were mainly cold,warm and neutral,the medicinal taste was mainly bitter,and the meridians are mainly liver meridian and heart meridian.The analysis of drug weight grade showed that Rehmanniae Radix,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Forsythiae Fructus,Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis,Moutan Cortex,Arnebiae Radix,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Kochia Fructus,Piperis Kadsurae Caulis,Trachelospermi Caulis et Folium,Cynanchi Paniculati Radix et Rhizoma,Tripterygium wilfordii,Coicis Semen,Scutellariae Radix,Bubali Cornu,Amomi Fructus,Paeoniae Radix Alba,Spirodelae Herba and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were the core prescriptions for the treatment of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura.Drug-drug co-occurrence analysis showed that Rehmanniae Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Rehmanniae Radix-Moutan Cortex,Forsythiae Fructus-Moutan Cortex,Kochia Fructus-Lonicera Japonicae Caulis,Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Lonicera Japonicae Caulis,Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis-Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Kochia Fructus-Forsythiae Fructus,Moutan Cortex-Arnebiae Radix,Angelicae Sinensis Radix-Moutan Cortex,Rehmanniae Radix-Forsythiae Fructus,Forsythiae Fructus,Rehmanniae Radix-Lonicera Japonicae Caulis were commonly used in the treatment of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura.Clustering analysis showed 10 potential drug groups.Conclusion Professor Ding Ying emphasizes the combination of disease,syndrome,and symptoms in the treatment of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura,as well as the application of couplet medicines.Clinical treatment follows the concept of"dispelling pathogens and calming the collaterals",making good use of heat clearing and detoxifying drugs,heat clearing and wind dispelling drugs,and heat clearing and dampness dispelling drugs to"dispel pathogens",and making good use of blood activating and cooling drugs,as well as blood nourishing and unblocking drugs to"calm the collaterals".

Objective To investigate the effects of high-calorie diet and age on brain function of ApoE-/-mice.Methods A total of 20 adult ApoE mice(8 months old)and elderly ApoE-/-mice(18 months old)were randomly divided into normal diet adult group,normal diet elderly group,high-calorie diet adult group,and high-calorie diet elderly group,with 5 animals in each group.The mice were fed with corresponding standard diet and high-fat diet for 8 weeks.Their body mass was monitored,and blood glucose was detected with glucose tolerance test.The relative contents of NAA and Cho in the hippocampus and hypothalamus were detected by Magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Y-Maze and open field tests were performed to detect cognitive function,and West-ern blotting was applied to detect the expression of synaptic associated protein 25(SNAP-25),synaptophysin,postsynaptic dense protein-95(PSD-95),iNOS and IL-1β.Results Compared with the normal diet adult group,the NAA content in the hippocampus,Cho and NAA contents in the hypothalamus,spontaneous alternation rate,and expression levels of SNAP-25,synaptophysin and PSD-95 in brain tissue(P＜0.05,P＜0.01)were decreased,and the expression of iNOS and IL-1β(P＜0.01)was increased in the high-calorie diet adult group.The normal diet elderly group had reduced contents of NAA in the hippocampus and Cho in the hypothalamus,and expression levels of SNAP-25,synaptophysin and PSD-95(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and elevated expression of iNOS and IL-1β(P＜0.01)when compared with the normal diet adult group.Compared with the normal diet elderly group,high-calorie diet resulted in decreased Cho and NAA in both hippocampus and hy-pothalamus,central distance/total distance and down-regulation of SNAP-25,synaptophysin and PSD-95(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and enhanced expression of iNOS and IL-1β(P＜0.01)in the elderly mice.Compared with the high-calorie diet adult group,the high-calorie diet elderly group had reduced NAA in hippocampus,central distance/total distance and average speed,and decreased expression of synaptophysin(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and increased expression of iNOS and IL-1β(1.61±0.10 vs 1.35±0.13,2.04±0.08 vs 1.54±0.11,P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion High-calorie diet results in metabolic disorders and neuroinflammation,inhibits the expression of syn-aptic proteins,and thus leads to cognitive dysfunction in ApoE mice.Long-term high-calorie diet and ageing promote the decline of brain function in ApoE mice.

Objective:This study aimed to explore the clinical value of myostatin(MST) and follistatin(FST) as biological biomarkers in evaluating sarcopenia in elderly women.Methods:This was a retrospective cross-sectional study that enrolled 350 females aged 20-89 years who underwent physical examinations in Shanghai Huadong Hospital in 2021. Demographic characteristics, muscle mass, fat mass, bone mineral density, hand grip strength, gait speed, and serum indices of MST and FST were collected.Results:The serum levels of MST did not change significantly with age. However, the serum levels of FST increased with age. In women aged≥60 years, MST was positively correlated with total lean mass and appendicular skeletal muscle index(ASMI; r=0.236, P=0.041; r=0.289, P=0.014), while FST was negatively correlated with ASMI( r=-0.265, P=0.030). In multivariate stepwise regression analysis, after adjusting for age, body mass index, hip bone mineral density, and total fat mass, only FST was independently correlated with ASMI( β=-0.238, P=0.006), while MST was not correlated with ASMI. The receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted using muscle mass reduction as the state variable and serum FST level as the test variable. The area under the curve was 0.753. And when the FST cutoff value was 17.49 ng/mL, the maximum Jordan index was 0.46, with a sensitivity of 77.3% and a specificity of 68.7%. Women aged ≥60 years were divided into three groups based on serum FST levels. Compared to the upper third of the serum FST level group, the low third of the FST level group had a significantly reduced risk of suffering from sarcopenia( OR=0.098, P =0.036). Conclusions:Serum FST lever has a better correlation with muscle mass among elderly women, making it a promising biomarker for evaluating muscle mass.