ObjectiveTo analyze the adverse reactions associated with the clinical use of Banxia （Rhizoma Pinelliae）- Wutou （Aconitum） in the same formula， with the aim of providing a reference for the safety of their clinical application. MethodsLiterature on the clinical application of antagonistic herbs "Banxia-Wutou" used in the same formula， published from January 1st， 2014， to June 30th， 2023， was retrieved from databases including CNKI， VIP， Wanfang， SinoMed， PubMed， Cochrane Library， and Embase. A database was established， and information related to adverse reactions was extracted， including descriptions， classifications， specific manifestations， management and outcomes， patients' primary diseases （western medicine diseases and traditional Chinese medicine diagnoses and syndromes）， and medication information （dosage， ratio， administration routes， and dosage forms）. ResultsA total of 79 researches simultaneously used antagonistic herbs Banxia-Wutou in the same formula and reported associated advers reactions. Gastrointestinal adverse reactions were the most common， with 8 studies reporting management of adverse reactions and 3 studies reporting improvement with no intervention. Among the 11 researches， the adverse reaction relieved to extant， while other 69 researches didn't report the managment of adverse reaction and its prognosis. For the primary disease in western medicine system， chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） were most common， while gastric pain was the most common symptom in traditional Chinese medicine with spleen and kidney deficiency and spleen stomach cold deficiency being the most frequent syndromes. The most common Banxia dosage was 10 g， while for the Wutou， Fuzi （Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata） was predominant with the highest dose at 15 g. The most frequent herbal combination was Banxia-fuzi， with a 1∶1 ratio. The main administration route was oral， and the primary dosage form was decoction. ConclusionGastrointestinal adverse reactions are the most common in the clinical use of Banxia-Wutou antagonistic herb combinations. Research on the safety of "Banxia-Wutou" combinations should focus on respiratory system diseases and spleen-stomach related conditions.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at "Sishencong" (EX-HN1) and "Fengchi" (GB20) on hippocampal neuronal ferritinophagy mediated by the nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)/ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) signaling pathway in vascular dementia (VD) rats, and to explore the potential mechanisms of electroacupuncture for VD. METHODS: A total of 60 male rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into a blank group (12 rats), a sham surgery group (12 rats) and a modeling group (36 rats). In the modeling group, the modified 4-vessel occlusion method was used to establish the VD model. The 24 successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into a model group and an electroacupuncture group, with 12 rats in each group. In the electroacupuncture group, electroacupuncture was applied at left and right "Sishencong" (EX-HN1), and bilateral "Fengchi" (GB20), with continuous wave, in frequency of 2 Hz and current intensity of 1 mA, 30 min a time, once daily for 21 consecutive days. The learning and memory abilities were assessed using the Morris water maze test before modeling, after modeling and after intervention, as well as the novel object recognition test after intervention. After intervention, the neuronal morphology in the hippocampus was observed by Nissl staining; the iron deposition was observed by Prussian blue staining; the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected by dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence staining; the levels of iron, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the hippocampal tissue were measured by the colorimetric assay, TBA method, and WST-1 method, respectively; the positive expression of NCOA4, FTH1 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) was detected by immunohistochemistry; the protein expression of NCOA4, FTH1, GPX4, and the ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) Ⅱ/Ⅰ in the hippocampus were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the sham surgery group, in the model group, the escape latency was prolonged, and the number of platform crossings reduced (P<0.01), the recognition index (RI) was decreased (P<0.01); the hippocampal neurons displayed a blurred laminar structure, disorganized cellular arrangement, and the number of Nissl bodies was decreased (P<0.01); the percentage of iron deposition area in the hippocampus was increased (P<0.01); in the hippocampus, the levels of ROS, iron, MDA, and the protein expression of NCOA4, as well as the LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio were increased (P<0.01), the SOD level, and the protein expression of FTH1 and GPX4 were decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, in the electroacupuncture group, the escape latency was shortened and the number of platform crossings was increased (P<0.01), the RI was increased (P<0.01); the hippocampal neurons exhibited more regular morphology, better-organized cellular structure, and the number of Nissl bodies was increased (P<0.05); the percentage of iron deposition area in the hippocampus reduced (P<0.01); in the hippocampus, the levels of ROS, iron, MDA, and the protein expression of NCOA4, as well as the LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), the SOD level, and the protein expression of FTH1 and GPX4 were increased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Electroacupuncture at "Sishencong" (EX-HN1) and "Fengchi" (GB20) can improve learning and memory abilities in VD rats, and its mechanism may be associated with the regulation of the hippocampal NCOA4/FTH1 signaling pathway, inhibition of ferritinophagy, and alleviation of oxidative stress damage.
Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Dementia, Vascular/genetics* ; Male ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Humans ; Memory ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivators/genetics* ; Ferritins/genetics* ; Learning ; Hippocampus/metabolism* ; Acupuncture Points

To explore the role of the "Clinical Practice Guidelines" column and others in the Medical Joumnal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Med J PUMCH) in promoting diseiplinary development.

Objective: To investigate the incidence trend and epidemic characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Nanjing City from 2004 to 2022, so as to provide the basis for improving the prevention, control, and monitoring strategies of infectious diseases. Methods: Data pertaining to notifiable infectious diseases reported in Nanjing City from 2004 to 2022 were retrieved from the Infectious Disease Surveillance System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Infectious diseases were classified by law and transmission routes. Temporal distribution incidence of notifiable infectious diseases were descriptively analyzed. The trends in incidence of notifiable disease were analyzed using annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: A total of 33 types of notifiable infectious diseases with 505 275 cases were reported in Nanjing City from 2004 to 2022. The average annual reported incidence was 347.45/105, showing a decreasing trend from 2018 to 2022 (APC=-13.499%, P<0.05), and there was no significant trend overall (AAPC=-1.586%, P>0.05). A total of 203 235 cases of 25 types of class A and B notifiable infectious diseases were reported, with an average annual reported incidence of 139.75/100 000, showing an overall decreasing trend (AAPC=-4.954%, P<0.05). Eight types of class C notifiable infectious diseases with 302 042 cases were reported, with an average annual reported incidence of 207.69/100 000. The reported incidence showed an increasing trend from 2004 to 2018 (APC=10.117%, P<0.05), and a decreasing trend from 2018 to 2022 (APC=-27.467%, P<0.05). There was no trend overall (AAPC=-0.360%, P>0.05). The reported incidence of blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases was the highest in class A and B infectious diseases, with an average annual reported incidence of 69.88/100 000, which was at a high epidemic level throughout the year, except February. The reported incidence of respiratory infectious diseases was 51.30/100 000, with a high reported incidence in April and December. The reported incidence of intestinal infectious diseases was the highest (178.06/100 000) in class C infectious diseases, with a high reported incidence in June and November. Conclusions The reported incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in Nanjing City was generally stable from 2004 to 2022. The peak incidence of respiratory infectious diseases occurred in winter and spring, and that of intestinal infectious diseases was in summer and autumn. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance and intervention of blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases, respiratory infectious diseases, and intestinal infectious diseases to reduce the risk of infectious diseases.

Objective: To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of co-administration with bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and hepatitis E virus (HEV) vaccine, so as to provide reference for optimizing the vaccination schedule. Methods: Females aged 18 to 25 years were recruited from September to October 2021 in Hengdian College of Film & Television in Zhejiang Province and randomly divided into the HPV+HEV group, the HPV group, and the HEV group. The vaccination procedures were one dose each at 0, 1, and 6 months. Immunogenicity was evaluated by detecting the geometric mean titers (GMT) of HPV16 IgG, HPV18 IgG, and/or HEV IgG antibodies before the first vaccination and one month after the full course of immunization, and comparing the difference in seroconversion, and the GMT ratio. The non-inferiority margin was set at a seroconversion difference of ≤5%, and the lower limit of the 95%CI of the GMT ratio was >0.5. Safety was evaluated by collecting conjunctive local reactions/events and systemic reactions/events within 7 days after each dose, non-conjunctive adverse events within 30 days after each dose, and serious adverse events throughout the observation period (0 to 7 months). Results: A total of 240 females were included, among whom 236 completed the full vaccination program, including 79 in the HPV+HEV group, 77 in the HPV group, and 80 in the HEV group. One month after the full course of immunization, the seroconversion rates of HPV16 IgG and HPV18 IgG antibodies in both the HPV+HEV group and the HPV group were 100%, and the differences in seroconversion rates were 0 (95%CI: -3.39%-+∞). The seroconversion rates of HEV IgG antibodies in both the HPV+HEV group and the HEV group were 100%, and the difference in seroconversion rates was 0 (95%CI: -3.27%-+∞). The GMT of HPV16 IgG and HPV18 IgG antibodies in the HPV+HEV group was 393.88 and 284.86 IU/mL respectively, which was not inferior to 489.39 and 341.24 IU/mL in the HPV group, and the GMT ratios were 0.80 (95%CI: 0.66-+∞) and 0.83 (95%CI: 0.68-+∞), respectively. The GMT of HEV IgG in the HPV+HEV group was 13.55 U/mL, which was not inferior to 12.72 U/mL in the HEV group, and the GMT ratio was 1.07 (95%CI: 0.92-+∞). The incidences of pain, pruritus, and induration in the HPV+HEV group were 54.43%, 21.52% and 40.51% respectively, which were significantly higher than 10.39%, 0, and 0 in the HPV group (all P<0.05). The incidences of redness/swelling, muscle pain/general weakness in the HPV+HEV group were 2.53% and 0, respectively, which were significantly lower than 12.50% and 16.25% in the HEV group (both P<0.05). Conclusion The co-administration of the bivalent HPV vaccine and HEV vaccine is not inferior to individual vaccination in terms of immunogenicity and safety, and the vaccination plan can be optimized through co-administration.

Peganum harmala L. (P. harmala) is a significant economic and medicinal plant. The seeds of P. harmala have been extensively utilized in traditional Chinese medicine, Uighur medicine, and Mongolian medicine, as documented in the Drug Standard of the Ministry of Health of China. Twelve novel tryptamine-derived alkaloids (1-12) and eight known compounds (13-20) were isolated from P. harmala seeds. Compounds 1 and 2 represent the first reported instances of tryptamine-derived heteromers, comprising tryptamine and aniline fragments with previously undocumented C-3-N-1' linkage and C-3-C-4' connection, respectively. Compounds 3-5 were identified as indole-quinazoline heteromers, exhibiting a novel C-3 and NH-1' linkage between indole and quinazoline-derived fragments. Compound 6 demonstrates the dimerization pattern of C-C linked tryptamine-quinazoline dimer. Compound 8 represents a tryptamine-derived heterodimer with a distinctive carbon skeleton, featuring an unusual spiro-tricyclic ring (7) and conventional bicyclic tryptamine. Compounds 9-11 constitute novel 6/5/5/5 spiro-tetracyclic tryptamine-derived alkaloids presenting a unique ring system of tryptamine-spiro-pyrrolizine. Compounds 1-3 and 6-11 were identified as racemates. Compounds 2, 7, 9, 10, and 12 were confirmed via X-ray crystallographic analysis. All isolated compounds (1-20) exhibited varying degrees of antiviral efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Notably, the anti-RSV activity of compound 12 (IC₅₀ 5.01 ± 0.14 μmol·L^-1) surpassed that of the positive control (ribavirin, IC₅₀ 6.23 ± 0.95 μmol·L^-1), as validated through plaque reduction and immunofluorescence assays. The identification of anti-RSV compounds from P. harmala seeds may enhance the development and application of this plant in antiviral therapeutic products.
Antiviral Agents/isolation & purification* ; Tryptamines/isolation & purification* ; Peganum/chemistry* ; Seeds/chemistry* ; Alkaloids/isolation & purification* ; Molecular Structure ; Humans ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/drug effects* ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology*

As a malignant hematological disease mainly originating from T or B lymphoid progenitor cell, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is more prevalent in children. With the gradual revelation of the autophagy mechanism, the role of autophagy in ALL has gained increasing attention. Autophagy can not only stimulate the survival of leukemia cells as an adaptive response, but also inhibit cell proliferation in some other cases. Therefore, how to regulate autophagy in promoting death or survival and reduce the drug resistance in ALL has become a hotspot. This article reviews the role of autophagy in ALL.

Objective:To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of the pathogen of bloodstream infections in patients with malignancies in Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. A total of 8 654 patients with malignancies whose blood culture was detected in Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital between January 2019 and December 2021 were collected, and venous blood was drawn for blood culture. WHONET 5.6 software and SPSS 23.0 software were used to analyze the distribution and drug resistance of the pathogen of bloodstream infections.Results:A total of 600 (6.9%) pathogens were isolated, including 413 (68.8%) strains of Gram-negative bacteria, 168 (28.0%) strains of Gram-positive bacteria, 19 (3.2%) strains of fungi. The top 5 gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli (37.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.2%), Enterobacter cloacae (4.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.0%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (2.5%). The top 5 gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (4.2%), Enterococcus faecium (4.0%), Staphylococcus hominis (3.8%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (3.5%) and Streptococcus (3.0%); except Klebsiella pneumoniae, there were no statistically significant differences in the composition ratio of other major pathogens from 2019 to 2021 (all P > 0.05). The resistance rates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae to ampicillin were 94.7% (214/226), 100.0% (85/85) and 96.3% (26/27); the resistance rates of those to ciprofloxacin were 61.9% (140/226), 17.6% (15/85) and 7.4% (2/27); and the resistance rates of those to cefoperazone were 62.4% (141/226), 30.6% (26/85) and 25.9% (7/27), respectively. The resistance rates of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenems were 5.5% (1/18) and 93.3% (14/15). Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus epidermidis were predominantly Staphylococcus. Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis were the main types of enterococcus. Positive blood culture samples were mainly distributed in hematology department and intensive care unit. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (39 strains) and acute myeloid leukemia (12 strains) were the main diseases. Conclusions:The main pathogen of bloodstream infection in patients with malignancies in this area is Gram-negative bacteria, and drug resistance is common. Hospitals should rationally use antibiotics by combining with drug sensitivity test.

Objective To observe the effect and prognosis of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(rhG-CSF)in end-stage liver disease(ESLD)with sepsis.Methods Ninety patients with ESLD complicated with sepsis from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected and randomly divided into rhG-CSF group,thymosin group and control group,with 30 cases each.Compare the liver function,cytokine levels,treatment efficacy,complications,and ESLD model(MELD)scoring system before and after treatment among three groups.Results The total effective rate of rhG-CSF group was 96.67％,which was significantly higher than the other two groups,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).After treatment,the liver function,cytokine levels,and immune function recovery of the rhG-CSF group and thymosin group were better than that of control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).After 12 weeks of treatment and follow-up,the least complications and the lowest mortality rate in the rhG-CSF group.Conclusion The clinical efficacy of rhG-CSF as an adjuvant therapy for ESLD complicated with sepsis is excellent,which can enhance anti-infection ability and improve prognosis.