Sepsis is a common critical illness in the pediatric intensive care unit，with a high prevalence and mortality rate，and is characterized by acute onset，rapid progression，and poor prognosis，which poses a significant challenge for the pediatric intensive care unit.Bile acids play an important role in the occurrence and development of sepsis，and are involved in the regulation of inflammation，immune function and other pathophysiological processes.Alterations in bile acids in early sepsis are associated with disease progression and prognosis.Therefore，further research on the role of bile acids in sepsis can provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of sepsis，and help to improve the early identification and prognosis of sepsis.This article reviewed the role of bile acids in pediatric sepsis.

The concept of amplification feedback pathways represents an intersection between electronics and control theory,involving both amplification and feedback processes.It reveals the dynamic evolution mechanisms of systems under the combined influence of these two processes.In Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),Chest Bi syndrome is considered a"ben xu biao shi"condition,with its primary pathology located in the heart and closely related to other organs such as the liver,spleen and kidneys.This article focuses on the interrelationship between organ dysfunction and the imbalance of the Five Elements Theory.By applying amplification feedback theory and models,the study constructs and analyzes single-stage amplification feedback pathways involving the heart,liver and kidneys,as well as double-stage amplification feedback pathways involving the heart,liver,kidneys and spleen,in the context of multifactorial interactions such as heart and kidney Yang deficiency,Qi stagnation in the heart and chest,and spleen-stomach dysfunction.Particular emphasis is placed on analyzing the phenomena of deep feedback and self-excited oscillation,and specific formulas and clinical evidence are used to validate the analysis results,clarifying the role of relevant organ function changes in the pathogenesis of Chest Bi syndrome.The article aims to provide new insights into the complex pathogenesis of refractory diseases from a control theory perspective,offering new directions for modernizing TCM research with digital technology and theoretical support for future simulation-based digital systems guided by TCM theory.

Sepsis is a common critical illness in the pediatric intensive care unit，with a high prevalence and mortality rate，and is characterized by acute onset，rapid progression，and poor prognosis，which poses a significant challenge for the pediatric intensive care unit.Bile acids play an important role in the occurrence and development of sepsis，and are involved in the regulation of inflammation，immune function and other pathophysiological processes.Alterations in bile acids in early sepsis are associated with disease progression and prognosis.Therefore，further research on the role of bile acids in sepsis can provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of sepsis，and help to improve the early identification and prognosis of sepsis.This article reviewed the role of bile acids in pediatric sepsis.

Objective: To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of co-administration with bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and hepatitis E virus (HEV) vaccine, so as to provide reference for optimizing the vaccination schedule. Methods: Females aged 18 to 25 years were recruited from September to October 2021 in Hengdian College of Film & Television in Zhejiang Province and randomly divided into the HPV+HEV group, the HPV group, and the HEV group. The vaccination procedures were one dose each at 0, 1, and 6 months. Immunogenicity was evaluated by detecting the geometric mean titers (GMT) of HPV16 IgG, HPV18 IgG, and/or HEV IgG antibodies before the first vaccination and one month after the full course of immunization, and comparing the difference in seroconversion, and the GMT ratio. The non-inferiority margin was set at a seroconversion difference of ≤5%, and the lower limit of the 95%CI of the GMT ratio was >0.5. Safety was evaluated by collecting conjunctive local reactions/events and systemic reactions/events within 7 days after each dose, non-conjunctive adverse events within 30 days after each dose, and serious adverse events throughout the observation period (0 to 7 months). Results: A total of 240 females were included, among whom 236 completed the full vaccination program, including 79 in the HPV+HEV group, 77 in the HPV group, and 80 in the HEV group. One month after the full course of immunization, the seroconversion rates of HPV16 IgG and HPV18 IgG antibodies in both the HPV+HEV group and the HPV group were 100%, and the differences in seroconversion rates were 0 (95%CI: -3.39%-+∞). The seroconversion rates of HEV IgG antibodies in both the HPV+HEV group and the HEV group were 100%, and the difference in seroconversion rates was 0 (95%CI: -3.27%-+∞). The GMT of HPV16 IgG and HPV18 IgG antibodies in the HPV+HEV group was 393.88 and 284.86 IU/mL respectively, which was not inferior to 489.39 and 341.24 IU/mL in the HPV group, and the GMT ratios were 0.80 (95%CI: 0.66-+∞) and 0.83 (95%CI: 0.68-+∞), respectively. The GMT of HEV IgG in the HPV+HEV group was 13.55 U/mL, which was not inferior to 12.72 U/mL in the HEV group, and the GMT ratio was 1.07 (95%CI: 0.92-+∞). The incidences of pain, pruritus, and induration in the HPV+HEV group were 54.43%, 21.52% and 40.51% respectively, which were significantly higher than 10.39%, 0, and 0 in the HPV group (all P<0.05). The incidences of redness/swelling, muscle pain/general weakness in the HPV+HEV group were 2.53% and 0, respectively, which were significantly lower than 12.50% and 16.25% in the HEV group (both P<0.05). Conclusion The co-administration of the bivalent HPV vaccine and HEV vaccine is not inferior to individual vaccination in terms of immunogenicity and safety, and the vaccination plan can be optimized through co-administration.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild rodents in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of China, so as to provide insights into formulation of technical guidelines for monitoring of and the precise control strategy for S. japonicum infections in wild rodents during the elimination phase. Methods Two administrative villages where schistosomiasis was historically highly prevalent were selected each from Dongzhi County, Anhui Province, and Duchang County, Jiangxi Province as study villages. Wild rodents were captured from study villages with baited traps or cages at night in June and September, 2021. The number of rodents captured was recorded, and the rodent species was characterized based on morphologi-cal characteristics. Liver tissues were sampled from captured rodents for macroscopical observation of the presence of egg granu- lomas, and S. japonicum infection was detected simultaneously using liver tissue homogenate microscopy, examinations of mesenteric tissues for parasites, and modified Kato-Katz thick smear technique (Kato-Katz technique). A positive S. japonicum infection was defined as detection of S. japonicum eggs or adult worms by any of these methods. The rate of wild rodent capture and prevalence of S. japonicum infections in wild rodents were compared in different study villages and at different time periods, and the detection of S. japonicum infections in wild rodents was compared by different assays. Results The overall rate of wild ro- dent capture was 8.28% (237/2 861) in Dongzhi County, and the wild rodent capture rates were 9.24% (133/1 439) and 7.31% (104/1 422) in two study villages (χ² = 3.503, P = 0.061), and were 8.59% (121/1 409) and 7.99% (116/1 452) in June and September, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.337, P = 0.561). The overall rate of wild rodent capture was 3.72% (77/2 072) in Duchang County, and the wild rodent capture rates were 6.91% (67/970) and 0.91% (10/1 102) in two study villages (χ² = 51.901, P < 0.001), and were 4.13% (39/945) and 3.37% (38/1 127) in June and September, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.815, P = 0.365). Rattus norvegicus was the predominant rodent species captured in both counties, accounting for 70.04% (166/237) of all captured wild rodents in Dongzhi County and 88.31% (68/77) in Duchang County. No S. japonicum infection was detected in wild rodents captured in Duchang County. Nevertheless, the overall prevalence of S. japonicum infections was 51.05% (121/237) in wild rodents captured in Dongzhi County, with prevalence rates of 50.38% (67/133) and 51.92% (54/104) in two study villages (χ² = 0.098, P = 0.755), and 54.31% (63/116) and 47.93% (58/121) in September and June, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.964, P = 0.326). Of 237 wild rodents captured in Dongzhi County, there were 140 (59.07%) rodents with visible hepatic egg granulomas, 117 (49.47%) tested positive for S. japonicum eggs by liver tissue homogenate microscopy, 34 (14.35%) tested positive for S. japonicum eggs with Kato-Katz technique; however, no adult S. japonicum worms were detected in mesenteric tissues. In addition, hepatic egg granulomas were found in all wild rodents tested positive for S. japonicum eggs with liver tissue homogenate microscopy. Conclusions The rate of wild rodent capture and prevalence of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents vary greatly in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of China, and the prevalence of S. japonicum infection is slightly higher in wild rodents captured in autumn than in summer. Liver tissue is recommended as the preferred sample for surveillance of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents, and a combination of macroscopical observation of hepatic egg granulomas and liver tissue homogenate microscopy may be a standard method for surveillance of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents.

Abstract To analyzes the characteristics, problems and enlightenment of physical activity observation tools, so as to provide reference for researchers to quickly and accurately choose appropriate observation tools to evaluate children s and adolescents physical activity. Literature search is conducted in eight databases of Chinese and English, including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, ERIC, and SPORTDiscus. Ultimately, eight observation tools for assessing physical activity in children and adolescents are included. Through summarization and comparison, it is found that the applications of those tools cover multiple age groups, the observation indicators cover multiple dimensions for each with varying emphases, and the applicable contexts vary in their specific background information, and recording methods tend to be quantitative. However, several issues remain to be addressed in practical applications. First, the observation indicators need to be supplemented and improved; second, physical activity in community environments and academic classrooms requires further attention; third, physical activity intensity needs to be scientifically evaluated; fourth, observation and recording methods need to be integrated and innovated; fifth, the number of observation subjects needs to be expanded. Future research could focus on developing observation tools tailored to the characteristics of Chinese children and adolescents, while drawing on foreign observation tools to comprehensively assess physical activity among children and adolescents.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the host's dysfunctional response to infection.Sepsis involves complex immune and inflammatory responses that lead to organ microcirculation dysfunction，cellular mitochondrial dysfunction，and induced cell death.Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of cell death characterized by iron-dependent accumulation of peroxides. It is widely activated in sepsis-induced multiple organ injury. The underlying mechanisms involve lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial damage, glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibition, iron metabolism dysregulation, p53 gene regulation, and dysfunction of the Xc-antiporter system. This review focused on the relationship between ferroptosis,its key mechanisms and sepsis-related organ injury, providing new insights for potential therapeutic strategies.

The theory of " Sui Qi Suo De" originates from Zhang Zhongjing's Jin Gui Yao Lue and has been further developed by later generations of practitioners, offering significant guidance for clinical practice. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are common malignant disorders of the hematopoietic system, characterized by high heterogeneity and progressive mutational changes. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), MDS falls under the category of "marrow toxin exhaustion". This article applies the theory of " Sui Qi Suo De" in TCM to analyze the pathophysiological changes during different stages of MDS. Specifically, it explores the precursor stage (focusing on health maintenance and prevention before illness, addressing the " Suo De" of "gradual decline of vital qi"), the low-risk stage (strengthening the spleen and kidneys, clearing toxic pathogens, addressing the " Suo De" of "weakened vital qi invaded by pathogens"), and the medium-to-high-risk stage (detoxifying and reinforcing the body, harmonizing physical and mental health, addressing the " Suo De" of "dominant pathogens and declining vital qi"). The goal is to provide new directions and theoretical insights for the TCM treatment of MDS.

The concept of amplification feedback pathways represents an intersection between electronics and control theory,involving both amplification and feedback processes.It reveals the dynamic evolution mechanisms of systems under the combined influence of these two processes.In Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),Chest Bi syndrome is considered a"ben xu biao shi"condition,with its primary pathology located in the heart and closely related to other organs such as the liver,spleen and kidneys.This article focuses on the interrelationship between organ dysfunction and the imbalance of the Five Elements Theory.By applying amplification feedback theory and models,the study constructs and analyzes single-stage amplification feedback pathways involving the heart,liver and kidneys,as well as double-stage amplification feedback pathways involving the heart,liver,kidneys and spleen,in the context of multifactorial interactions such as heart and kidney Yang deficiency,Qi stagnation in the heart and chest,and spleen-stomach dysfunction.Particular emphasis is placed on analyzing the phenomena of deep feedback and self-excited oscillation,and specific formulas and clinical evidence are used to validate the analysis results,clarifying the role of relevant organ function changes in the pathogenesis of Chest Bi syndrome.The article aims to provide new insights into the complex pathogenesis of refractory diseases from a control theory perspective,offering new directions for modernizing TCM research with digital technology and theoretical support for future simulation-based digital systems guided by TCM theory.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the host's dysfunctional response to infection.Sepsis involves complex immune and inflammatory responses that lead to organ microcirculation dysfunction，cellular mitochondrial dysfunction，and induced cell death.Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of cell death characterized by iron-dependent accumulation of peroxides. It is widely activated in sepsis-induced multiple organ injury. The underlying mechanisms involve lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial damage, glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibition, iron metabolism dysregulation, p53 gene regulation, and dysfunction of the Xc-antiporter system. This review focused on the relationship between ferroptosis,its key mechanisms and sepsis-related organ injury, providing new insights for potential therapeutic strategies.