Objective To analyze the iodine nutritional status among pregnant women,breasffeeding women,0-2 years old infants,8-10 years old children,18-45 years old women and men in both urban and rural areas of Xiamen 3 years after promotion of new standard iodized salt.Methods The Huli and Xiang'an were selected as the urban and rural study sites in Xiamen City,from March 2015 to March 2016.Each study site was further divided into five geographic locations (east,south,west,north and center).In each location,one township was randomly selected.In each town,2 tap water samples,60 salt samples of residents,and urine samples of 40 children aged from 8-10 years old,20 pregnant women,12 breastfeeding women,0-2 years old infants,18-45 years old women and men were collected to determine the iodine level.The water iodine and urinary iodine were detected by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry;salt iodine was detected by direct titration.Results The medians of salt iodine in urban and rural were 23.0 and 25.3 μg/L,respectively.The coverage rates of iodized salt in urban and rural area were 99.3％ (298/300) and 94.0％ (282/300),respectively.The consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were 93.7％ (281/300) and 90.7％ (272/300),respectively.The medians of tap water iodine in urban and rural were 4.1 and 4.4 μg/L,respectively.In urban and rural areas,the medians of urinary iodine of pregnant women were 167.6 and 119.6 μg/L,respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of breastfeeding women were 121.6 and 101.2 μg/L,respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of infants were 165.9 and 110.5 μg/L,respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of children were 208.9 and 167.2 μg/L,respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of women aged 18-45 were 132.5 and 154.5 μg/L,respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of men aged 18-45 were 131.7 and 154.5 μg/L,respectively.Conclusions After 3 year promotion of new standard iodized salt,the iodine status of pregnant women in urban,breastfeeding women,0-2 years old infants,children aged 8 to 10 and adults aged 18 to 45 is adequate,but the pregnant women in rural has showed iodine deficiency.So surveillance and health education should be continuously strengthened in the future.Scientific salt iodization should continue to ensure the amount of iodine intake.

objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of pneumonia in patients with aplastic anemia for improving early prevention and clinical diagnosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted for patients with aplastic anemia treated in our hosipital from June 2013 to April 2018. The clinical data of pneumonia were reviewed and analyzed in terms of radiological findings, pathogen distribution, and related risk factors. Results The clinical manifestations are atypical in patients with aplastic anemia. The imaging findings suggested that the infection was mainly bilateral pulmonary infection. The common pathogens were gram-negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae. Disease type, agranulocytosis and low serum albumin level were independent risk factors for pneumonia in patients with aplastic anemia. Regular immunosuppressive therapy is a protective factor for pneumonia in patients with aplastic anemia. Conclusions The clinical manifestations of pneumonia are diverse in patients with aplastic anemia. The pathogens are mainly gram-negative bacteria. Empirical use of β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations or quinolones is beneficial for controlling infection. Regular immunosuppressive therapy, recovery of hematopoietic function, nutritional support are effective measures to reduce the incidence of pneumonia in patients with aplastic anemia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the origin of supernumerary small marker chromosomes (sSMCs) carried by two fetuses. METHODS: Single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-array) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis were carried out on cells cultured from the amniotic fluid samples. RESULTS: SNP-array analysis showed both fetuses to be arr[hg19]22q11.1q11.21(16 888 899-18 649 190)×4, with a duplicated 1.7 Mb region (16 888 899-18 649 190) leading to partial tetrasomy of 22q11.1-22q11.21. FISH confirmed that both fetuses were 47,XN,+mar.ish idic(22)(q11.2) (RP11-958H20 ++),which suggested a diagnosis of Cat-eye syndrome (CES). The appearance of abortuses were consistent with the diagnosis of CES. CONCLUSION Two fetuses with CES were diagnosed by genetic testing. The latter has provided a basis for genetic counseling.
Aneuploidy ; Chromosome Disorders ; diagnosis ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; Eye Abnormalities ; diagnosis ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotyping ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

B cell linker (BLNK) is a key linker protein of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway. BLNK participates in the regulation of PLC-γactivity and the activation of Ras pathway through its typical structure and interaction network with other proteins, and is thus widely involved in the regulation of B cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and signal transduction. Furthermore, it is closely related to anaphylactic diseases, multiple sclerosis, chromosomal aneuploidy, aneuglobulinemia, B lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma. Herein we review the structure and biological function of BLNK and its role in B cell-related diseases. BLNK can cooperate with a series of effective proteins to activate BCR signaling pathway, thereby regulating the development, maturation and function of B cells. The functional mutation of BLNK can destroy the homeostasis of B cells and affect the development and maturation of B cells, which leads to the occurrence of B cell related diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the biological functions of BLNK not only provides insights into the pathogenesis of B cell-related diseases, but also inspires new ideas and helps to find breakthroughs for the treatment of these diseases with BLNK as the therapeutic target.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; chemistry ; genetics ; physiology ; Apoptosis ; B-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Mutation ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell ; chemistry ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Objective: To investigate the current status and real performance of the detection of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion transcript levels and WT1 transcript levels in China through interlaboratory comparison. Methods: Peking University People’s Hospital (PKUPH) prepared the samples for comparison. That is, the fresh RUNX1-RUNX1T1 positive (+) bone morrow nucleated cells were serially diluted with RUNX1-RUNX1T1 negative (-) nucleated cells from different patients. Totally 23 sets with 14 different samples per set were prepared. TRIzol reagent was added in each tube and thoroughly mixed with cells for homogenization. Each laboratory simultaneously tested RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and WT1 transcript levels of one set of samples by real-time quantitative PCR method. All transcript levels were reported as the percentage of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 or WT1 transcript copies/ABL copies. Spearman correlation coefficient between the reported transcript levels of each participated laboratory and those of PKUPH was calculated. Results: ①RUNX1-RUNX1T1 comparison: 9 samples were (+) and 5 were (-) , the false negative and positive rates of the 20 participated laboratories were 0 (0/180) and 5% (5/100) , respectively. The reported transcript levels of all 9 positive samples were different among laboratories. The median reported transcript levels of 9 positive samples were from 0.060% to 176.7%, which covered 3.5-log. The ratios of each sample’s highest to the lowest reported transcript levels were from 5.5 to 12.3 (one result which obviously deviated from other laboratories’ results was not included) , 85% (17/20) of the laboratories had correlation coefficient ≥0.98. ②WT1 comparison: The median reported transcript levels of all 14 samples were from 0.17% to 67.6%, which covered 2.6-log. The ratios of each sample’s highest to the lowest reported transcript levels were from 5.3-13.7, 62% (13/21) of the laboratories had correlation coefficient ≥0.98. ③ The relative relationship of the reported RUNX1-RUNX1T1 transcript levels between the participants and PKUPH was not always consistent with that of WT1 transcript levels. Both RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and WT1 transcript levels from 2 and 7 laboratories were individually lower than and higher than those of PKUPH, whereas for the rest 11 laboratories, one transcript level was higher than and the other was lower than that of PKUPH. Conclusion The reported RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and WT1 transcript levels were different among laboratories for the same sample. Most of the participated laboratories reported highly consistent result with that of PKUPH. The relationship between laboratories of the different transcript levels may not be the same.

Objective This study was performed to investigate the infection of Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and its downstream cytokine High-mobility Group Box 1(HMGB1)on the transcriptional regulation of macrophage polarization.Methods The murine macrophage cell line RAW246.7 was stimulated with LPS and HMGB1 respec-tively.The levels of M1 macrophage related mRNA(NOS2,TNF-α,IL-6)and M2 related mRNA(ARG-1,RELM-α)were determined by Q-PCR.Results The expression of M1 macrophage related mRNA(NOS2,IL-6,TNF-α) was significantly upregulated(P<0.01),while the M2 macrophage related mRNA(ARG-1,RELM-α)was down-regulated(P > 0.05)after the stimulation of LPS. Both the M1 and M2 related markers were upregulated at the mRNA level in HMGB1 stimulate group,and the upregulation of NOS2,TNF-α and RELM-α was statistically sig-nificant(P<0.01).Conclusions LPS induces the M1 polarization of murine macrophage,which involved in the inflammation reaction.HMGB1,as the downstream cytokine of LPS signaling,induces both M1/M2 polarization of murine macrophage. It′s inferred that HMGB1 intensifies periodontal inflammatory responses and,at the same time,involves the negative feedback mechanism in the responses to tissue remodeling.

Objective To investigate the sensitization pattern of Blomia tropicalis in patients with aller-gic respiratory disease and the association between Blomia tropicalis with allergic rhinitis and / or asthma. Meth-ods 330 allergic rhinitis and / or asthma patients sensitized with mites were selected in Guangzhou,and sIgE lev-el in the serum of all recruited patients of Blomia tropical,Dermatophagoide pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoide fa-rina was measured. Results The sensitization rate of Blomia tropicalis was significantly lower than that of Derma-tophagoide pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoide farina(P < 0.001,both). 80.0% Patients were sensitized with both three mites,and only 0.3% patients were of monosensitization to Blomia tropicalis. The sIgE of these three mites were significantly positive correlated with each other(P < 0.001),Dermatophagoide pteronyssinus and Derma-tophagoide farina have strong correlation(r = 0.906),Blomia tropicalis has moderate correlation with Dermatopha-goide pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoide farina(r = 0.540 and r = 0.512,respectively). With the increase of Blomia tropicalis sIgE,the severe sensitization rate(sIgE level:class 5~6)of patients sensitized combined Der-matophagoide pteronyssinus or Dermatophagoide farina significantly increased(P < 0.001). The sIgE level of Der-matophagoide pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoide farina in allergic asthma and rhinitis patients were significantly higher than that of patients with rhinitis or asthma alone(P < 0.001),and the sIgE level of Blomia tropicalis in pa-tients with both allergic asthma and rhinitis or with asthma alone were also significantly higher than that of patients with rhinitis alone(P = 0.006 and P = 0.020,respectively). Conclusion The Blomia tropicalis sensitized pa-tients usually sensitize together with Dermatophagoide pteronyssinus or Dermatophagoide farina,and the degree of Blomia tropicalis sensitized in asthma patients are higher.

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether trajectory model can be used to explore the trend of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status among HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM).

METHODSHIV-negative MSM were recruited by using the "snowball" method from 1st September 2016 to 30th September 2017 in Urumqi. The subjects were followed-up every six months since enrollment. The cell samples in anal canal were collected and the 37-type HPV test kits were used for identification and classification of HPV infection at both baseline and follow-up visits. Taking the cumulative number of different types of HPV as the dependent variable and follow-up visits as the independent variable, the trajectory model was established for the study subjects who completed baseline, 6 months and 12 months follow-up. The model was used to simulate the trend of HPV infection status when the subjects were divided into 1, 2, 3 and 4 subgroups. Bayesian information criterion (BIC), log Bayes factor and average posterior probability (AvePP) were used to evaluate the fitting effect.

RESULTSA total of 400 HIV-negative MSM were recruited at baseline and 187 subjects completed baseline and two follow-ups. The fitting effect attained best when the variation trend was divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup accounted for 54.5%(102/187) of the total, and the curve of change in HPV infection was decreasing; the second subgroup accounted for 45.5%(85/187) of the total, and the curve of change in HPV infection was increasing.

CONCLUSIONSTrajectory model can effectively distinguish the trend of HPV infection status in HIV-negative MSM to identify the high-risk group of HPV infection.

Anal Canal ; Bayes Theorem ; HIV Infections ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sexual and Gender Minorities

Objective To compare the clinical and histological characteristics between elderly lupus nephritis (LN) patients and adult LN patients.Methods Patients diagnosed with LN from January 2011 to October 2016 at Fuzong Medical Hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study.Recruited patients were assigned into two groups according to age:the elderly-onset group (aged over 60,n=25) and the adult-onset group (aged below 60,n=50).Clinical features,laboratory manifestations,histological data and treatment responses were analyzed and compared.Results The average ages at the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the elderly-onset group and the adult onset group were (62.2± 3.1)years and (33.2±10.0) years (t=18.4,P=0.000),respectively.The female to male ratio was lower in the elderly group compared with that in the adult group (1.3 ∶ 1.0 vs.5.3 ∶ 1.0,x2=6.908,P=0.009).The prevalence of hypertension in the elderly-onset group was much higher than that in the adult-onset group (x2=9.375,P=0.002).Also,elderly patients showed significantly higher serum creatinine levels (t=80.644,P=0.000) and lower rates of positive anti-dsDNA (x2 =6.304,P=0.012).Additionally,elderly onset individuals were correlated with higher scores of glomerular sclerosis (80％,x2 =14.109,P=0.000),fibrous crescents(36％,x2 =9.040,P=0.003),tubular atrophy (92％,x2=7.440,P=0.006),interstitial fibrosis (92％,x2=7.440,P=0.006) and chronicityindex (3.4±1.9,t=3.648,P 0.000),compared with the adult onset group.Conclusions There are clinical and histological differences between elderly and adult LN patients.LN in the elderly is characterized by a low female to male ratio,a low prevalence of positive anti-dsDNA,high blood pressure,severe kidney injury,and chronic lesions in renal pathology.

Objective To examine the incidence ,clinical characteristics ,and risk factors for falls within two years after stroke in elderly patients. Methods A total of 365 elderly stroke patients from the Department of Neurology at the 8th Nanning People's Hospital were recruited from June 1 , 2013 to December 31 ,2014. They were divided into a fall group and a non-fall group and were followed up for two years. The incidence and clinic characteristics of falls were analyzed. The risk factors for falls were analyzed by multiple Logistic regression analysis. Results Of the 365 stroke patients included in this study ,falls were observed in 146(40.2％ )patients. The interval between the stroke and the first fall :72(49.3％ )patients had the first fall within 3 months;22(15.1％ )occurred between 4 and 6 months;20 (13.7％ )between 7 and 12 months ;17 (11.6％ )between 13 and 18 months ;and 15 (10.3％ )between 19 and 24 months.A hundred and five(71.9％ )patients fell during daytime and 41 (28.1％ )patients during night.Eighteen(12.3％ )patients had one fall ;65(44.5％ )patients fell 2 to 4 times ;60(41.1％ )patients fell 5 to 10 times ;and 3(2.1％ )patients fell over 10 times.A total of 709 falls were observed.Places of falls :102(69.9％ )falls happened indoors and 44(30.1％ )falls occurred outdoors.Circumstances of falls :27 (18.5％ )patients fell when turning over ;23 (15.8％ )fell when rising from a seating position ;4(2.7％ )patients fell when showering ;15(10.3％ )patients fell while standing ;9(6.8％ )fell when turning around ;56(38.3％ )fell while walking ;and 12(8.2％ )fell while climbing the stairs or running.The severity of falls :52(35.6％ )patients had no injury ;78(53.2％ ) suffered soft tissue injury ;16 (11.0％ )had fractures ;and 78 (53.2％ )had fear of falling.Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=2.41 ;95％ CI :1.69-3.05) ,history of falls(OR =2.85 ;95％ CI :1.46-3.81) ,history of stroke(OR=1.87 ;95％ CI :1.12-2.79) ,right hemiplegia(OR=2.37 ;95％ CI :1.62-4.59) ,left hemiplegia(OR= 2.47 ;95％ CI :1.46-4.78) ,paraplegia(OR= 2.55 ;95％ CI :1.57-4.98) ,visual impairment(OR=2.35 ;95％ CI :1.35-6.62) ,apraxia(OR=2.53 ;95％ CI :1.42-5.63) ,unilateral spatial neglect (OR=3.34 ;95％ CI :2.82-6.34) ,use of psychotropic medications (OR= 1.76 ;95％ CI :1.11-1.98) ,impaired physical mobility (OR = 1.58 ;95％ CI :1.82-2.91) ,low MMSE scale(OR = 3.42 ;95％ CI :1.38-7.41) ,low Barthel Index score(OR = 2.83 ;95％ CI :0.97-4.68) ,BBS scale<45(OR=2.48 ;95％ CI :1.27-4.18) ,TUG>15seconds(OR=3.56 ;95％ CI :1.91-5.23) ,and lack of rehabilitation therapy (OR=3.42 ;95％ CI :1.38-7.41)were independent predictors for falls(all P<0.05). Conclusions Falls are common among elderly patients within two years after stroke.Most falls happen indoors ,during daytime and while moving.Age ,history of falls ,history of stroke ,hemiplegia ,visual impairment ,apraxia ,unilateral spatial neglect ,use of psychotropic medications ,walk with a walker ,low MMSE scale ,low Barthel Index score ,BBS scale<45 ,TUG>15 seconds ,and lack of rehabilitation therapy are independent risk factors for falls after stroke.