ObjectiveTo systematically analyze international disability data policies and standards, as well as the application of disability data in policymaking, service optimization and inclusive social development, and to clarify the importance of international disability data policies, standard systems and disability data application for the development of disability-related services. MethodsThrough the analysis of policy content and research on the data standard system, this study explored the disability data policy framework, standard system and technical path of data interoperability and integration of international organizations including the United Nations (United Nations Statistics Division and United Nations Children's Fund), World Health Orgnization, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, and International Labour Organization. ResultsInternational organizations established disability data policy frameworks based on their respective mandates, involving data and service development, data standards, data governance, and data application. The international community established a disability data standard system for disability data collection, coding, exchange, interoperability, statistical analysis, data fusion and application. Building a standardized disability data standard system based on the framework of international health classification standards such as International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision would ensure the consistency of cross-national disability data policies, and the interoperability and comparability of disability data, promoting the development of data-driven disability-related services, accurately identifying the service needs of people with disabilities, and optimizing service provision, thereby improving the quality of life and social participation of people with disabilities. ConclusionThe construction and implementation of international disability data policies and data standards have promoted the standardization and interoperability of disability data. With the application of big data, artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies in disability data, international cooperation and cross-industry data fusion in the field of disability data have been promoted, further promoting the development of data-driven disability services, ensuring equal opportunities for people with disabilities to enjoy service resources, and improving the coverage and quality of disability services.

Objective To explore whether hepatocyte Perilipin-2(Plin2)is involved in the development of fatty liver related to comparative gene identification-58(CGI-58)deficiency mice and compare the effects of Plin2 and Plin3 on lipid droplet formation and lipid accumulation.Methods Based on CGI-58Flox/Flox mice as animal model,the adeno-associated viruses targeting mouse liver,CGI-58 knockout and Plini2 knockdown were achieved by co-expression Cre protein and micro-RNA targeting Plin2(Mi-KD).Then CGI-58 deficiency mice were used as control(NC)to detect the differences in metabolic phenotype and liver pathology.AML-12 mouse hepatocytes were used as cellular model and interfered with siRNA to achieve Plin2/Plin3 knockdown in AML-12 cells.Lipid droplet formation and lipid accumulation were compared with Bodipy staining and enzyme colorimetry in basal condition or lipid-overloaded condition(OA inducement)after Plin2/Plin3 knockdown.Results Plin2 knockdown(Mi-KD)reduced PLIN2 protein level by＞99％in mouse livers.Mi-KD decreased hepatomegaly(P=0.019 5)and liver injury(P=0.000 4),while reduced the histological NAS score(P=0.000 2)and hepatic triglyceride content(P=0.016 6)in the CGI-58 deficiency female mice.Mi-KD prevented microvesicular hepatic steatosis in the CGI-58 deficient female mice.Plin3 knockdown significantly reduced the triglyceride content in basal condition of hepatocytes(P=0.001 4),and Plin2 knockdown just showed a decreased trend.Plin2 or Plin3 knockdown significantly reduced the triglyceride content separately in lipid-overloaded hepatocytes(P＜0.05).Conclusion Hepatocyte Plin2 is essential in the development of microvesicular hepatic steatosis caused by CGI-58 deficiency.Both Plin2 and Plin3 are involved in lipid droplet formation and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes,and Plin3 shows a stronger effect.

The number of investigator initiated research (IIR) is increasing. But the recognition and management of IIR in China is still in its infancy, and there is a lack of specific and operable guidance for the implementation process. Based on our practical experiences, previous literature reports, and current policy regulations, the authors took prospective IIR as an example to summarize the implementation process of IIR into 14 steps, which are as the following: study initiation, ethical review, study registration, study filing, case report form design, database establishment, standard operating procedure making, investigator training, informed consent, data collection, data entry, data verification, data locking and data archiving.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases in Sichuan Province, so as to provide the evidence for analyzing the causes and formulating targeted control measures of newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases. Methods Individual case investigation forms for advanced schistosomiasis cases were collected from the Sichuan Provincial Epidemic Annual Report System from 2011 to 2022, and patients’ demographics, previous medical history and liver parenchymal grading were retrieved. All advanced schistosomiasis cases’ medical records were reviewed, and the subtypes of schistosomiasis-endemic villages where the cases’ household registration were, floating population, survival and death and time of death were collected. Results A total of 321 newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases were found in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2022, with a male to female ratio of 0.99 to 1. There were 274 cases at ages of over 50 years (85.4%), with the highest proportion seen at ages of 60 to 69 years (87 cases, 27.1%), and splenomegaly was the most common type (180 cases, 56.1%), with no dwarfism type detected. The highest number of cases was reported in 2011 (78 cases), followed by in 2022 (74 cases), and the highest number of cases were reported in Meishan City (199 cases, 62.0%), Dongpo District (131 cases, 40.8%), and hilly subtype areas (136 cases, 42.4%). As of the end of 2022, there were 111 deaths due to advanced schistosomiasis, with the highest number of deaths seen in 2018 (25 deaths), and the highest mortality was seen among patients with the ascites type (41.2%). There were 47 (37.3%), 40 (59.5%) and 4 (23.5%) cases with grade III liver parenchyma among patients with splenomegaly, ascites, and colonic proliferation types, respectively, and there was a significant difference in the grading of III liver parenchyma among three types of patients (H = 12.092, P < 0.05), with more severe liver parenchyma injuries seen among patients with the ascites type than among those with splenomegaly and colonic proliferation type (Z = 24.262 and 44.738, both P_adjusted values < 0.05). Conclusions There have been newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases in Sichuan Province during recent years, and patients with the ascites type should be given a high priority among advanced schistosomiasis cases in Sichuan Province. Intensified clue surveys are needed for early identification and treatment of advanced schistosomiasis cases, so as to increase the survival rate and improve the quality of life.

Objective:To evaluate the humoral and cellular immunoreactivity of recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M. tuberculosis) PstS1 and HspX protein antigens in order to provide reference for immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis and screening of candidates for vaccine antigens. Methods:Purified recombinant M. tuberculosis PstS1 and HspX proteins were obtained using molecular cloning expression and Ni 2+ affinity chromatography. Blood samples and epidemiological data of healthy individuals and patients with M. tuberculosis infection were collected. Specific IgG antibodies and IFN-γ-producing antigen-specific T cells were respectively detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) with the recombinant proteins used as antigens. The humoral and cellular immunoreactivity of the recombinant PstS1 and HspX proteins were assessed with statistical analysis of data. Results:Both the recombinant PstS1 and HspX proteins could induce the secretion of IFN-γ by more specific effector T cells in patient with M. tuberculosis infection, and the differences between the infection and healthy control groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The specificity and sensitivity of the recombinant PstS1 and HspX as the diagnostic antigens of ELISPOT were 92.11% (35/38) and 65.96% (31/47), and 68.42% (26/38) and 91.49% (43/47), respectively. The two proteins also possessed some humoral immunoreactivity, but statistically significant difference was only observed in the HspX-specific antibody level between the two groups ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Both the recombinant PstS1 and HspX proteins had good cellular immunoreactivity and were the immunodominant antigens of cellular immunity. They performed well in cellular immunodiagnosis and were good potential candidate antigens for anti-tuberculosis vaccines.

Objective: To establish and evaluate a multiplex PCR method for rapid identification of Mycobacterium species in order to provide an approach for rapid diagnosis of pathogens causing tuberculosis. Methods: Four genes including 16S rRNA, Rv0577, RD9 and mtbk_20680 were selected to establish the multiplex PCR method. Specific primers were designed and the reaction system and conditions were optimized. The sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex PCR method were evaluated through identifying Mycobacterium africanum (M.africanum), Mycobacterium bovis (M.bovis), M. bovis BCG, seven common non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium (NTM), seven reference species of common respiratory bacteria and 93 clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolated from patients with tuberculosis in Gansu Province of China. Results: The fragments of 16S rRNA, Rv0577, RD9 and mtbk_20680 genes were 543 bp, 786 bp, 369 bp and 231 bp in length, respectively. MTB strains of the Beijing genotype were positive for all of the four genes, while the non-Beijing genotype strains were negative for mtbk_20680. M. africanum, M. bovis and M. bovis BCG strains were negative for 16S rRNA and Rv0577. NTM strains only carried 16S rRNA and none of four genes were detected in the seven species of respiratory bacteria. Among the 93 clinical MTB strains, 80 (86.02%) belonged to the Beijing genotype and the other 13 (13.98%) were non-Beijing genotype strains. The specificity of the multiplex PCR method was 100%. Conclusions The established multiplex PCR method could accurately distinguish Mycobacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), NTM, MTB, and Beijing and non-Beijing genotype MTB with high sensitivity and specificity.

Objective To evaluate the antigenicity of two proteins of Mycobacteium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), Dnak(Rv0350) and MPT83(Rv2873), in order to provide a scientific basis for immuno-logical diagnosis of tuberculosis and research on vaccines. Methods The two antigen proteins, Dnak (Rv0350) and MPT83(Rv2873), were cloned, expressed and purified using the methods of genetic recom-bination and protein purification technology. Blood samples were collected from subjects including tuberculo-sis patients ( TB) , non-tuberculosis patients with other pulmonary diseases ( non-TB) and healthy volunteers (HV). To analyze the immunological properties of the recombinant Dnak (Rv0350) and MPT83 (Rv2873) proteins, they were used as antigens to detect humoral and cellular immunity in the subjects with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) and effector T cell enzyme-linked immunospot assay ( ELISPOT ) . Results The recombinant and purified Dnak (Rv0350) and MPT83 (Rv2873) proteins of M. tuberculosis were successfully obtained and used as antigens in the detection of humoral and cellular immunity in the sub-jects. Specific antibodies ( IgG) in the serum samples of 135 TB, 56 non-TB and 94 HV were tested with ELISA. The results showed that the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of Dnak ( Rv0350 ) protein were 77. 80％ (105/135), 56. 70％ (85/150) and 66. 67％ (190/285). Similarly, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MPT83 (Rv2873) protein were 76. 30％ (103/135), 43. 30％ (65/150) and 58. 95％(168/285). Cellular immunity was tested with the levels of IFN-γproduced by effector T lymphocytes after stimulating peripheral blood monouclear cells ( PBMC) collected form subjects of 59 TB, 65 non-TB and 64 HV with Dnak (Rv0350) and MPT83 (Rv2873) protein antigens. The results showed that the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of Dnak (Rv0350) and MPT83 (Rv2873) proteins were 66. 10％ (39/59), 62. 79％ (81/129) and 63. 83％ (120/188), and 47. 46％ (28/59), 79. 84％ (103/129) and 69. 68％(131/188), respectively. Conclusions M. tuberculosis Dnak (Rv0350) and MPT83 (Rv2873) proteins have good antigenicity and could stimulate T cells to produce stronger immune responses. The two proteins used in combination might have promising potential in the research of immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis and the development of new anti-tuberculosis vaccines.

Objective To investigate the cross-reactive immune responses to Mycobacterium vac-cae (M. vaccae), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis, H37Rv) and Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin ( BCG) for providing reference for the development of new vaccines with M. vaccae. Meth-ods M. vaccae (ATCC95051), M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) and BCG (China strain) were cultured on L-J solid media and harvested. Total bacterial protein antigens prepared by ultrasonic disruption were used to im-munize BALB/c mice. IgG antibodies in serum samples were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) to evaluate humoral immune responses. Cellular immunity was assessed by detecting various cytokines with cytokine release assay ( CRA) . Results The mice that were respectively immunized with the three mycobacterial antigens could produce high titers of antibodies ( IgG) and high levels of IFN-γand IL-2, but low levels of IL-4 and IL-10. Results of the cross reactivity tests showed that ATCC95051, H37Rv and BCG were able to cross-react with the immunized mice, and all of them induced high levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IgG antibodies. Conclusions The three Mycobacteria mainly elicited Th1 immune responses. There were cross-reactive immune responses to M. vaccae, M. tuberculosis and BCG, which might provide ref-erence for using M. vaccae in the development of new anti-tuberculous vaccines.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the speech fluency of preschool hearing-impaired children with hearing devices ,and to explore influence of different hearing devices, age, ender and intervention time on their speech fluency.Methods A total of 109 subjects of normal children and hearing-impaired children were induded in this study.They were divided into 3 groups, 30 of normal children , 28 of hearing-impaired children with hearing aids , 26 of hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants, 25 of hearing-impaired children with Cochlear implant and hearing aids.Their speech speed,pause,repetition,and prolongation in spontaneous language tasks by exploring the influence of factors such as hearing devices'' types,age, gender and intervention time difference to their speech fluency were studied.Results (1) The speed in normal children was significantly higher than those of in the other three groups(P<0.05), while the normal children had less pauses than the hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants(P=0.001) and hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants and hearing aids(P=0.032).The normal children have less prolongation than the hearing-impaired children with hearing aids (P=0.001) and hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants and hearing aids(P=0.001) but noticeably greater prolongation than the hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants (P<0.001).(2) Hearing-impaired children''s speech speed,pause,repetition,and prolongation had no significant differences in gender(P>0.05).The speech speed of children with hearing aids was higher than children with cochlear implants(P=0.045).Children with cochlear implant had more pauses than children with hearing aids(P=0.028).The speech speed of hearing-impaired children in 3.5~5 years old was lower than hearing-impaired children in 5.1~6.5 years old(P=0.042).The speech speed of hearing-impaired children who receive intervention less than 2.5 years, was higher than the children who receive intervention more than 2.5 years(P=0.002),while children who receive intervention less than 2.5 years had more pauses(P=0.047) and prolongations(P=0.002).Conclusion (1)Preschool hearing-impaired children''s speed is lower than the normal, and the times of pause and prolongation is more than the normal.(2) Different hearing devices and intervention time influence preschool hearing-impaired children''s verbal fluency, while gender have no effects.

Objective To prepare an attenuated Listeria vaccine Lmdd-LMP2A expressing the Ep-stein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A ( EBV-LMP2A) and evaluate its specific anti-tumor effects on nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods The gene fragment encoding EBV-LMP2A was amplified by PCR analysis and then subcloned into the shuttle vector p1565.PCR restriction enzyme digestion and DNA se-quencing were performed to identify the recombinant shuttle vector p1565-LMP2A.The p1565-LMP2A vector was then transformed into competent strains of the attenuated Listeria monocytogenes ( Lmdd) .The recombi-nant attenuated Listeria vaccine strain Lmdd-LMP2A was verified by Western blot assay.The histological sections of spleen and liver tissues were stained by Haematoxylin and eosin ( H&E) for analysis of inflamma-tion.A tumor-bearing HLA-A2 transgenic mouse model was established by subcutaneous injection of CNE-1/HLA-A2/LMP2A nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line.The prepared Lmdd-LMP2A vaccine was inoculated into the mice via tail intravenous injection for the evaluation of specific CTL induction and the in vivo anti-tumor effects.Results The shuttle vector p1565-LMP2A and the recombinant attenuated Listeria vaccine strain Lmdd-LMP2A with stable expression of LMP2A protein were successfully constructed.The immunized mice showed mild inflammations with no structural damage and necrosis as indicated by H&E staining.The growth of tumors in tumor-bearing HLA-A2 transgenic mice was significantly inhibited by the immunization of Lmdd-LMP2A vaccine as compared with mice without inoculation.The survival time of mice was prolonged with the immunization of Lmdd-LMP2A vaccine.Conclusion The prepared attenuated Listeria vaccine Lm-dd-LMP2A showed specific anti-tumor effects with the safety advantage, suggesting the possibility of using it for anti-tumor therapy in clinic.