ObjectiveTo establish a model that can quickly identify the aroma components in different parts of Nardostachys jatamansi， so as to provide a quality control basis for the market circulation and clinical use of N. jatamansi. MethodsHeadspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-SPME-GC-MS） combined with Smart aroma database and National Institute of Standards and Technology（NIST） database were used to characterize the aroma components in different parts of N. jatamansi， and the aroma components were quantified according to relative response factor（RRF） and three internal standards， and the markers of aroma differences in different parts of N. jatamansi were identified by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） and cluster thermal analysis based on variable importance in the projection（VIP） value >1 and P<0.01. The odor data of different parts of N. jatamansi were collected by Heracles Ⅱ Neo ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose， and the correlation between compound types of aroma components collected by the ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose and the detection results of HS-SPME-GC-MS was investigated by drawing odor fingerprints and odor response radargrams. Chromatographic peak information with distinguishing ability≥0.700 and peak area≥200 was selected as sensor data， and the rapid identification model of different parts of N. jatamansi was established by principal component analysis（PCA）， discriminant factor alysis（DFA）， soft independent modeling of class analogies（SIMCA） and statistical quality control analysis（SQCA）. ResultsThe HS-SPME-GC-MS results showed that there were 28 common components in the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi， of which 22 could be quantified and 12 significantly different components were screened out. Among these 12 components， the contents of five components（ethyl isovalerate， 2-pentylfuran， benzyl alcohol， nonanal and glacial acetic acid，） in the aboveground part of N. jatamansi were significantly higher than those in the underground part（P<0.01）， the contents of β-ionone， patchouli alcohol， α-caryophyllene， linalyl butyrate， valencene， 1，8-cineole and p-cymene in the underground part of N. jatamansi were significantly higher than those in the aboveground part（P<0.01）. Heracles Ⅱ Neo electronic nose results showed that the PCA discrimination index of the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi was 82， and the contribution rates of the principal component factors were 99.94% and 99.89% when 2 and 3 principal components were extracted， respectively. The contribution rate of the discriminant factor 1 of the DFA model constructed on the basis of PCA was 100%， the validation score of the SIMCA model for discrimination of the two parts was 99， and SQCA could clearly distinguish different parts of N. jatamansi. ConclusionHS-SPME-GC-MS can clarify the differential markers of underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi. The four analytical models provided by Heracles Ⅱ Neo electronic nose（PCA， DFA， SIMCA and SQCA） can realize the rapid identification of different parts of N. jatamansi. Combining the two results， it is speculated that terpenes and carboxylic acids may be the main factors contributing to the difference in aroma between the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi.

Objective To investigate CT features of Chlamydia psittaci(C.psittaci)pneumonia patients.Methods Ten patients with C.psittaci pneumonia were collected retrospectively based on macro gene second-generation sequencing(mNGS).The radiological manifestations of the disease were analyzed.Results Seven patients(70%)had contact history with birds(poultry)or their feces.Chest CT on the day of admission was mainly mass patchy consolidation,all of which were located in single lung,involving 8 cases(80%)with one lobe and 2 cases(20%)with two lobes.All of them were accompanied by air bronchogram,9 cases(90%)with ground glass shadow and 8 cases(80%)with interstitial changes.One case(10%)showed a reversed halo sign,and 1 case(10%)showed fan-shaped consolidation.Nine cases(90%)showed progress with increased fusion or new lesions within nine days.Conclusion CT findings of C.psittaci pneumonia have certain characteristics,and combining with history of contacting birds(poultry)can suggest diagnosis.

To address the problem of low accuracy in multi-classification recognition of motor imagery electroencephalogram(EEG)signals,a recognition method is proposed based on differential entropy and convolutional neural network for 4-class classification of motor imagery.EEG signals are extracted into 4 frequency bands(Alpha,Beta,Theta,and Gamma)through the filter,followed by the computation of differential entropy for each frequency band.According to the spatial characteristics of brain electrodes,the data structure is reconstructed into three-dimensional EEG signal feature cube which is input into convolutional neural network for 4-class classification.The method achieves an accuracy of 95.88%on the BCI Competition IV-2a public dataset.Additionally,a 4-class classification motor imagery dataset is established in the laboratory for the same processing,and an accuracy of 94.50%is obtained.The test results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits superior recognition performance.

Objective To explore the relationship between dietary fiber intake and hypertension in different populations.Methods Dietary fiber intake was calculated using the data from 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)database by combining dietary data collected by the 24-hour dietary recall method with the USDA Food and Nutritional Database.Hypertension was defined based on blood pressure values obtained through questionnaires and mobile center measurements.Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between dietary fiber intake and hypertension in individuals aged≥18 years.Generalized additive model(GAM)and smoothed curve fitting were used to analyze the dose-response relationship between them.Results Compared with the low dietary fiber intake(＜17.75 g/d)group,in the total population,the prevalence risk of hypertension was 18% lower in the high dietary fiber intake(≥18.85 g/d)group(OR=0.82,95% CI 0.68-0.98).In the male population,the risk of hypertension in the high dietary fiber intake group decreased by 23% (OR=0.77,95% CI 0.60-0.98).In the female population,when dietary fiber intake was＞28.05 g/d,the risk of hypertension decreased by 6% (OR=0.94,95% CI 0.89-0.99)for 1 g/d increase in dietary fiber intake.In the population aged＞60 years,the risk of hypertension decreased by 31% in the high dietary fiber intake group(OR=0.69,95% CI 0.48-0.99).In the population aged≤45 years,the risk of hypertension decreased by 6% (OR=0.94,95% CI 0.88-0.99)for 1 g/d increase when dietary fiber intake＞34.5 g/d.Conclusions High dietary fiber intake is associated with a decreased risk of developing hypertension,and a reasonable increase in dietary fiber intake can help reduce the incidence of hypertension.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)in preventing rebleeding in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)comorbid with esophagogastric variceal bleeding and the influencing factors for prognosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 35 HCC patients comorbid with esophagogastric variceal bleeding who were admitted to Zengcheng Branch of Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University,and were treated with TIPS from July 2019 to April 2023.The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to assess rebleeding rate and survival rate after TIPS,and the Cox regression model was used to investigate the influencing factors for postoperative rebleeding and survival.Results The TIPS procedure was technically successful in all patients,with a median follow-up time of 16.4 months.During follow-up,11 patients(31.4%)experienced esophagogastric variceal rebleeding,with the 1-month,3-month,and 1-year rebleeding rates of 5.7%,17.1%,and 28.6%,respectively.White blood cell count(WBC)(risk ratio[HR]=1.31,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.04-1.64,P=0.021),number of tumors≥3(HR=35.68,95%CI:1.74-733.79,P=0.021),and portal pressure gradient before TIPS(HR=0.85,95%CI:0.73-0.99,P=0.032)were independent predictive factors for rebleeding after TIPS.Shunt dysfunction was observed in 5 patients after surgery.A total of 19 patients died during follow-up,with a median survival time of 9.6 months.Portal vein tumor thrombosis(PVTT)(HR=7.04,95%CI:1.31-37.78,P=0.023),total bilirubin(TBil)(HR=1.02,95%CI:1.00-1.03,P=0.042),and serum albumin(HR=0.82,95%CI:0.72-0.94,P=0.004)were independent predictive factors for survival after TIPS.Conclusion TIPS procedure can be used as a therapeutic option to prevent esophagogastric variceal rebleeding in patients with HCC.Patients with a relatively high level of WBC or TBil or those with PVTT tend to have a poorer prognosis,and the application of TIPS treatment in such patients should be determined with caution.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Jianpi Yishen Xiezhuo Decoction on residual renal function and immune function in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing peritoneal dialysis.Methods:Randomized controlled trial study was performed. A total of 102 end-stage renal patients with peritoneal dialysis in the Shehong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from March 2021 to March 2023 were selected as the observation objects, and were divided into 2 groups by random number table method, with 51 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional Western medicine therapy on the basis of peritoneal dialysis, and the observation group was given Jianpi Yishen Xiezhuo Decoction on the basis of peritoneal dialysis. Both groups were treated continuously for 3 months. TCM syndrome score was performed before and after treatment, and serum SCr and BUN levels were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. The levels of CD3 +, CD4 + and CD8 + were detected by flow cytometry; the ratio of CD4 +/CD8 + was calculated; the levels of IL-2, CXC chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were detected by ELISA. 24 h urine was collected and 24 h urine protein quantification (24 hUP) was performed by automatic urine routine analyzer. The adverse reactions during treatment were recorded and the clinical efficacy was evaluated. Results:The total effective rate was 92.16% (47/51) in the observation group and 76.47% (39/51) in the control group, with statistical significance ( χ2=4.74, P=0.029). After treatment, fatigue (1.78±0.47 vs. 2.17±0.51, t=4.02), waist and knee weakness (1.90±0.52 vs. 2.29±0.59, t=3.54), lethargy and less food (2.03±0.55 vs. 2.65±0.70, t=4.97), thick-coated tongue (2.26±0.68 vs. 2.98±0.75, t=5.08) and total scores (7.97±2.22 vs. 10.09±2.55, t=4.48) were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01); serum SCr [(296.12±30.27) mmol/L vs. (326.81±32.43) mmol/L, t=4.94], BUN [(12.19±3.02) mmol/L vs. (16.88±3.64) mmol/L, t=7.08], 24 hUP [(1.22±0.35) g vs. (1.75±0.42) g, t=6.92] were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01); the level of CD3 + [(54.76±5.21) % vs. (50.03±4.90) %, t=4.72], CD4 + [(56.33±5.09) % vs. (52.18±5.33) %, t=4.02] and CD4 +/CD8 + [(1.98±0.39) vs. (1.67±0.34), t=4.28] was higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01), and the level of CD8 + [(28.43±2.58) % vs. (31.29±2.47) %, t=5.72] was lower than that of control group ( P<0.01). Serum IL-2 [(46.49±6.07) μg/L vs. (53.43±7.08) μg/L, t=5.31], CXCL9 [(16.32±3.45) μg/L vs. (19.98±3.53) μg/L, t=5.30] and hs-CRP [(11.22±3.85) mg/L vs. (15.75±3.92) mg/L, t=5.89] were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). During treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions was 11.76% (6/51) in the observation group and 7.84% (4/51) in the control group, without statistical significance ( χ2=0.44, P=0.505). Conclusion:Jianpi Yishen Xiezhuo Decoction can effectively improve the TCM syndrome and residual kidney function of patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing peritoneal dialysis, enhance their immunity, inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors, and improve clinical efficacy with good safety.

Objective To explore the impact of the intervention model based on self-efficacy theory on fear of progression (FoP), negative emotions, and cancer-related fatigue in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods The clinical data of 94 patients with primary liver cancer were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into control group and observation group according to different intervention methods, with 47 patients in each group. The control group received routine nursing mode after discharge, while the observation group received intervention model based on self-efficacy theory. Both groups were intervened for 3 months after discharge. The self-efficacy[General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES)]at discharge and one- and three-month after discharge, FoP[Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF)], negative emotions[Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS)], cancer-related fatigue[Revised Piper Fatigue Scale (R-PFS)], and quality of life[Quality of Life Questionnaire for Liver Cancer Patients (QOL-LC V2.0)] at discharge and three-month after discharge were compared between the two groups. Results One month and three months after discharge, the GSES scores of both groups gradually increased compared to those at discharge, and the scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Three months after discharge, the total and sub-dimension scores of FoP-Q-SF, SAS scores, SDS scores, and R-PFS were lower in both groups compared to those at discharge, and the observation group had lower scores than the control group (P < 0.05). Three months after discharge, the total and sub-dimension scores of QOL-LC V2.0 were higher in both groups compared to those at discharge, and the observation group had higher scores than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The intervention model based on self-efficacy theory can enhance the self-efficacy of patients with primary liver cancer after TACE, relieve negative emotions and severity of FoP, improve cancer-related fatigue, and enhance the quality of life.

Objective:To summarize the best evidence of psychological intervention for patients receiving assisted reproductive technology (ART).Methods:All evidence on psychological interventions for patients receiving ART was searched in UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, Joanna Briggs Institute, GIN, NICE, NGC, SIGN, CMA Infobase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, CINHAL, Embase, psycINFO, China Guideline Clearinghouse (CGC), guides in medlive.cn, CNKI, Wanfang Data, SinoMed, and VIP databases. The evidence retrieved included clinical practice, recommendations, guidelines, expert opinions, consensus, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and the search time limit was from the establishment of the database to January 2023. Two researchers conducted evidence extraction, aggregation, and quality evaluation.Results:A total of 797 references were obtained at the initial retrieval, and 27 papers were finally included, including 1 clinical best practice, 2 guidelines, 1 recommended practice, and 23 systematic evaluations. The evidence summary summarized 16 best evidences, including four aspects of psychological assessment, psychological intervention, drug treatment and personnel training for ART patients, of which 50% were class 1 evidences and 87.5% of the evidences were recommended with strength A.Conclusions:Enhanced personnel training in assisted reproduction facilities and early identification of the psychological state of infertile patients by medical staff and targeted psychological intervention or medication are the key to improving the psychological status of ART patients.

Objective:To form the expert consensus on screening and evaluation of dysphagia with oral cancer patients (abbreviated as Consensus) , so as to standardize the relevant contents of screening and evaluation of dysphagia in the whole cycle of oral cancer. Methods:By referring to domestic and foreign literature related to dysphagia, combining with the specialty characteristics of oral cancer and the clinical experience of experts, a preliminary consensus was formed through in-depth interviews with experts. A total of 21 experts were selected for three rounds of expert letter consultation and expert meeting, the corresponding items were sorted out, analyzed and modified based on expert opinions, and the Consensus was finally formed. Results:The effective recovery rates of the three rounds of correspondence were 100.00% (21/21) , the expert authority coefficient was 0.91, the variation coefficient of each item was 0.04-0.20, and Kendall's harmony coefficient was 0.05 ( P<0.05) . The final consensus included four aspects, such as the effect of oral cancer on swallowing, the clinical manifestations of dysphagia, the basic procedures of screening and evaluation and the prevention and treatment of complications during evaluation. Conclusions:This Consensus is scientific and practical, which can provide clinical guidance for the screening and evaluation of dysphagia in the whole cycle of oral cancer.

BACKGROUND: Nasal insertion is the preferred method for non-intubated patients in flexible bronchoscopy; however, the relatively narrow nasal cavity results in difficulties related to bronchoscope insertion. This study aimed to investigate whether pre-operative nasal probe tests could reduce the time to pass the glottis, improve the first-pass success rate and patients' tolerance, and reduce postoperative bleeding. METHODS: This three-arm prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary hospital between May and October 2020. Three hundred patients requiring diagnosis and treatment using flexible bronchoscopy were randomly allocated to three groups: control group, simple cotton bud detection group (CD group), and adrenaline + lidocaine detection group (AD group). The primary outcome was the time to pass the glottis. Secondary outcomes included the first-pass success rate, the patients' tolerance scores, and post-operative bleeding. One-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and Bonferroni's multiple comparison tests were used in this study. RESULTS: In total, 189 men and 111 women were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 55.72 ± 12.86 years. The insertion time was significantly shorter in the AD group than in the control group (18.00 s [12.00-26.50 s] vs . 24.00 s [14.50-45.50 s], P = 0.005). Both the AD (99% vs . 83%, χ2 = 15.62, P < 0.001) and CD groups (94% vs . 83%, χ2 = 5.94, P = 0.015) had a significantly higher first-pass success rate than the control group. Compared with the control group, post-operative bleeding (1% vs . 13%, χ2 = 11.06, P < 0.001) was significantly lower in the AD group. However, no significant difference was found in the patients' tolerance scores. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-operative nasal cavity probe tests especially with adrenaline and lidocaine during flexible bronchoscopy can significantly reduce the time to pass the glottis, improve the first-pass success rate, and reduce post-operative nasal bleeding. Pre-operative nasal probe tests are recommended as a time-saving procedure for patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), ChiCTR2000032668; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=53321 .
Adult ; Aged ; Bronchoscopes ; Bronchoscopy/methods* ; Epinephrine/therapeutic use* ; Female ; Humans ; Lidocaine/therapeutic use* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Hemorrhage/prevention & control* ; Prospective Studies