Objective:To explore the distribution characteristics of HBsAg levels in treatment-na?ve and treatment-experienced patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in China.Methods:Data were obtained from the China Registry of Hepatitis B (CR-HepB) platform from the establishment of the platform to April 11, 2024. Patients with CHB who were treatment-na?ve and treatment-experienced with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) were included. Relevant clinical data were collected. The distribution of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) status, as well as the levels in populations of different age groups after different antiviral treatment durations, were retrospectively analyzed. Normally and non-normally distributed measured data were represented by Mean± SD, and M( Q1, Q3). Results:A total of 13 505 treatment-na?ve patients and 6 390 treatment-experienced patients were included in the analysis. The proportions of treatment-na?ve patients with HBsAg<100, <500, and <1 500 IU/mL were 10.51%, 28.47%, and 46.85%, and the corresponding proportions of treatment-experienced patients were 12.88%, 29.84%, and 52.07%. The proportions of treatment-na?ve patients with HBsAg levels≥1 500, ≥3 000, and≥8 000 IU/mL were 53.15%, 38.17%, and 15.62%, and the corresponding proportions of treatment-experienced patients were 47.93%, 31.77%, and 10.39%. HBsAg level showed a trend of gradual decrease with the increase of antiviral treatment time. The proportion of treatment-experienced patients with HBsAg<100 IU/mL increased from 12.73% when the treatment duration was less than three years to 26.92% when the treatment duration was≥10 years, while the proportion of patients with HBsAg levels≥3 000 IU/mL or≥8 000 IU/mL decreased from 34.66% to 23.08% and from 12.19% to 5.77%, respectively. The proportion of patients with HBsAg<100, <500, and<1 500 IU/mL increased with age, while the proportion of patients with HBsAg≥1 500, ≥3 000, and ≥8 000 IU/mL decreased sequentially.Conclusions:The CR-HepB platform provides a basis for clarifying the serum HBsAg levels in treatment-na?ve and treatment-experienced CHB patients in China. The HBsAg status indicates that with a prolonged antiviral treatment duration, there is a gradual decline trend in HBsAg level.

Objective:To explore the distribution characteristics of HBsAg levels in treatment-na?ve and treatment-experienced patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in China.Methods:Data were obtained from the China Registry of Hepatitis B (CR-HepB) platform from the establishment of the platform to April 11, 2024. Patients with CHB who were treatment-na?ve and treatment-experienced with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) were included. Relevant clinical data were collected. The distribution of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) status, as well as the levels in populations of different age groups after different antiviral treatment durations, were retrospectively analyzed. Normally and non-normally distributed measured data were represented by Mean± SD, and M( Q1, Q3). Results:A total of 13 505 treatment-na?ve patients and 6 390 treatment-experienced patients were included in the analysis. The proportions of treatment-na?ve patients with HBsAg<100, <500, and <1 500 IU/mL were 10.51%, 28.47%, and 46.85%, and the corresponding proportions of treatment-experienced patients were 12.88%, 29.84%, and 52.07%. The proportions of treatment-na?ve patients with HBsAg levels≥1 500, ≥3 000, and≥8 000 IU/mL were 53.15%, 38.17%, and 15.62%, and the corresponding proportions of treatment-experienced patients were 47.93%, 31.77%, and 10.39%. HBsAg level showed a trend of gradual decrease with the increase of antiviral treatment time. The proportion of treatment-experienced patients with HBsAg<100 IU/mL increased from 12.73% when the treatment duration was less than three years to 26.92% when the treatment duration was≥10 years, while the proportion of patients with HBsAg levels≥3 000 IU/mL or≥8 000 IU/mL decreased from 34.66% to 23.08% and from 12.19% to 5.77%, respectively. The proportion of patients with HBsAg<100, <500, and<1 500 IU/mL increased with age, while the proportion of patients with HBsAg≥1 500, ≥3 000, and ≥8 000 IU/mL decreased sequentially.Conclusions:The CR-HepB platform provides a basis for clarifying the serum HBsAg levels in treatment-na?ve and treatment-experienced CHB patients in China. The HBsAg status indicates that with a prolonged antiviral treatment duration, there is a gradual decline trend in HBsAg level.

Objective:This study aims to compare the antiviral treatment similarities and differences in the population covered by the 2024 version of the World Health Organization's (WHO) hepatitis B prevention and treatment guidelines and the current Chinese hepatitis B prevention and treatment guidelines, so as to explore their impact on the indications for antiviral therapy in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods:The information of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection who did not receive antiviral treatment was collected through the registration database of the China Clinical Research Platform for Hepatitis B Elimination. Descriptive statistics were conducted on the demographic, blood, biochemical, and virological levels of patients according to the treatment recommendations of the two versions of the guidelines. The Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test were used to compare the differences and proportional distribution of the treatment populations covered by the two guidelines. The χ2 test was used to analyze the coverage rate of different antiviral treatment indications.Results:A total of 21,134 CHB patients without antiviral treatment were enrolled. 69.4% of patients met the 2024 versions of the WHO guidelines' recommendations. 85.0% of patients met the current Chinese hepatitis B prevention and treatment guidelines. The WHO guidelines for antiviral therapy indications were met in younger patients with higher levels of ALT, AST, and APRI scores, as well as greater proportion of patients with higher viral loads (P<0.001). The WHO guidelines recommended a cut-off value of APRI>0.5, which raised the proportion of patients on antiviral therapy from 6.6% to 30.9%. 45.7% of patients met the antiviral indications for HBV DNA >2000 IU/ml with abnormal transaminase (ALT>30 U/L for males and ALT>19 U/L for females). The reduced APRI diagnostic cut-off value and ALT treatment threshold had further increased the treatment coverage rate by 91.6% in patients with chronic HBV infection in line with the 2024 versions of WHO guidelines.Conclusion:The reduction of the APRI diagnostic cut-off value and the ALT treatment threshold, based on the current hepatitis B guidelines of China, will further improve the treatment coverage of CHB patients.

Ischemic stroke(IS)is the main cause of neurological dysfunction in adults in China,and rapid,timely,and accurate prediction of post-stroke outcome and intervention treatment are crucial.Currently,the prognosis of ischemic stroke mainly relies on neuroimaging and clinical assessment,and there is still a lack of objective and simple rapid prediction tools.Recent studies have shown that early measurement of peripheral blood-derived biomarkers may be able to predict stroke patient outcomes,thereby optimizing stroke management,improving patient rehabilitation,and improving stroke outcomes.This article reviews the progress of studies on the correlation between peripheral blood biomarkers and clinical prognosis of ischemic stroke.

Objective To explore the effect of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) with helmet or facial mask on clinical efficacy, tolerability, and prognosis in patients with acute respiratory failure. Methods Fifty patients with acute respiratory failure according to the inclusion criteria were recruited from January 2018 to July 2018 in Emergency Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Included patients were randomly allocated into the helmet group or facial mask group. Based on conventional drug therapy, pressure support mode was performed with the interface of the helmet or facial mask. Oxygenation index, arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure, and respiratory rates were measured before and after the treatment, and the data were compared and analyzed by the repeated measures ANOVA. Tolerance score, complication rate, tracheal intubation rate, and mortality rate were recorded at each observation time point of the two groups. Results The oxygenation index before NIV, at 4 h and at the end of NIV treatment of the helmet group were significantly increased from (160.29±50.32) mmHg to (249.29±83.47) mmHg and (259.24±87.09) mmHg; the oxygenation index of the facial mask group were increased from (168.63±38.63) mmHg to (225.00±74.96) mmHg and (217.69±77.80) mmHg, and there was no significant difference within the two groups (P <0.05). The respiratory rates before NIV, at 4 h and at the end of NIV treatment of the helmet group were obviously decreased from (27.60±7.64) breaths/min to (17.92±4.55) breaths/min and (16.88±3.90) breaths/min; the respiratory rates of the facial mask group were decreased from (24.68±6.14) breaths/min to (20.36±4.25) breaths/min and (19.68±3.34) breaths/min, and the differences within the two groups were statistically significant (P <0.05). However, there were no significant differences on oxygenation index and respiratory rates between the helmet group and facial mask group (P >0.05). Patients in the helmet was better tolerated than those in the facial mask group [ratio of good tolerance 96％ (24/25) vs 56％ (14/25) (P = 0.001) and fully tolerance 80％ (20/25) vs 36％ (9/25) (P =0.002)] and had less complications (1/25 vs 10/25, P = 0.002). 84％ patients in the helmet group and 76％ patients in the facial mask group were successfully weaned and discharged after NIV treatment (P =0.480). Conclusions Similar clinical efficacy in improving blood gas exchange and relieving dyspnea were observed in the helmet group and the facial mask group in patients with acute respiratory failure. However, the helmet is better tolerant, and had lower complication rate, which is especially suitable for patients with chest trauma combined with facial injuries.

Objective To introduce the Chinese version of nurse competence scale ( NCS ) for evaluation of clinical nurse competence. Methods The NCS was translated and adapted according to the cross-cultural adaptation process being recommended by the American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons ( AAOS) Outcomes Committee. Results The internal consistency coefficient of Chinese version scale was 0. 969. The I-CVI of each item was among 0. 83-1. 0. And the S-CVI/Ave was 0. 913. Conclusions The Chinese version of NCS demonstrates good reliability and content validity, but its psychometric properties need further tests.

On the basis of previous researches, we have prepared Bovine hemoglobin-loaded nanoparticles (HbP), using the double emulsion method. More mild dispersing treatment was employed during the primary and secondary emulsion; over 97% encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and an average size about 286 nm were achieved by using surfactants, screening solvents, as well as avoiding the traditional strong dispersing process. The value of Hydrophile-lipophile balance in oil phase exerted a significant effect on EE% and led to higher EE% when matched with the surfactants in outer aqueous phase. When compared with the sole solvent Span80, the mixed surfactants such as Poloxemer188/Span80 stabilized the emulsion more efficiently and increased the EE%. The higher concentration of surfactants resulted in higher EE% and narrower size distribution. But over some amount, the surfactants had no significant effect on EE%, resulting in larger size and polydispersity index (PDI). The appropriate removal rate of solvents contributes to higher EE%, smaller size and PDI.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Blood Substitutes ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Cattle ; Emulsions ; Hemoglobins ; chemistry ; Humans ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Solvents ; chemistry ; Surface-Active Agents ; chemistry

Three dimensional structure of the surface is an important factor that influences the mass transfer behavior of hemoglobin-based nanocapsule surface. In this paper, the modified double emulsion method was used to fabricate the blood substitute of hemoglobin-based nanocapsules, and with the use of different molecular weight of PEG as probes, the effects of different technical conditions (such as primary emulsion, double emulsion, polymer, solvent, et al) in the processing on the three dimensional structure of the nanocapsule surface were investigated in details. Researches indicated that the water-soluable solvent, such as ethyl acetate and acetone could effectively modulate the pore size of the nanocapsule surface. With the increasing of the ratio of water-soluble solvent, the pore size of the nanocapsules firstly increased and then decreased. The increasing of the extra-water volume, the prolongation of the solvent evaporation time, and the improvement of the stirring speed resulted in a bigger pore size, but the increasing of the solvent volume and PEG polymer could reduce the pore size of nanocapsule surface.
Acetone ; chemistry ; Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Blood Substitutes ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Cattle ; Emulsions ; Hemoglobins ; chemistry ; Nanocapsules ; chemistry ; Porosity ; Solvents ; Surface Properties

Hemoglobin-loaded nano-sized particles with oxygen carrying capacity were prepared. All experiments were performed using biodegradable polymer poly (polyepsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) as matrix polymer. Optimized preparation parameters led to nanoparticles with well-defined characteristics such as size <200 nm, P50 27 mmHg and high encapsulation efficiency up to 99.4%. The results of in vitro and vivo studies suggested that Hb-loaded particles did not activate complements. After the nanoparticles suspension was injected into the mice via tail vein, the particles did not cause significant changes in total platelet counts. Apparently, the hemoglobin-loaded nanoparticles can serve as a potential candidate in substitution for red cells.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Blood Substitutes ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Cattle ; Hemoglobins ; chemistry ; Materials Testing ; Mice ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Polyesters ; chemistry

The progress of researches on drug-loaded nanoparticles was summarized in this review. The major emphasis was laid on the selection of wall polymers, technology of preparation, surface modification, investigation of release in vitro and biocompatibility evaluation. Additionally, we envisioned a perspective regarding the development in this field. With the development of synthesis of biodegradable polymer, with the appearance of novel equipment, and with the deep-going studies on modification of nanoparticles surface method, on fabrication of nanoparticles art as well as on evaluation of drug release and reaction between drug and organ, further researches in this field will open up the way to applications of drug-loaded nanoparticles in larger field.
Capsules ; administration & dosage ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Compounding ; trends ; Nanomedicine ; trends ; Nanoparticles ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Polyesters ; chemistry