Background Air pollution remains a critical public health issue, with persistent exposure to air pollutants continuing to pose significant health risks. Currently, research investigating the association between air pollution and myocardial infarction mortality in Shenzhen remains inadequate. Objective To quantitatively assess the association between air pollutants and myocardial infarction mortality in residents. Methods Based on the mortality surveillance system of Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, we conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study of 10089 permanent residents who died from myocardial infarction in Shenzhen between 2013 and 2022. Using residential address information, we obtained individual-level exposure data for air pollutants from the China High Air Pollutants dataset and meteorological factors from the China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System. A time-stratified case-crossover study design was employed to construct a conditional logistic regression model to assess the association between short-term exposure to air pollutants and myocardial infarction mortality. The exposure-response relationship was visualized, and a comprehensive health risk assessment was performed. Results This study included a total of 10 089 cases of myocardial infarction deaths in Shenzhen. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM₁₀), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O₃) in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2022 were 24.59 (20.19) μg·m⁻³, 42.85 (28.42) μg·m⁻³, 8.53 (3.39) μg·m⁻³, 29.47 (13.56) μg·m⁻³, 0.77 (0.27) mg·m⁻³, and 86.53 (51.39) μg·m⁻³, respectively. The moving average concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ over the current day and the previous 2 days (lag02) showed the highest risk of myocardial infarction mortality, with an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of 1.004 (1.001, 1.007) and 1.004 (1.002, 1.006), respectively. At lag05, SO₂ demonstrated the strongest association with the risk of myocardial infarction mortality, with an OR (95%CI) of 1.042 (1.019, 1.065). The exposure-response relationships of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and SO₂ with myocardial infarction mortality were approximately linear, whereas NO₂ exhibited a nonlinear relationship. At lag05, the highest risk of myocardial infarction mortality associated with NO₂ exposure was observed when the NO₂ concentration was ≤21.92 μg·m⁻³, with an OR (95% CI) of 1.024 (1.003, 1.046). The health risk assessment indicated that, using the WHO Air Quality Guidelines as the reference, the local PM_2.5 and NO₂ exposure led to an excess mortality of 398 and 298 cases, respectively. The sensitivity analysis revealed that after adjusting for O₃ and restricting the study period to 2013—2019, the effect estimates for PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, and SO₂ on myocardial infarction mortality slightly increased. Conclusion Short-term exposure to air pollutants, including PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, and SO₂, could increase the risk of myocardial infarction mortality. This study provides important scientific evidence for environmental health risk assessment and environmental management in Shenzhen.

Linxian County in Henan Province, Northern China is known as the region with the highest incidence and mortality rate of esophageal cancer worldwide. Since 1959, the Henan medical team has conducted field work on esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian. Through three generations of effort exerted by oncologists over 65 years of research on esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian, the incidence rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in this area has dropped by nearly 50%, and the 5-year survival rate has increased to 40%, reaching the international leading level. This article aims to summarize the history, present opportunities and new challenges, and explore the experience of esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian (referred to as the “Linxian experience”), providing reference and guidance to cancer prevention and treatment research in China.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate and analyze the resource allocation and surveillance status of hospital-associated infections in secondary and above healthcare facilities in Anhui province.METHODS Secondary and above healthcare institutions in 16 cities were selected in Mar.2023 by convenient sampling meth-od,and self-designed questionnaire was administered by'wenjuanxing'to investigate the characteristics of health-care facilities,the management and surveillance of hospital-acquired infections.RESULTS A total of 302 medical facilities,including 88 tertiary and 195 comprehensive facilities,completed the survey.All tertiary healthcare fa-cilities set up the independent departments for hospital-associated infections,while 12.15%of secondary health-care facilities did not.Totally 17.22%of healthcare facilities did not meet the standard requirements of ratio of full-time equivalents to beds,while the unqualified rate of tertiary healthcare facilities(25.00%)was higher than that of secondary healthcare facilities(14.02%).The full-time equivalents were mainly in nursing(64.89%),and relatively insufficient in other specialties.All tertiary healthcare facilities had carried out comprehensive surveil-lance,however,secondary healthcare facilities still needed to be improved.The allocation ratio of surveillance in-formation for system hospital-associated infection was 37.42%in tertiary healthcare facilities,but only 18.69%in secondary.CONCLUSIONS The hospital-associated infection management system of certain healthcare facilities in Anhui province still calls for improving,more personnel numbers and specialties are required.Besides,the con-struction of information system urgently needs to be strengthened.At the same time,more attention should be paid to secondary healthcare facilities,which should be supplied for more resources,carry out basic monitoring work to reduce hospital-associated infections and ensure patients'safety.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the changes in monitoring indicators related to healthcare-associated infections(HAIs)management in Anhui Province in 2018 and 2022,to provide a scientific basis for optimizing HAI control strategies.METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2019 and 2023 across 48 secondary and tertia-ry medical institutions,HAI data were collected and analyzed.RESULTS The two-year averages of monitoring indi-cators were as follows:the incidence rate of HAIs was 0.66％,the prevalence rate of HAIs was 1.69％,the inci-dence rate of surgical site infection for class I incisions was 0.20％,the antibiotic usage rate was 44.59％,the pathogen detection rate for therapeutic antibiotics was 43.76％,the incidence rate of catheter-related blood-stream infection(CRBSI)was 0.64‰,the incidence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)was 5.81‰,and the incidence rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection(CAUTI)was 0.79‰.By 2022,significant im-provements were observed in most indicators(P＜0.05).Compared to tertiary hospitals,secondary hospitals ex-hibited low rates of hospital infection incidence,prevalence,class I incision infections,antibiotic utilization and CRBSI,but high rates of VAP and CAUTI(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS Significant improvements have been made in monitoring indicators related to HAI managements in Anhui Province.However,secondary hospitals still need to enhance their capabilities of monitoring indicators and detecting pathogens.

Objective:To summarize the characteristics and management experience of pregnancy after bariatric surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on four pregnant patients who had undergone pre-pregnant bariatric surgery and delivered at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, from January 2021 to December 2023. The analysis included the type of bariatric surgery, the interval between bariatric surgery and pregnancy, pregnancy complications, and neonatal birth conditions. Descriptive statistical analysis was used.Results:Among the four patients, two were primiparas and two were multiparas. All patients were obese (body mass index≥27.5 kg/m2) before undergoing sleeve gastrectomy. Before the current pregnancy, three patients had a normal body mass index, while one patient remained obese (body mass index 30.5 kg/m2). The interval between bariatric surgery and pregnancy exceeded one year for three patients (14, 14, and 60 months, respectively), while one patient became pregnant 10 months after surgery. Three patients developed normocytic anemia in early pregnancy, with the lowest hemoglobin levels of 101 to 106 g/L. After nutritional guidance and medication, hemoglobin levels returned to normal before delivery. One patient experienced a threatened late miscarriage at 26 weeks of gestation, which was successfully managed with tocolytic therapy. One patient was diagnosed with gestational diabetes at 27 weeks of gestation and achieved satisfactory blood glucose control through dietary and exercise guidance. Oral glucose tolerance tests for all four patients showed low fasting blood glucose levels (3.8-4.5 mmol/L) and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels (3.5-6.1 mmol/L). All four patients delivered at term, with no cases of small for gestational age infants.Conclusions:Pregnancy after bariatric surgery is prone to maternal nutrient deficiencies and blood glucose fluctuations. Multidisciplinary collaborative management and individualized nutritional guidance are recommended to reduce the risk of related complications.

Objective:To summarize the characteristics and management experience of pregnancy after bariatric surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on four pregnant patients who had undergone pre-pregnant bariatric surgery and delivered at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, from January 2021 to December 2023. The analysis included the type of bariatric surgery, the interval between bariatric surgery and pregnancy, pregnancy complications, and neonatal birth conditions. Descriptive statistical analysis was used.Results:Among the four patients, two were primiparas and two were multiparas. All patients were obese (body mass index≥27.5 kg/m2) before undergoing sleeve gastrectomy. Before the current pregnancy, three patients had a normal body mass index, while one patient remained obese (body mass index 30.5 kg/m2). The interval between bariatric surgery and pregnancy exceeded one year for three patients (14, 14, and 60 months, respectively), while one patient became pregnant 10 months after surgery. Three patients developed normocytic anemia in early pregnancy, with the lowest hemoglobin levels of 101 to 106 g/L. After nutritional guidance and medication, hemoglobin levels returned to normal before delivery. One patient experienced a threatened late miscarriage at 26 weeks of gestation, which was successfully managed with tocolytic therapy. One patient was diagnosed with gestational diabetes at 27 weeks of gestation and achieved satisfactory blood glucose control through dietary and exercise guidance. Oral glucose tolerance tests for all four patients showed low fasting blood glucose levels (3.8-4.5 mmol/L) and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels (3.5-6.1 mmol/L). All four patients delivered at term, with no cases of small for gestational age infants.Conclusions:Pregnancy after bariatric surgery is prone to maternal nutrient deficiencies and blood glucose fluctuations. Multidisciplinary collaborative management and individualized nutritional guidance are recommended to reduce the risk of related complications.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate and analyze the resource allocation and surveillance status of hospital-associated infections in secondary and above healthcare facilities in Anhui province.METHODS Secondary and above healthcare institutions in 16 cities were selected in Mar.2023 by convenient sampling meth-od,and self-designed questionnaire was administered by'wenjuanxing'to investigate the characteristics of health-care facilities,the management and surveillance of hospital-acquired infections.RESULTS A total of 302 medical facilities,including 88 tertiary and 195 comprehensive facilities,completed the survey.All tertiary healthcare fa-cilities set up the independent departments for hospital-associated infections,while 12.15%of secondary health-care facilities did not.Totally 17.22%of healthcare facilities did not meet the standard requirements of ratio of full-time equivalents to beds,while the unqualified rate of tertiary healthcare facilities(25.00%)was higher than that of secondary healthcare facilities(14.02%).The full-time equivalents were mainly in nursing(64.89%),and relatively insufficient in other specialties.All tertiary healthcare facilities had carried out comprehensive surveil-lance,however,secondary healthcare facilities still needed to be improved.The allocation ratio of surveillance in-formation for system hospital-associated infection was 37.42%in tertiary healthcare facilities,but only 18.69%in secondary.CONCLUSIONS The hospital-associated infection management system of certain healthcare facilities in Anhui province still calls for improving,more personnel numbers and specialties are required.Besides,the con-struction of information system urgently needs to be strengthened.At the same time,more attention should be paid to secondary healthcare facilities,which should be supplied for more resources,carry out basic monitoring work to reduce hospital-associated infections and ensure patients'safety.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the changes in monitoring indicators related to healthcare-associated infections(HAIs)management in Anhui Province in 2018 and 2022,to provide a scientific basis for optimizing HAI control strategies.METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2019 and 2023 across 48 secondary and tertia-ry medical institutions,HAI data were collected and analyzed.RESULTS The two-year averages of monitoring indi-cators were as follows:the incidence rate of HAIs was 0.66％,the prevalence rate of HAIs was 1.69％,the inci-dence rate of surgical site infection for class I incisions was 0.20％,the antibiotic usage rate was 44.59％,the pathogen detection rate for therapeutic antibiotics was 43.76％,the incidence rate of catheter-related blood-stream infection(CRBSI)was 0.64‰,the incidence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)was 5.81‰,and the incidence rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection(CAUTI)was 0.79‰.By 2022,significant im-provements were observed in most indicators(P＜0.05).Compared to tertiary hospitals,secondary hospitals ex-hibited low rates of hospital infection incidence,prevalence,class I incision infections,antibiotic utilization and CRBSI,but high rates of VAP and CAUTI(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS Significant improvements have been made in monitoring indicators related to HAI managements in Anhui Province.However,secondary hospitals still need to enhance their capabilities of monitoring indicators and detecting pathogens.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of fluoxetine hydrochloride capsules and escitalopram oxalate tablets in the treatment of first-episode depression disorder.Methods Eighty patients with first-episode depression disorder who were hospitalized in the 14th district of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Xiamen Xianyue Hospital from February to November 2023 were selected,and divided into fluoxetine hydrochloride capsules group(n=40)and escitalopram oxalate tablets group(n=40)according to random number method;Conducted the Hamilton depression scale(HAMD)estimates before treatment and four weeks after treatment,to analyze and compare the clinical efficacy of two groups.Results After four weeks of treatment,the HAMD scores of all patients significantly decreased compared to before treatment in this group(P＜0.01);There was no statistically significant difference between two groups(P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the total effective rate between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Escitalopram oxalate tablets and fluoxetine hydrochloride capsules were both effective in treatment of the first-episode depression disorder patients,and the total effective rates of them were similar.

Objective:To investigate the application of phase angle by bioelectrical impedance in the assessment of malnutrition and its correlation with nutrtition status as measured by several different screening tools in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods:This was a cross-sectional study, including 151 patients on MHD. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to detect body composition in hemodialysis patients. Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) scores, body mass index (BMI) and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria were used to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition in MHD patients. The correlation between phase angle and nutrition-related indicators such as visceral fat area, body weight, skeletal muscle, and serum albumin in MHD patients was analyzed, and the consistency between phase angle and the three screening tools was examined.Results:In a total of 151 patients on MHD, the malnutrition prevalence as measured by BMI, NRS 2002 score and GLIM criteria was 9.27%, 27.81% and 54.97%, respectively. Phase angle in MHD patients was positively correlated with BMI( P<0.01), negatively correlated with impaired nutrition score of NRS 2002( P<0.01), and also associated with nutrition screening results as measured by GLIM criteria( P<0.001). Further study showed that phase angle was positively correlated with body weight, skeletal muscle and serum albumin( P<0.01), but negatively with visceral fat area and extracellular water/total body water( P<0.01). Conclusions:Malnutrition is highly prevalent in MHD patients. Phase angle showed good consistency with BMI, NRS 2002 and GLIM criteria in terms of malnutrition screening, implying the potential application in the assessment of malnutrition in MHD patients. However, the clinical relevance still needs corroboration with future large-scale researches.