The theory of blood stasis originated from"The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon(huang Di Nei Jing)",and the drugs used for promoting blood stasis originated from"Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica(Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing)".Finally,the medical sage Zhang Zhong-jing first put forward the name of"blood stasis"in"Synopsis of the Golden Chamber(Jin Gui Yao Lue)",and used the method of promoting blood stasis to treat various diseases,which provided ideas for the future study on the mechanism and treatment of blood stasis syndrome.Therefore,Zhang Zhong-jing was the founder of the theory of blood stasis.Moreover,the principles,methods,prescriptions and medicines which he put forward were still appropriate effectively in the clinic.On the basis of comprehensively combing the research achievements of Zhongjing's blood stasis theory,with combination with the current research hotspots,the review gives a novel understanding of the theory,method,prescription and medicine of Zhongjing's blood stasis theory from new aspects,including etiology,pathogenesis,treatment of blood stasis theory,and the active ingredients of anti-blood stasis Chinese medicines.We intend to promote the research progress of the scientific connotation of blood stasis theory,and improve the diagnosis and treatment level of clinicians in preventing and treating difficult diseases related to blood stasis syndrome through integrated summary and novel interpretation.

The theory of blood stasis originated from"The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon(huang Di Nei Jing)",and the drugs used for promoting blood stasis originated from"Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica(Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing)".Finally,the medical sage Zhang Zhong-jing first put forward the name of"blood stasis"in"Synopsis of the Golden Chamber(Jin Gui Yao Lue)",and used the method of promoting blood stasis to treat various diseases,which provided ideas for the future study on the mechanism and treatment of blood stasis syndrome.Therefore,Zhang Zhong-jing was the founder of the theory of blood stasis.Moreover,the principles,methods,prescriptions and medicines which he put forward were still appropriate effectively in the clinic.On the basis of comprehensively combing the research achievements of Zhongjing's blood stasis theory,with combination with the current research hotspots,the review gives a novel understanding of the theory,method,prescription and medicine of Zhongjing's blood stasis theory from new aspects,including etiology,pathogenesis,treatment of blood stasis theory,and the active ingredients of anti-blood stasis Chinese medicines.We intend to promote the research progress of the scientific connotation of blood stasis theory,and improve the diagnosis and treatment level of clinicians in preventing and treating difficult diseases related to blood stasis syndrome through integrated summary and novel interpretation.

Rosacea is a chronic facial inflammatory skin disease. It has been proved that heredity, immunity, neurovascular disorders, microorganisms, skin barrier damage and ultraviolet rays are closely related to the occurrence of rosacea. However, the exact pathogenesis of rosacea has not been fully elucidated. This review summarizes recent advances in the pathogenesis of rosacea in the past 5 years.

The effect and mechanism of chronic stress on psychosomatic diseases are important topics in stress research.The establishment of animal models to simulate human chronic stress is of great significance to investigations of stress responses,the pathogenesis of related diseases,clinical treatment,and drug development.In this paper,animal models of chronic stress commonly used in China and abroad are reviewed;the classification of stressors,animal selection,model construction,pathological manifestations,and evaluation indexes are summarized;and the advantages and disadvantages and application of various models are discussed.The paper provides a reference for the study and selection of models of chronic stress response.

Objective:To investigate the changes in symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as the situation of IBD treatment medication use.Methods:A cross-sectional survey study method was used. A questionnaire survey was conducted on a voluntary sampling basis for IBD patients of multiple centers nationwide from December 1st to 31st 2022, collecting clinical data of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 through nucleic acid/antigen testing. Patients were divided into symptomatic exacerbation group and asymptomatic exacerbation group based on whether they felt an exacerbation of IBD symptoms including abdominal discomfort, increased bloody stool or the appearance of purulent bloody stool, increased frequency of diarrhea, etc. And the differences in age, gender, body mass index (BMI) , underlying disease conditions, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, IBD type, disease activity, COVID-19 symptoms, and treatment medication between the two groups were compared.Results:A total of 497 patients were included, 317 males and 180 females; age (35.27±11.54) years; 355 CD patients and 142 UC patients; more than 50% of patients exhibited respiratory system symptoms such as fever, muscle soreness, fatigue, cough, expectoration, nasal congestion, and some IBD patients exhibited digestive system symptoms and nervous system symptoms. The symptomatic exacerbation group consisted of 104 patients (20.93%) , and the asymptomatic exacerbation group consisted of 393 (79.07%) . There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, BMI, underlying diseases, IBD type, and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses between the two groups (all P>0.05) . Compared with the asymptomatic exacerbation group, the proportion of patients in the disease active phase was higher [47.12% (49/104) vs. 24.68% (97/393) , P<0.001], and the proportion of patients using mesalazine/sulfasalazine was higher (35.58% vs. 23.41%, P = 0.012) , and the proportions of COVID-19 symptoms such as diarrhea, headache, and dizziness were all higher (all P<0.05) in the symptomatic exacerbation group. Among the 237 IBD patients using biologics, there was a statistically significant difference in the types of biologics used between the symptomatic and asymptomatic exacerbation groups (χ 2 = 9.351, P = 0.031) . Among the 240 patients using biologics, the proportion of delaying or interrupting the use of biologics was higher in symptomatic exacerbation group than that of the asymptomatic exacerbation group, and the difference was statistically significant [45.45% (20/44) vs. 23.98% (47/196) , χ 2 = 8.235, P = 0.004]. Among the 47 patients using immunosuppressants, there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of stopping immunosuppressants between the symptomatic and asymptomatic exacerbation groups ( P = 0.263) . Conclusion:The main symptoms of IBD patients infected with COVID-19 are respiratory and systemic symptoms, and those in the active phase of the disease or those delaying or withdrawing biologics are more likely to experience an exacerbation of IBD symptoms during the infection.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Mito TEMPO on the preservation of porcine semen in liquid form.The preservation solution was supplemented with 0,0.5,5.0,50.0,and 500.0 μmol/L of Mito TEMPO,and the diluted boar semen was stored at 17 ℃ for 1 to 5 days.After preservation,we measured sperm motility,acrosome integrity,plasma membrane integrity,reactive oxygen species(ROS)content,total antioxidant capacity,and mitochondrial membrane potential.The fertilization ability and embryonic development potential of sperm preserved for 5 days were assessed using an in vitro fertilization test.The results indicated that the addition of 5.0,50.0 μmol/L of Mito TEMPO to the preservation solution significantly reduced ROS content and improved sperm motility,plasma membrane integrity,acrosome integrity,mitochondrial membrane potential,and antioxidant capacity.Furthermore,it enhanced the fertilization and embryonic devel-opment potential of the preserved sperm.Therefore,Mito TEMPO is beneficial for the preservation of porcine semen in liquid form and may serve as a foundation for the development of liquid semen preservation solutions.

Objective:To investigate the changes in symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as the situation of IBD treatment medication use.Methods:A cross-sectional survey study method was used. A questionnaire survey was conducted on a voluntary sampling basis for IBD patients of multiple centers nationwide from December 1st to 31st 2022, collecting clinical data of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 through nucleic acid/antigen testing. Patients were divided into symptomatic exacerbation group and asymptomatic exacerbation group based on whether they felt an exacerbation of IBD symptoms including abdominal discomfort, increased bloody stool or the appearance of purulent bloody stool, increased frequency of diarrhea, etc. And the differences in age, gender, body mass index (BMI) , underlying disease conditions, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, IBD type, disease activity, COVID-19 symptoms, and treatment medication between the two groups were compared.Results:A total of 497 patients were included, 317 males and 180 females; age (35.27±11.54) years; 355 CD patients and 142 UC patients; more than 50% of patients exhibited respiratory system symptoms such as fever, muscle soreness, fatigue, cough, expectoration, nasal congestion, and some IBD patients exhibited digestive system symptoms and nervous system symptoms. The symptomatic exacerbation group consisted of 104 patients (20.93%) , and the asymptomatic exacerbation group consisted of 393 (79.07%) . There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, BMI, underlying diseases, IBD type, and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses between the two groups (all P>0.05) . Compared with the asymptomatic exacerbation group, the proportion of patients in the disease active phase was higher [47.12% (49/104) vs. 24.68% (97/393) , P<0.001], and the proportion of patients using mesalazine/sulfasalazine was higher (35.58% vs. 23.41%, P = 0.012) , and the proportions of COVID-19 symptoms such as diarrhea, headache, and dizziness were all higher (all P<0.05) in the symptomatic exacerbation group. Among the 237 IBD patients using biologics, there was a statistically significant difference in the types of biologics used between the symptomatic and asymptomatic exacerbation groups (χ 2 = 9.351, P = 0.031) . Among the 240 patients using biologics, the proportion of delaying or interrupting the use of biologics was higher in symptomatic exacerbation group than that of the asymptomatic exacerbation group, and the difference was statistically significant [45.45% (20/44) vs. 23.98% (47/196) , χ 2 = 8.235, P = 0.004]. Among the 47 patients using immunosuppressants, there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of stopping immunosuppressants between the symptomatic and asymptomatic exacerbation groups ( P = 0.263) . Conclusion:The main symptoms of IBD patients infected with COVID-19 are respiratory and systemic symptoms, and those in the active phase of the disease or those delaying or withdrawing biologics are more likely to experience an exacerbation of IBD symptoms during the infection.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Mito TEMPO on the preservation of porcine semen in liquid form.The preservation solution was supplemented with 0,0.5,5.0,50.0,and 500.0 μmol/L of Mito TEMPO,and the diluted boar semen was stored at 17 ℃ for 1 to 5 days.After preservation,we measured sperm motility,acrosome integrity,plasma membrane integrity,reactive oxygen species(ROS)content,total antioxidant capacity,and mitochondrial membrane potential.The fertilization ability and embryonic development potential of sperm preserved for 5 days were assessed using an in vitro fertilization test.The results indicated that the addition of 5.0,50.0 μmol/L of Mito TEMPO to the preservation solution significantly reduced ROS content and improved sperm motility,plasma membrane integrity,acrosome integrity,mitochondrial membrane potential,and antioxidant capacity.Furthermore,it enhanced the fertilization and embryonic devel-opment potential of the preserved sperm.Therefore,Mito TEMPO is beneficial for the preservation of porcine semen in liquid form and may serve as a foundation for the development of liquid semen preservation solutions.

Objective: To clinically validate the feasibility and accuracy of cine images acquired through the multitasking method, with no electrocardiogram gating and free-breathing, in measuring left ventricular (LV) function indices by comparing them with those acquired through the balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) method, with multiple breath-holds and electrocardiogram gating. Materials and Methods: Forty-three healthy volunteers (female:male, 30:13; mean age, 23.1 ± 2.3 years) and 36 patients requiring an assessment of LV function for various clinical indications (female:male, 22:14; 57.8 ± 11.3 years) were enrolled in this prospective study. Each participant underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the multiple breath-hold bSSFP method and free-breathing multitasking method. LV function parameters were measured for both MRI methods. Image quality was assessed through subjective image quality scores (1 to 5) and calculation of the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between the myocardium and blood pool. Differences between the two MRI methods were analyzed using the Bland–Altman plot, paired t-test, or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, as appropriate. Results: LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was not significantly different between the two MRI methods (P = 0.222 in healthy volunteers and P = 0.343 in patients). LV end-diastolic mass was slightly overestimated with multitasking in both healthy volunteers (multitasking vs. bSSFP, 60.5 ± 10.7 g vs. 58.0 ± 10.4 g, respectively; P < 0.001) and patients (69.4 ± 18.1 g vs. 66.8 ± 18.0 g, respectively; P = 0.003). Acceptable and comparable image quality was achieved for both MRI methods (multitasking vs. bSSFP, 4.5 ± 0.7 vs. 4.6 ± 0.6, respectively; P = 0.203). The CNR between the myocardium and blood pool showed no significant differences between the two MRI methods (18.89 ± 6.65 vs. 18.19 ± 5.83, respectively; P = 0.480). Conclusion Multitasking-derived cine images obtained without electrocardiogram gating and breath-holding achieved similar image quality and accurate quantification of LVEF in healthy volunteers and patients.

Objective:To investigate the disability status of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in China and to identify the influencing factors of the inflammatory bowel disease disability index (IBD-DI).Methods:From October 1 to December 31, 2021, a total of 1 170 IBD patients were recruited from 7 IBD centers and WeChat public platforms in China. All the patients were surveyed by the IBD-DI questionnaire, which included demographic information, disease activity, medication history, treatment and surgical history. Demographic information included gender, age, income status, etc. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of IBD-DI.Results:Among the 1 170 IBD patients, 746 patients (63.76%) were male and 424 patients (36.24%) were female; there were 871 cases (74.44%) of Crohn′s disease(CD), 277 cases (23.68%) of ulcerative colitis (UC) and 22 cases (1.88%) of inflammatory bowel disease undassified (IBDU). The age was 36.00 years old (29.00 years old, 45.00 years old), and the IBD-DI score was 9.00 (5.00, 15.00). The results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the disease activity ( β=0.65, t=22.33, P<0.001), current treatment with enteral nutrition ( β=0.09, t=3.06, P<0.001), and history of perianal surgery ( β=0.06, t=2.12, P=0.034) were influencing factors of IBD-DI in the CD patients. Disease activity ( β=0.65, t=14.37, P<0.001), household per capita annual income ( β=-0.16, t=-3.59, P<0.001), current usage of immunosuppressants ( β=0.12, t=2.66, P=0.008), current treatment with enteral nutrition ( β=0.12, t=2.57, P=0.011), and the duration of each exercise ( β=-0.12, t=-2.67, P=0.008) were influencing factors of IBD-DI in UC patients. Conclusions:Disability is common in Chinese IBD patients, and their IBD-DI were different. Disease activity is the most important factor affecting IBD-DI. The IBD-DI is higher in IBD patients receiving enteral nutrition treatment, CD patients with a history of perianal surgery and UC patients with current usage of immunosuppressants. However, household per capita annual income and the duration of each exercise are negatively correlated with IBD-DI in UC patients.