The 2021 version of the Baveno Ⅶ consensus on portal hypertension and the 2023 guidelines from the European Association for the Study of the Liver define recompensated cirrhosis as the restoration and stabilization of liver function, improvement of liver fibrosis, and absence of decompensated cirrhosis for a long time following effective treatment of the underlying etiology of cirrhosis. Recompensated cirrhosis has become an important research direction in the field with the gradually increasing number of these patients. Temporary recompensation, stable recompensation, and long-term recompensation are the three stages into which patients with cirrhosis are divided, based on varying recompensation stages. Clinical characteristics and prognosis are significantly different among different stages. Patients in the temporary compensation stage have significant fluctuations in their condition and poor stability, with a high risk of recurrent complications. The prognosis of patients in the stable recompensation stage is significantly affected by the cause and the type of initial decompensation event, while the condition of patients in the long-term recompensation stage is more stable, and the long-term prognosis is close to that of compensated cirrhosis. This article aims to summarize and explore the recompensation rates at different stages of liver cirrhosis, the occurrence risk of various complications and liver cancer, and long-term management and treatment following recompensation, providing new directions for future research in this field.

Objective To investigate the CT and MRI features of giant cell reparative granuloma(GCRG)in lateral skull base.Methods The CT,MRI and clinicopathological data of 8 patients with GCRG in lateral skull base were collected and analyzed.Results All of the eight lesions were unilateral and solitary(three on the left side and five on the right side),with widespread involvement affecting two or more bony structures of the lateral skull base.All lesions showed expansile and lytic bone destruction on CT scans,the margins were clear(7/8),and the sclerotic changes could be seen at the margin of all eight lesions.On MRI,the lesions revealed heterogeneous isointense and hypointense on T1WI,and heterogeneous hypointense with focal cystic changes on T2WI,without fluid-fluid levels.The enhanced scan showed heterogeneous enhancement.Seven cases extended to the middle cranial fossa,caused com-pression of the temporal lobe brain tissue,with thickened and strengthened adjacent meninges.Conclusion The GCRG in lateral skull base has certain characteristic appearances on CT and MRI;understanding these characteristic manifestations can provide a basis for accurate diagnosis.

Background:Duodenal papillary adenoma is a benign tumor with relatively low incidence but significant carcinogenesis potential.Despite the minimal invasiveness and low complication rate,endoscopic papillectomy is associated with a definite risk of recurrence for duodenal papillary adenoma.Investigating the driver genes of duodenal papillary adenoma and establishing predictive models for recurrence and malignant progression could facilitate the precision medicine.Aims:To identify the key driver genes for tumor occurrence,carcinogenesis and recurrence in duodenal papillary adenoma by integrating multi-dimensional bioinformatics approaches based on transcriptomics data,and validate clinically.Methods:Expression profiles of duodenal papillary adenoma and adenocarcinoma were obtained from the GEO database(including data sets GSE189035,GSE94919,GSE111156,and GSE102208).Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between adenomatous and normal tissues were screened.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)and pseudo-time analysis were combined to identify the core genes exhibiting an"initial rise followed by decline"expression pattern during the dynamic progression from normal tissue to adenoma and adenocarcinoma.Functional annotation,immune microenvironment profiling,and protein-protein interaction network analysis were performed to explore the tumor-promoting mechanisms of these core genes.Clinical validation was conducted using immunohistochemistry to estimate the gene expression level and its relationship with tumor recurrence.Results:A total of 469 common DEGs were identified.WGCNA revealed that the blue module(including 1 051 genes)was associated with adenoma development and progression(Cor=-0.29,0.15,and 0.11 for normal tissue,adenoma,and adenocarcinoma,respectively).Intersection with DEGs pinpointed four key genes:SLC12A2,BEST4,SLC37A2,and SOAT2.Pseudo-time analysis demonstrated that only SLC12A2 maintained sustained high expression in both adenoma and adenocarcinoma tissues.KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that SLC12A2 was linked to various malignant pathways(e.g.,PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway),and its high expression correlated with the reduced immune cell infiltration(e.g.,γδ T cells,CD8+T cells,etc.).Clinical validation by immunohistochemistry confirmed the trend of initial upregulation and subsequent downregulation of SLC12A2 expression in normal,adenoma,and adenocarcinoma tissues.Patients with tumor recurrence showed higher SLC12A2 expression level(P=0.004);likewise,SLC12A2 high expression was associated with an elevated recurrence risk(P=0.034).Conclusions:SLC12A2 serves as a critical driver of tumorigenesis and progression for duodenal papillary adenoma,and might be a promising biomarker for recurrence prediction.

Background:Duodenal papillary adenoma is a benign tumor with relatively low incidence but significant carcinogenesis potential.Despite the minimal invasiveness and low complication rate,endoscopic papillectomy is associated with a definite risk of recurrence for duodenal papillary adenoma.Investigating the driver genes of duodenal papillary adenoma and establishing predictive models for recurrence and malignant progression could facilitate the precision medicine.Aims:To identify the key driver genes for tumor occurrence,carcinogenesis and recurrence in duodenal papillary adenoma by integrating multi-dimensional bioinformatics approaches based on transcriptomics data,and validate clinically.Methods:Expression profiles of duodenal papillary adenoma and adenocarcinoma were obtained from the GEO database(including data sets GSE189035,GSE94919,GSE111156,and GSE102208).Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between adenomatous and normal tissues were screened.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)and pseudo-time analysis were combined to identify the core genes exhibiting an"initial rise followed by decline"expression pattern during the dynamic progression from normal tissue to adenoma and adenocarcinoma.Functional annotation,immune microenvironment profiling,and protein-protein interaction network analysis were performed to explore the tumor-promoting mechanisms of these core genes.Clinical validation was conducted using immunohistochemistry to estimate the gene expression level and its relationship with tumor recurrence.Results:A total of 469 common DEGs were identified.WGCNA revealed that the blue module(including 1 051 genes)was associated with adenoma development and progression(Cor=-0.29,0.15,and 0.11 for normal tissue,adenoma,and adenocarcinoma,respectively).Intersection with DEGs pinpointed four key genes:SLC12A2,BEST4,SLC37A2,and SOAT2.Pseudo-time analysis demonstrated that only SLC12A2 maintained sustained high expression in both adenoma and adenocarcinoma tissues.KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that SLC12A2 was linked to various malignant pathways(e.g.,PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway),and its high expression correlated with the reduced immune cell infiltration(e.g.,γδ T cells,CD8+T cells,etc.).Clinical validation by immunohistochemistry confirmed the trend of initial upregulation and subsequent downregulation of SLC12A2 expression in normal,adenoma,and adenocarcinoma tissues.Patients with tumor recurrence showed higher SLC12A2 expression level(P=0.004);likewise,SLC12A2 high expression was associated with an elevated recurrence risk(P=0.034).Conclusions:SLC12A2 serves as a critical driver of tumorigenesis and progression for duodenal papillary adenoma,and might be a promising biomarker for recurrence prediction.

Objective To investigate the CT and MRI features of giant cell reparative granuloma(GCRG)in lateral skull base.Methods The CT,MRI and clinicopathological data of 8 patients with GCRG in lateral skull base were collected and analyzed.Results All of the eight lesions were unilateral and solitary(three on the left side and five on the right side),with widespread involvement affecting two or more bony structures of the lateral skull base.All lesions showed expansile and lytic bone destruction on CT scans,the margins were clear(7/8),and the sclerotic changes could be seen at the margin of all eight lesions.On MRI,the lesions revealed heterogeneous isointense and hypointense on T1WI,and heterogeneous hypointense with focal cystic changes on T2WI,without fluid-fluid levels.The enhanced scan showed heterogeneous enhancement.Seven cases extended to the middle cranial fossa,caused com-pression of the temporal lobe brain tissue,with thickened and strengthened adjacent meninges.Conclusion The GCRG in lateral skull base has certain characteristic appearances on CT and MRI;understanding these characteristic manifestations can provide a basis for accurate diagnosis.

The 2021 version of the Baveno Ⅶ consensus on portal hypertension and the 2023 guidelines from the European Association for the Study of the Liver define recompensated cirrhosis as the restoration and stabilization of liver function, improvement of liver fibrosis, and absence of decompensated cirrhosis for a long time following effective treatment of the underlying etiology of cirrhosis. Recompensated cirrhosis has become an important research direction in the field with the gradually increasing number of these patients. Temporary recompensation, stable recompensation, and long-term recompensation are the three stages into which patients with cirrhosis are divided, based on varying recompensation stages. Clinical characteristics and prognosis are significantly different among different stages. Patients in the temporary compensation stage have significant fluctuations in their condition and poor stability, with a high risk of recurrent complications. The prognosis of patients in the stable recompensation stage is significantly affected by the cause and the type of initial decompensation event, while the condition of patients in the long-term recompensation stage is more stable, and the long-term prognosis is close to that of compensated cirrhosis. This article aims to summarize and explore the recompensation rates at different stages of liver cirrhosis, the occurrence risk of various complications and liver cancer, and long-term management and treatment following recompensation, providing new directions for future research in this field.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of preoperative gadolinium ethoxy-benzyldiethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting microvascular invasion (MVI) and intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 304 HCC patients who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University and 10 HCC patients who were admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2021 to June 2023 were collected. There were 272 males and 42 females, aged (56±11)years. Using a random number table method, patients were divided into a training set including 220 cases and a validation set including 94 cases in a 7:3 ratio. Among the 314 patients, 106 cases had MVI and TLSs-positive HCC (MT-HCC), and 208 cases had non-MT-HCC. All patients underwent preoperative Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and radical resection. Observation indicators: (1) clinicopathological characteristics of MT-HCC and non-MT-HCC patients; (2) imaging characteristics of MT-HCC and non-MT-HCC patients; (3) imaging features associated with MT-HCC diagnosis; (4) nomogram predictive model construction and evaluation for MT-HCC. Comparison of measurement data with normal distribution between groups was analyzed using the t test. Comparison of measurement data with skewed distribution between groups was analyzed using the nonpara-meter rank sum test. Univariate analysis was conducted using the corresponding statistical methods based on data type. Multivariate analysis was conducted using the logistic regression model. A nomo-gram predictive model was constructed based on results of multivariate analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the model's performance with the area under curve (AUC). Calibration curve and decision curve analyses were used to assess the calibration and clinical validity of nomogram predictive model. Results:(1) Clinicopathological characteristics of MT-HCC and non-MT-HCC patients. In the training set, there were significant differences between MT-HCC and non-MT-HCC patients in terms of age, white blood cell count, and alpha fetoprotein level ( t=2.488, Z=-2.515, χ2=4.014, P<0.05). (2) Imaging characteristics of MT-HCC and non-MT-HCC patients. In the training set, there were significant differences in tumor morphology, intratumoral hemorrhage, peritumoral abnormal enhancement in arterial phase, capsule presence, intratumoral necrosis or ischemia >20%, intratumoral necrosis or ischemia >50%, peritumoral hypointensity in the hepatobiliary phase, intravascular tumor thrombus, arterial phase rim-like hyperenhancement, and mosaic architecture between MT-HCC and non-MT-HCC patients ( χ2=8.811, 5.586, 13.962, 31.616, 10.154, 4.835, 5.111, 14.425, 7.112, 5.526, P<0.05). (3) Imaging features associated with MT-HCC diagnosis. Results of multivariate analysis identified the absence of intratumoral hemorrhage, incom-plete capsule, and mosaic architecture as independent risk factors for diagnosing MT-HCC ( hazard ratio=3.846, 7.827, 2.345, P<0.05). (4) Nomogram predictive model construction and evaluation for MT-HCC. A nomogram predictive model for MT-HCC was constructed based on the independent risk factors (absence of intratumoral hemorrhage, incomplete capsule, and mosaic architecture) iden-tified in the multivariate analysis. The ROC curve analysis showed that AUC of nomogram predictive model was 0.778 (95% confidence interval as 0.714-0.843), with sensitivity and specificity of 0.857 and 0.573 in the training set. In the validation set, the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specifi-city were 0.825 (95% confidence interval as 0.745-0.926), 0.655, and 0.877, respectively. The calibra-tion curves for both the training set and the validation set closely aligned with the standard curve, indicating high calibration accuracy. The decision curve analysis demonstrated net clinical benefits at thresholds of 0.130-0.690 in the training set and 0.060-0.750 in the validation set. Conclusions:The absence of intratumoral hemorrhage, incomplete capsule, and mosaic architecture are independent risk factors for diagnosing MT-HCC. A nomogram model based on imaging features can predict MT-HCC in HCC patients.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of preoperative gadolinium ethoxy-benzyldiethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting microvascular invasion (MVI) and intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 304 HCC patients who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University and 10 HCC patients who were admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2021 to June 2023 were collected. There were 272 males and 42 females, aged (56±11)years. Using a random number table method, patients were divided into a training set including 220 cases and a validation set including 94 cases in a 7:3 ratio. Among the 314 patients, 106 cases had MVI and TLSs-positive HCC (MT-HCC), and 208 cases had non-MT-HCC. All patients underwent preoperative Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and radical resection. Observation indicators: (1) clinicopathological characteristics of MT-HCC and non-MT-HCC patients; (2) imaging characteristics of MT-HCC and non-MT-HCC patients; (3) imaging features associated with MT-HCC diagnosis; (4) nomogram predictive model construction and evaluation for MT-HCC. Comparison of measurement data with normal distribution between groups was analyzed using the t test. Comparison of measurement data with skewed distribution between groups was analyzed using the nonpara-meter rank sum test. Univariate analysis was conducted using the corresponding statistical methods based on data type. Multivariate analysis was conducted using the logistic regression model. A nomo-gram predictive model was constructed based on results of multivariate analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the model's performance with the area under curve (AUC). Calibration curve and decision curve analyses were used to assess the calibration and clinical validity of nomogram predictive model. Results:(1) Clinicopathological characteristics of MT-HCC and non-MT-HCC patients. In the training set, there were significant differences between MT-HCC and non-MT-HCC patients in terms of age, white blood cell count, and alpha fetoprotein level ( t=2.488, Z=-2.515, χ2=4.014, P<0.05). (2) Imaging characteristics of MT-HCC and non-MT-HCC patients. In the training set, there were significant differences in tumor morphology, intratumoral hemorrhage, peritumoral abnormal enhancement in arterial phase, capsule presence, intratumoral necrosis or ischemia >20%, intratumoral necrosis or ischemia >50%, peritumoral hypointensity in the hepatobiliary phase, intravascular tumor thrombus, arterial phase rim-like hyperenhancement, and mosaic architecture between MT-HCC and non-MT-HCC patients ( χ2=8.811, 5.586, 13.962, 31.616, 10.154, 4.835, 5.111, 14.425, 7.112, 5.526, P<0.05). (3) Imaging features associated with MT-HCC diagnosis. Results of multivariate analysis identified the absence of intratumoral hemorrhage, incom-plete capsule, and mosaic architecture as independent risk factors for diagnosing MT-HCC ( hazard ratio=3.846, 7.827, 2.345, P<0.05). (4) Nomogram predictive model construction and evaluation for MT-HCC. A nomogram predictive model for MT-HCC was constructed based on the independent risk factors (absence of intratumoral hemorrhage, incomplete capsule, and mosaic architecture) iden-tified in the multivariate analysis. The ROC curve analysis showed that AUC of nomogram predictive model was 0.778 (95% confidence interval as 0.714-0.843), with sensitivity and specificity of 0.857 and 0.573 in the training set. In the validation set, the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specifi-city were 0.825 (95% confidence interval as 0.745-0.926), 0.655, and 0.877, respectively. The calibra-tion curves for both the training set and the validation set closely aligned with the standard curve, indicating high calibration accuracy. The decision curve analysis demonstrated net clinical benefits at thresholds of 0.130-0.690 in the training set and 0.060-0.750 in the validation set. Conclusions:The absence of intratumoral hemorrhage, incomplete capsule, and mosaic architecture are independent risk factors for diagnosing MT-HCC. A nomogram model based on imaging features can predict MT-HCC in HCC patients.

Objective:To analyze the molecular mechanism of Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules in the adjuvant treatment of AIDS by network pharmacology method and molecular docking technology.Methods:The active components and targets of Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules were obtained through TCMSP, and the AIDS-related targets were obtained through GeneCards, OMIM and DrugBank databases. The intersection target PPI network was constructed through STRING 11.5 database, and Cytoscape 3.9.1 software was used for network topology analysis; Metascape database was used for GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of core targets; Cytoscape 3.9.1 was used to construct Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules component-target-pathway network; Autodock Tools software was used to carry out molecular docking of core targets and active components.Results:Totally 31 active components and 180 targets of Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules were screened out. TNF, IL6, AKT1, IL1B, TP53, VEGFA, RELA, EGFR and CASP3 were identified as the core targets. GO functional enrichment analysis obtained 1 436 biological processes, 53 cellular components, and 117 molecular functions. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis obtained 167 pathways, which were related to pathways in cancer, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and IL-17 signaling pathway was closely related. Molecular docking results showed that core targets such as AKT1 and TNF had good binding activity to quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin.Conclusion:The main active components of Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules in the adjuvant treatment of AIDS are quercetin, kaempferol and luteolin, which may treat AIDS through the IL-17 signaling pathway.

Objective:To observe the effects of bundled pulmonary rehabilitation on static pulmonary function, cardiopulmonary exercise function and inflammatory factors in patients with moderate or severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:Sixty moderate or severe COPD patients in stable phase from December 2017 to October 2018 in Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University were selected. The patients were divided into control group and rehabilitation group by random digits table with 30 cases each. The patients of control group received routine medicine therapy, and the patients of rehabilitation group received bundled pulmonary rehabilitation besides routine medicine therapy. Pulmonary function, cardiopulmonary exercise function and inflammatory factors in each group were tested before treatment and 3, 6 month after treatment.Results:In control group, there were no statistical differences in the pulmonary function, including the forced expired volume in one second (FEV 1), FEV 1 as percentage of predicted (FEV 1%pred), FEV 1/forced vital capacity (FVC); cardiopulmonary exercise function, including the peak load, peak VO 2, peak VO 2 as percentage of predicted (peak VO 2% pred), peak VO 2/kg, peak VE 3 and 6 months after treatment compared with those before treatment ( P>0.05); in rehabilitation group, there were no statistical differences in the indexes 3 months after treatment compared with those before treatment ( P>0.05), the indexes 6 months after treatment were significantly improved compared with those before treatment and 3 months after treatment ( P < 0.05). In control group, the C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL-6) before treatment and 3 months after treatment and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) before treatment and 3, 6 months after treatment had no significant difference ( P > 0.05); the CRP and IL-6 6 months after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment and 3 months: (5.48 ± 0.91) mg/L vs. (6.26 ± 0.99) and (6.09 ± 0.97) mg/L, (9.17 ± 1.04) ng/L vs. (10.83 ± 1.79) and (10.29 ± 1.53) ng/L, P < 0.05. In rehabilitation group, the CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α 3 and 6 months after treatment were significantly lower than previous phase: (5.21 ± 0.87) and (5.67 ± 0.91) mg/L vs. (6.15 ± 0.92) mg/L, (8.56 ± 1.17) and (10.03 ± 1.61) ng/L vs. (11.06 ± 2.01) ng/L, (7.16 ± 1.33) and (8.05 ± 1.62) ng/L vs. (8.97 ± 2.05) ng/L, P < 0.05. In rehabilitation group, the CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α before and after treatment were negatively correlated with pulmonary function (FEV 1, FEV 1% pred and FEV 1/FVC) and cardiopulmonary exercise function (peak load, peak VO 2, peak VO 2% pred, peak VO 2/kg and peak VE) ( r=- 0.641 to - 0.884, P < 0.01). Conclusions:Bundled pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with moderate or severe stable COPD can improve pulmonary function and cardiopulmonary exercise function and reduce inflammatory factors.