Objective: To explore the relationship between non suicidal self injury (NSSI) behavior and serum lipid levels as well as thyroid function among college students with depression. Methods: A total of 169 college students with depression in the psychiatry departments of tertiary hospitals (grade 3A and 3B) in Ningbo from December 2023 to April 2025 were selected. The Adolescent Self injury Scale (ASIS) was used to assess the presence of NSSI, and participants were accordingly divided into a NSSI group ( n =51) and a non NSSI group ( n =118). General demographic data (including gender, age, and family situation) were collected from both groups. Blood tests were performed to measure lipid profiles [triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)] and thyroid hormones [triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)]. Multivariate Logistic regression was employed to analyze risk factors for NSSI, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of serum lipid and thyroid hormone levels for NSSI occurrence in college students with depression. Results: The levels of TC, LDL-C, and TSH in the NSSI group were (4.02±0.73) mmol/L, (2.32±0.36) mmol/L, and (6.57±1.95) mU/L , which were significantly higher than those in the non NSSI group [(3.41±0.56) mmol/L, (2.00±0.27) mmol/L, and ( 4.48± 1.09) mU/L, respectively] ( t =5.32, 5.60, 7.20, all P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that college students from single parent/reconstituted families, those who had experienced school bullying, and those with higher levels of TC, LDL-C, and TSH had a significantly increased risk of engaging in NSSI ( OR =5.22, 6.12, 5.90, 83.64, 3.64, all P <0.05). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the combined detection of TC, LDL-C, and TSH had high diagnostic efficacy for predicting NSSI in college students with depression, with a sensitivity of 86.3% and a specificity of 94.9%. Conclusions NSSI behavior in college students with depression is associated with serum lipid levels and thyroid function. These biomarkers may serve as useful reference indicators for assessing the conditions of these patients.

Objective: To explore the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on health risk behaviors (HRBs) among college students and the mediating role of psychological symptoms, so as to provide a basis for developing intervention strategies. Methods: From March to April 2023, a convenience cluster sample of 1 801 students from 12 universities in Nanning, Liuzhou, Guilin, Wuzhou of Guangxi completed an online survey. A self designed questionnaire, Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) and Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) were used for evaluation tools. Binary Logistic regression, structural equation modeling (SEM) and Bootstrap methods were used to analyze the associations and mediating effects. Results: Overall, 71.2% of college students experienced at least one type of ACE, with emotional neglect (40.3%) and emotional abuse ( 25.2 %) having the highest detection rates. The top three HRBs were unhealthy diet (77.8%), physical inactivity (54.1%), and smoking/alcohol use (18.5%). Logistic regression showed that poor family functioning, abuse, and extra familial violence were each associated with an increased risk of smoking/alcohol use ( OR =1.14, 1.11, 1.18) and deliberate self harm ( OR =1.26, 1.19,1.30) (all P <0.05). Experience of abuse increased the risk of high risk sexual behavior and family dysfunction increaded the risk of physical inactivity, respectively ( OR = 1.07 , 1.04, both P <0.05). Mediation analysis revealed that anxiety ( β =0.20) and depression ( β = 0.09 ) partially mediated the pathway from poor family functioning to deliberate self harm; paranoia ( β =0.02) partially mediated the pathway from abuse to high risk sexual behavior; and obsessive-compulsive symptoms ( β =0.26) and depression ( β =0.10) partially mediated the pathway from extra familial violence to deliberate self harm (all P <0.05). Conclusion Psychological symptoms play a mediating role in the association between ACEs and HRBs, and mental health interventions may reduce the risk of HRBs among college students.

Objective To analyze the main causes and risk factors of unplanned reoperation after liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 242 liver transplant recipients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2015 to December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether unplanned reoperation was performed during the same hospitalization after surgery, the recipients were divided into the reoperation group (n=36) and the non-reoperation group (n=206). The preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data of the two groups, as well as donor and graft-related data, were compared to analyze the risk factors of unplanned reoperation after liver transplantation and the survival status of the two groups. Results Among the 242 liver transplant recipients, 36 underwent unplanned reoperations, with a total of 54 procedures including various laparotomies, endoscopic and interventional surgeries, among which there were 20 laparotomies, 18 endoscopic surgeries and 16 interventional surgeries. The most common cause of unplanned reoperation was biliary complications (20 times), followed by vascular complications (17 times). Compared with the non-reoperation group, the reoperation group had longer graft cold ischemia time, higher postoperative fatality rate of recipients, longer length of stay in the intensive care unit and postoperative hospital stay, and higher total hospitalization costs (all P<0.05). The incidence of unplanned reoperation was higher in recipients who underwent split liver transplantation (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that intraoperative blood loss ≥1 000 mL, positive culture of graft perfusate and split liver transplantation were independent risk factors for unplanned reoperation (all P<0.05). The postoperative 7-day, 1-month, 3-month and 6-month survival rates of recipients in the reoperation group and the non-reoperation group were 100% vs. 98.1%, 88.9% vs. 94.2%, 69.4% vs. 90.8% and 66.7% vs. 90.8%, respectively, and the postoperative survival rate of recipients in the reoperation group was lower than that in the non-reoperation group (P<0.05). Conclusions The main causes of unplanned reoperation after liver transplantation are biliary complications, vascular complications, abdominal incision infection and intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Intraoperative massive blood loss, positive culture of graft perfusate and split liver transplantation are the risk factors associated with unplanned reoperation after liver transplantation.

Objective:To assess the effectiveness of kinetic parameters of 18F-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-1007 PET/MR in distinguishing tumor recurrence (TR) from radiation necrosis (RN) in glioma patients. Methods:From January 2023 to June 2023, imaging data of 10 patients (6 males, 4 females; media age of 39.5 years) with gliomas who were suspected of recurrence and were referred for 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/MR scans at Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center were retrospectively analyzed. Static parameters from 18F-PSMA-1007 PET scans, including SUV max, SUV mean, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion′s PSMA (TLP), as well as dynamic parameters including K 1, k 2, k 3, k 4, net influx rate (K i), and volume of distribution ( Vt) were obtained by using compartmental and multigraphical models. Additionally, parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) were collected. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare parameter differences between TR and RN groups. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between K i and DCE-MRI parameters. Results:Finally, 8 cases were diagnosed as TR and 2 cases were diagnosed as RN. The kinetic compartmental model-based evaluation determined that irreversible 2-tissue model (2T3K) provided the best-fitting results. The differences in SUV mean (median: 2.48 vs 0.89; Z=-2.09, P=0.044), SUV max (median: 4.04 vs 1.40; Z=-2.09, P=0.044), and K i (median: 1.33×10 -2vs 3.87×10 -3;Z=-2.10, P=0.044) between TR and RN groups were statistically significant. Some parameters of DCE-MRI also showed differences between the two groups ( Z=-2.09, P=0.044 for all). The K i yielded moderate correlation with DCE-MRI parameter Ve ( rs=0.650, P=0.042), while correlations between K i and other DCE-MRI parameters were not significant ( rs values: from -0.207 to 0.632, all P>0.05). Conclusion:Dynamic and multi-parametric 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/MR system holds promise for accurately distinguishing TR from RN in treated glioma patients.

Objective To explore the T/NK cell-related differentially expressed genes(T/NK-DEGs)related to the prognosis of liver cancer based on the single-cell RNA-seq data,gene expression data and clinical information in the GEO and TCGA databases,and construct the prognostic model of liver cancer.Methods The single-cell RNA-seq data and gene expression matrices of liver cancer were obtained from the GEO database.The TCGA-LIHC cohorts,including mRNA expression data,clinical information,survival infor-mation,and somatic mutation data,were obtained from the TCGA database.Based on the two databases,the prognostic model of liver cancer patients was constructed by the bioinformatics method,and the performance of the model was predicted.Results Two T/NK-DEGs,PTTG1 and UBE2C,were identified to be associated with the prognosis of liver cancer and a prognostic model of liver cancer was constructed based on them.According to the risk score,the patients were divided into the high-risk score group and low-risk score group,in which the patients with high-risk score had a worse prognosis than those with low-risk score.The areas under the receiv-er operating characteristics(ROC)curve(AUCROC)of the prognostic model at 1-year,3-year and 5-year time points were 0.685,0.647 and 0.594,respectively.The higher risk score was correlated with the advanced pathological stage(Ⅰstage,Ⅱstage,andⅢstage)and T-stage(T1,T2,and T3)(P＜0.05).The prognostic model was able to predict the proportion of tumor infiltrating immune cells,and the sensitivity of immunotherapy and chemotherapy drugs in patients with liver cancer.Conclusion The constructed prog-nostic model in this study has an important role in the prediction of individualized survival and clinical treatment response of patients with liver cancer.

AIM:To explore the impact of chronic stress on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in rats and to elucidate the mechanistic link to histone deacetylase 2(HDAC2).METHODS:A repeated social defeat stress model and a prolonged isoflurane anesthesia model were established in mice.The rats were randomly assigned to four groups:control(Ctrl)group,isoflurane anesthesia(Iso)group,chronic social defeat stress(RSDS)group,and chronic social de-feat stress combined with isoflurane anesthesia(RSDS+Iso)group.Anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated using the social avoidance test and the novelty-suppressed feeding test.Cognitive function was assessed through the novel object recogni-tion test and the Morris water maze.Plasma corticosterone levels were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Primary hippocampal neurons were isolated from fetal mouse hippocampi and classified into four groups:con-trol group,chronic stress combined with prolonged isoflurane anesthesia(Cort+Iso)group,CAY-10683 intervention(CAY),and CAY-10683 treatment(CAY+Cort+Iso)group.Cell viability was determined using CCK-8 assay,and pro-tein expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and HDAC2 were analyzed by Western blot.RE-SULTS:The RSDS mouse model was successfully established,with ELISA results indicating a significant increase in plasma corticosterone levels in mice subjected to chronic stress combined with prolonged isoflurane anesthesia.Behavioral assessments and Western blot analyses revealed that mice exposed to prolonged isoflurane anesthesia following chronic stress showed marked declines in cognitive function and hippocampal BDNF protein expression levels.Additionally,chronic stress significantly elevated HDAC2 protein expression in the hippocampi of mice undergoing prolonged isoflurane anesthesia.Treatment with an HDAC2 inhibitor reduced HDAC2 protein expression in primary hippocampal neurons sub-jected to chronic stress combined with prolonged isoflurane anesthesia,concurrently increasing BDNF protein expression levels.CONCLUSION:Chronic stress significantly worsens postoperative cognitive dysfunction induced by prolonged isoflurane anesthesia,associated with increased HDAC2 protein expression in the hippocampus.Inhibition of HDAC2 ef-fectively counteracts the reduction in BDNF,a protein crucial for cognitive function,caused by the combination of chronic stress and prolonged isoflurane anesthesia.

Objective::This study aimed to elucidate the effect of the lipopolysaccharides/toll-like receptor 4 (LPS/TLR4) pathway on early atherosclerosis (AS) development and its associated changes in fecal metabolites, thereby providing an experimental foundation for strategies to prevent and treat early AS.Methods::Twelve Tibetan miniature pigs aged 4-5 months were divided into normal control (NC) group and AS group (6 pigs in each). The group assignment was primarily based on body weight; Secondary criteria, including glucose, lipid profiles, and inflammatory indices, were considered to ensure balanced baseline characteristics between the 2 groups (all P > 0.05). AS group received a high-fat diet for 16 weeks to establish an AS model, while the NC group received a normal diet. Subsequently, serum levels of lipids and various inflammation and oxidative stress markers were measured. Pathological changes in the aorta and colon tissue, LPS/TLR4 pathway-associated protein expressions in the aorta, as well as occludin and zonula occludens-1 in the colon were also assessed. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra technology was employed for the metabolomic analysis of fecal extracts. Results::The lipid metabolism was disrupted in AS group, with significantly higher total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels ((12.24 ± 5.24) mmol/L vs. (1.86 ± 0.27) mmol/L, P = 0.004,6; (2.39 ± 0.50) mmol/L vs. (0.83 ± 0.07) mmol/L, P = 0.000,5; (6.94 ± 2.87) mmol/L vs. (0.77 ± 0.18) mmol/L, P = 0.003,3), as compared to that in NC group. Serum factors, including LPS, tumor necrosis factor-α, and malondialdehyde levels of AS group were significantly higher than that of NC group ((1,230.00 ± 192.70) EU/L vs. (695.70 ± 213.70) EU/L), P = 0.001,1; (424.20 ± 176.90) ng/L vs. (51.20 ± 26.61) ng/L, P = 0.023,5; (3.60 ± 0.77) nmol/mL vs. (2.62 ± 0.21) nmol/mL, P = 0.025,4). Pathological evaluations revealed prominent lipid deposition area in the aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta of the AS group compared with that of the NC group (4.17% ± 2.30% vs. 0, P = 0.006,7; 6.23% ± 2.95% vs. 0, P = 0.003,6; 3.78% ± 2.18% vs. 0, P = 0.008,1). TLR4, nuclear factor kappa-B p65, and tumor necrosis factor-α expression in the aorta tissue of the AS group were upregulated, whereas occludin and zonula occludens-1 expression in colon tissues was downregulated. Additionally, metabolomics identified significant differences in 21 metabolites in the feces of the AS group compared to the NC group, with further analysis linking these differences to amino acid metabolism. Conclusions::The Tibetan miniature pig model of early AS induced by high-fat intake displayed pronounced chronic inflammation. Preliminary findings suggest that the underlying mechanisms may be associated with the LPS/TLR4 pathway and intestinal metabolic disorders.

Salmonella has demonstrated considerable potential as a vaccine vector,exhibiting robust immunogenicity,ease of oral administration,and cost-effective production.Live attenuated Salmo-nella carrying heterologous antigens can induce both localized mucosal immunity and systemic a-daptive immune responses in hosts after successfully reaching the intestinal tract via oral delivery.Recent advances such as permanent deletion of virulence genes,regulated-delayed attenuation and lysis systems,have initially achieved a balance between the safety and immunogenicity of these vaccine platforms.Nevertheless,practical applications of such vaccine vectors remain constrained by challenges related to gastrointestinal barrier obstruction,inefficient antigen delivery,and im-mune tolerance.With the rapid advancement of multidisciplinary technologies,these limitations are anticipated to be progressively addressed.This review presented a comprehensive summary and dis-cussion of the immune mechanisms,development strategies,current applications,advantages,and challenges associated with oral live attenuated Salmonella vaccine vectors.It also delineated the fu-ture direction of research and development,with a view to providing theoretical references for re-lated research.

Obesity during childhood not only increases the risk of various chronic diseases,but also may affect a child's intelligence level and executive function,and even lead to mental and psychological problems.The impact of childhood obesity on health can persist into adulthood,leading to a series of obesity-related complications,such as type 2 diabetes,dyslipidemia,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease,hypertension,heart fail-ure,cardiomyopathy,obstructive sleep apnea,asthma,precocious puberty,and hypogonadism.Paying attention to the issue of childhood obesity,early identification and relevant intervention are expected to reduce the harm caused by obesity.