In order to further standardize the vaccination of kidney transplant candidates and recipients in China, the Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association has organized experts in kidney transplantation and infectious diseases. Based on the "Vaccination of Solid Organ Transplant Candidates and Recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice", and in combination with the clinical reality of infectious diseases and vaccination after organ transplantation in China, as well as referring to relevant recommendations from home and abroad in recent years, these guidelines are formulated from aspects such as epidemiology, types of vaccines, vaccination principles, target population, and specific vaccine administration. The "Guidelines for Vaccination of Kidney Transplant Candidates and Recipients in China" aims to provide theoretical reference for medical workers in the field of kidney transplantation in China, regarding the vaccination of kidney transplant candidates and recipients. It is expected to better guide the vaccination of kidney transplant candidates and recipients, reduce the risk of postoperative infection, and improve survival outcomes.

Objective:To investigate whether systemic immune inflammation index(SII)-C-reactive protein/albumin(CRP/Alb)can predict postoperative survival in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients.Methods:A total of 262 patients with NSCLC who underwent surgery in Hebei Provincial People's Hospital from January 2017 to November 2020 were included.SII and CRP/Alb expressions in patients after surgery were analyzed by K-M survival curve analysis,Cox multivariate risk regression analysis and ROC curve analysis.Results:Patients with high SII expression(>961.78)and high CRP/Alb expression(>0.025)had worse outcomes than patients with low SII and CRP/Alb expressions,respectively(P<0.001).SII-CRP/Alb score(P=0.032),age≥60 years(P=0.038)and T stage T2～T3(P<0.001)were significantly associated with shorter overall survival.AUC of SII-CRP/Alb scores were larger than SII and CRP/Alb scores,respectively.Conclusion:SII-CRP/Alb score can effectively evaluate postoperative survival status of patients with NSCLC,and SII-CRP/Alb score are independent predictors of postoperative overall survival in NSCLC patients.

Objective:To investigate the effect of basket assisted retrograde ureteral soft lithotripsis retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in the treatment of subcalyceal calculi and its effect on stone clearance.Methods:A retrospective cohort study method was conducted on 120 patients with lower calyx stones treated at Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao City, from October 2021 to January 2024. There were 66 males and 54 females, aged (48.10±10.11) years old. The patients were divided into two groups based on their surgical methods: 60 patients who received only RIRS treatment were in the control group, while 60 patients who underwent RIRS with the assistance of a stone retrieval basket were in the observation group. The study compared various perioperative indicators (such as intraoperative blood loss, surgical duration, and hospital stay), as well as the stone clearance rates, inflammation levels, and postoperative complications at 3 days (short-term) and 30 days (long-term) after surgery. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s), and t-test was employed for inter-group comparisons. Chi-square test was used for inter-group comparisons of count data. Results:The operation time of the observation group was (78.26±10.54) min, and that of the control group was (70.65±8.67) min. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was no difference between the two groups in intraoperative bleeding, the first time to get out of bed after surgery and the postoperative hospital stay ( P>0.05). The stone expulsion time in the observation group was (16.38±4.22) d, while that in the control group was (18.96±5.10) d, the stone removal rates of the observation group at 3 days and 30 days after surgery were 88.33% and 95.00% respectively, while those of the control group were 73.33% and 83.33% respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05). The stone expulsion time was shorter in the observation group compared to the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in postoperative inflammatory factors between the two groups( P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was 6.67%, and that in the control group was 20.00%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Stone basket removal combined with RIRS is safe and feasible, which can not only improve the stone clearance rate, but also reduce the incidence of postoperative complications without increasing the inflammatory reaction, and has a significant effect. However, the clinical application needs to strictly grasp the indications and avoid overtreatment in combination with the individual situation of the patients.

Objective:To investigate whether systemic immune inflammation index(SII)-C-reactive protein/albumin(CRP/Alb)can predict postoperative survival in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients.Methods:A total of 262 patients with NSCLC who underwent surgery in Hebei Provincial People's Hospital from January 2017 to November 2020 were included.SII and CRP/Alb expressions in patients after surgery were analyzed by K-M survival curve analysis,Cox multivariate risk regression analysis and ROC curve analysis.Results:Patients with high SII expression(>961.78)and high CRP/Alb expression(>0.025)had worse outcomes than patients with low SII and CRP/Alb expressions,respectively(P<0.001).SII-CRP/Alb score(P=0.032),age≥60 years(P=0.038)and T stage T2～T3(P<0.001)were significantly associated with shorter overall survival.AUC of SII-CRP/Alb scores were larger than SII and CRP/Alb scores,respectively.Conclusion:SII-CRP/Alb score can effectively evaluate postoperative survival status of patients with NSCLC,and SII-CRP/Alb score are independent predictors of postoperative overall survival in NSCLC patients.

Objective:To provide scientific basis for pilots′ hypoxia training by comparing and analyzing the effects of hypoxia training under normobaric and hypobaric environments.Methods:Forty-two healthy subjects were selected. The pilot reduced oxygen breathing device and hypobaric chamber were used to simulate 7 500 m hypoxia training, and blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiratory rate and hypoxia endurance time were monitored and recorded. The hypoxia symptom questionnaire was filled out by the subjects after 2 training sessions. The hypoxia endurance time and hypoxia tolerance grade of normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia training were analyzed, and the differences of blood oxygen saturation and hypoxia symptoms were compared between 2 hypoxia trainings.Results:Forty-two subjects completed the normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia trainings. The survival curve analysis of hypoxia endurance time showed that the median hypoxia endurance time of normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia training was [3.17(2.70, 3.64)] min and [3.67(3.46, 3.88)] min respectively, with no significant difference ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the grade distribution of hypoxia tolerance between 2 hypoxia trainings ( P>0.05). The blood oxygen saturation curves of 2 hypoxia trainings were basically consistent. There was no significant difference between 2 hypoxia trainings on blood oxygen saturation, heart rate and respiratory rate (all P>0.05). There were significant differences in difficulty in calculation, difficulty in concentration and with palpitation ( χ2=4.81, 3.97, 3.98, P=0.028, 0.046, 0.046). Conclusions:The analysis showed that most physiological responses and subjective symptoms of pilots are quite similar in the normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia training at simulated 7 500 m. Both normobaric and hypobaric exposures show the similar hypoxia training effect.

Objective:To investigate the midterm and long-term efficacy of flow-diverter device in treating intracranial aneurysms (IAs) and analyze its clinical outcomes in anterior circulation aneurysms and posterior circulation aneurysms.Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. The data of 566 intracranial aneurysm patients (681 aneurysms) treated with the flow-diverter device at Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2018 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 205 males and 361 females, with an age ( M(IQR)) of 55 (14) years (range:18 to 77 years). Twelve patients (12 aneurysms) had ruptured aneurysms before surgery, and 75 patients (172 aneurysms) had multiple aneurysms. Preoperative modified Rankin scale (mRS) >2 points in 16 patients.There were 444 patients (552 aneurysms) in the anterior circulation group and 122 patients (129 aneurysms) in the posterior circulation group. Postoperative follow-up was conducted via outpatient visits or telephone calls at 3 to 12 months after the procedure. Baseline aneurysm parameters, surgical information, and imaging and clinical outcomes were collected. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent factors associated with long-term incomplete aneurysm occlusion. Results:Intraoperative use of flow diverter-assisted coil embolization was performed in 221 patients (226 aneurysms), and balloon assistance was used in 20 patients (22 aneurysms).The intraoperative rupture rate was 0.5% (3/566), and the intraoperative thrombosis rate was 0.7% (4/566). The in-hospital mortality rate was 1.2% (7/566). Postoperative complications included subarachnoid hemorrhage in 5 patients (0.9%), intracerebral hemorrhage in 2 patients (0.4%), ischemic stroke in 19 patients (3.6%), and transient ischemic attack in 16 patients (3.0%). Imaging follow-up was available for 447 patients (548 aneurysms) with a follow-up duration of (16.7±6.7) months (range:3 to 45 months). Incomplete aneurysm occlusion occurred in 79 patients (95 aneurysms), accounting for 17.3% (95/548). Parent artery stenosis was observed in 63 patients (72 aneurysms), accounting for 13.1% (72/548). Clinical follow-up was available for 530 patients (644 aneurysms) with a follow-up duration of (29.4±11.3) months (range:3 to 54 months). One case of mRS score >2 points was observed in 18 patients, accounting for 3.4% (18/530). Among them, the rate of incomplete occlusion in the anterior and posterior circulation group was 16.9% (76/450) and 19.4% (19/98), respectively, and the rate of parent artery stenosis was 10.9% (49/450) and 23.5% (23/98), respectively; the rate of mRS score>2 points was 2.4% (10/415) and 7.0% (8/115), respectively. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that aneurysm neck size ( β=0.075, OR=1.08, P=0.028) and coil use ( β=-1.070, OR=0.034, P=0.001) were independent factors influencing long-term aneurysm occlusion. Conclusions:The flow-diverter device demonstrates good safety and efficacy in the midterm and long-term treatment of overall IAs. However, further research is needed to focus on the midterm and long-term treatment outcomes of aneurysms with relatively wide neck and posterior circulation aneurysms.

To further standardize the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension after kidney transplantation in China,Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association organized experts in kidney transplantation and cardiovascular diseases to formulate"Guidelines for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertension in Kidney Transplant Recipients in China"based on"Diagnosis and Treatment Specification for Hypertension after Solid Organ Transplantation in China(2019 edition)"in combination with clinical status of hypertension after organ transplantation in China,and referring to the latest guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of hypertension at home and abroad.This guideline was formulated to provide theoretical reference for medical practitioners in the field of kidney transplantation in China,aiming to better control adult hypertension after kidney transplantation,mitigate adverse outcomes and improve the quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the midterm and long-term efficacy of flow-diverter device in treating intracranial aneurysms (IAs) and analyze its clinical outcomes in anterior circulation aneurysms and posterior circulation aneurysms.Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. The data of 566 intracranial aneurysm patients (681 aneurysms) treated with the flow-diverter device at Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2018 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 205 males and 361 females, with an age ( M(IQR)) of 55 (14) years (range:18 to 77 years). Twelve patients (12 aneurysms) had ruptured aneurysms before surgery, and 75 patients (172 aneurysms) had multiple aneurysms. Preoperative modified Rankin scale (mRS) >2 points in 16 patients.There were 444 patients (552 aneurysms) in the anterior circulation group and 122 patients (129 aneurysms) in the posterior circulation group. Postoperative follow-up was conducted via outpatient visits or telephone calls at 3 to 12 months after the procedure. Baseline aneurysm parameters, surgical information, and imaging and clinical outcomes were collected. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent factors associated with long-term incomplete aneurysm occlusion. Results:Intraoperative use of flow diverter-assisted coil embolization was performed in 221 patients (226 aneurysms), and balloon assistance was used in 20 patients (22 aneurysms).The intraoperative rupture rate was 0.5% (3/566), and the intraoperative thrombosis rate was 0.7% (4/566). The in-hospital mortality rate was 1.2% (7/566). Postoperative complications included subarachnoid hemorrhage in 5 patients (0.9%), intracerebral hemorrhage in 2 patients (0.4%), ischemic stroke in 19 patients (3.6%), and transient ischemic attack in 16 patients (3.0%). Imaging follow-up was available for 447 patients (548 aneurysms) with a follow-up duration of (16.7±6.7) months (range:3 to 45 months). Incomplete aneurysm occlusion occurred in 79 patients (95 aneurysms), accounting for 17.3% (95/548). Parent artery stenosis was observed in 63 patients (72 aneurysms), accounting for 13.1% (72/548). Clinical follow-up was available for 530 patients (644 aneurysms) with a follow-up duration of (29.4±11.3) months (range:3 to 54 months). One case of mRS score >2 points was observed in 18 patients, accounting for 3.4% (18/530). Among them, the rate of incomplete occlusion in the anterior and posterior circulation group was 16.9% (76/450) and 19.4% (19/98), respectively, and the rate of parent artery stenosis was 10.9% (49/450) and 23.5% (23/98), respectively; the rate of mRS score>2 points was 2.4% (10/415) and 7.0% (8/115), respectively. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that aneurysm neck size ( β=0.075, OR=1.08, P=0.028) and coil use ( β=-1.070, OR=0.034, P=0.001) were independent factors influencing long-term aneurysm occlusion. Conclusions:The flow-diverter device demonstrates good safety and efficacy in the midterm and long-term treatment of overall IAs. However, further research is needed to focus on the midterm and long-term treatment outcomes of aneurysms with relatively wide neck and posterior circulation aneurysms.

Objective:To provide scientific basis for pilots′ hypoxia training by comparing and analyzing the effects of hypoxia training under normobaric and hypobaric environments.Methods:Forty-two healthy subjects were selected. The pilot reduced oxygen breathing device and hypobaric chamber were used to simulate 7 500 m hypoxia training, and blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiratory rate and hypoxia endurance time were monitored and recorded. The hypoxia symptom questionnaire was filled out by the subjects after 2 training sessions. The hypoxia endurance time and hypoxia tolerance grade of normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia training were analyzed, and the differences of blood oxygen saturation and hypoxia symptoms were compared between 2 hypoxia trainings.Results:Forty-two subjects completed the normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia trainings. The survival curve analysis of hypoxia endurance time showed that the median hypoxia endurance time of normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia training was [3.17(2.70, 3.64)] min and [3.67(3.46, 3.88)] min respectively, with no significant difference ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the grade distribution of hypoxia tolerance between 2 hypoxia trainings ( P>0.05). The blood oxygen saturation curves of 2 hypoxia trainings were basically consistent. There was no significant difference between 2 hypoxia trainings on blood oxygen saturation, heart rate and respiratory rate (all P>0.05). There were significant differences in difficulty in calculation, difficulty in concentration and with palpitation ( χ2=4.81, 3.97, 3.98, P=0.028, 0.046, 0.046). Conclusions:The analysis showed that most physiological responses and subjective symptoms of pilots are quite similar in the normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia training at simulated 7 500 m. Both normobaric and hypobaric exposures show the similar hypoxia training effect.

As an important biological resource of a country or region, human genetic resources (HGR) are increasingly attracting attention and concern from many countries internationally, and even have been elevated to the dimension of national sovereignty by many countries. As a large country with rich and diverse HGR, relevant regulatory work in China started relatively late compared to foreign countries, but has developed rapidly. However, looking around the world, there is still room for further improvement and development of domestic HGR regulation. By reviewing the regulatory legislation of HGR in some countries abroad, this paper sorted out their advanced experience and highlighted measures in detail, and summarized their deep-seated legislative guidance. A detailed analysis and evaluation were conducted from seven aspects:the advanced level of HGR legislation and the enhancement of legal effectiveness, the systematization and systematization of policies and regulations, the unification of platforms and relevant standards, the highlight of the concept of ethics and the rule of law, the strengthening of anti-discrimination protection, the special protection of major human genetic family resources and national special protection areas of HGR, and the establishment of principled consensus or agreement on HGR in international and local regions, to provide reference for the construction of regulatory policies and legal systems for HGR in China.