The 2024 World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Annual Meeting, two of the most prestigious events in oncology, have concluded sequentially. As the most authoritative annual gatherings in lung cancer and the entire oncology field, the WCLC and ESMO conferences brought together top oncology experts and scientists from around the world to share, discuss, and publish the latest cutting-edge advancements in oncology. In both conferences, lung cancer immunotherapy remained a hot topic of considerable interest. This article aims to summarize and discuss the important research progress on perioperative immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer reported at the two conferences.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified pelvic floor reconstruction in non-nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (NNS RARP) for improving postoperative urinary control. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 79 prostate cancer patients who underwent NNS RARP at Tangdu Hospital during Jan.2020 and Dec.2023, including 29 in the reconstruction group, and 50 in the non-reconstruction group. The baseline characteristics including age, body mass index, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, clinical stage, prostate volume, and biopsy Gleason score, and perioperative indexes including operation time, intraoperative blood loss, catheter indwelling time, complication rate, and positive rate of surgical margins were compared between the two groups. Additionally, urinary continence function was assessed before operation and 1,3,6, and 12 months after operation using the international consultation on incontinence questionnaire-short form (ICIQ-SF) and the incontinence quality of life questionnaire score (I-QoL). Results No statistically significant differences were observed in the baseline characteristics between the two groups (P>0.05). The operation time was significantly longer in the reconstruction group than in the non-reconstruction group [ (110.24±15.08) min vs. (101.80±9.89) min, P=0.010]. There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, catheter indwelling time, complication rate, and positive rate of surgical margins between the two groups (P>0.05). The reconstruction group demonstrated significantly lower ICIQ-SF scores at 1 month [ (10.17±2.16) vs. (11.56±1.66), P=0.002],3 months [ (7.62±1.29) vs. (9.52±1.80), P<0.001], and 6 months postoperatively [ (4.93±1.22) vs. (6.18± 1.67), P=0.001]compared to the non-reconstruction group (adjusted P<0.0125). Conversely, the I-QoL scores were significantly higher in the reconstruction group at 1 month [ (73.32±10.30) vs. (63.88±9.55), P<0.001]and 3 months postoperatively [ (78.91±4.82) vs. (75.66±5.17), P=0.007] (adjusted P<0.0125). However, no significant differences were found in ICIQ-SF or I-QoL scores between the two groups preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively (adjusted P>0.0125). Conclusion The application of modified pelvic floor reconstruction technique in NNS RARP is safe and feasible. Although it slightly prolongs the operation time, it does not increase surgical risks; instead, it effectively promotes early recovery of postoperative urinary continence, thereby significantly enhancing patients'quality of life.

Objective To investigate the correlations of serum levels of endothelial cell-specific molecule-1(ESM-1,also known as endocan),interleukin(IL)-1α,and human chondroglycan pro-tein-39(also known as YKL-40)with disease severity and prognosis in children with recurrent respira-tory infections(RRI).Methods A total of 86 children with RRI were prospectively enrolled as case group and divided into mild(37 cases),moderate(31 cases),and severe(18 cases)groups based on disease severity,and divided into good prognosis(64 cases)and poor prognosis(22 cases)groups based on prognosis.Additionally,94 healthy children who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as control group.Serum levels of endocan,IL-1α,and YKL-40 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)in all children.Spearman's correla-tion analysis was used to assess the correlation between serum levels of endocan,IL-1α,and YKL-40 and disease severity in children with RRI.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors influencing the prognosis of children with RRI.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to evaluate the predictive value of serum endocan,IL-1α,and YKL-40 for the prognosis of children with RRI.Results The serum levels of endocan,IL-1α,and YKL-40 in the case group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The serum levels of en-docan,IL-1α,and YKL-40 in the moderate and severe groups were higher than those in the mild group,and the levels in the severe group were higher than those in the moderate group(P＜0.05).The serum levels of endocan,IL-1α,and YKL-40 in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the good prognosis group(P＜0.05).Serum levels of endocan,IL-1α,and YKL-40 were significantly positively correlated with disease severity in children with RRI(r=0.407,0.493,0.452,respectively;P＜0.001).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that serum en-docan(OR=1.412),IL-1α(OR=1.583),and YKL-40(OR=1.259)were independent influen-cing factors for the prognosis of children with RRI(P＜0.05).The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve for the combined prediction of poor prognosis in children with RRI by serum en-docan,IL-1α,and YKL-40 was 0.925,which was significantly larger than that for endocan,IL-1α,and YKL-40 alone.Conclusion Serum levels of endocan,IL-1α,and YKL-40 are closely related to disease severity and prognosis in children with RRI,and their combined detection has high predictive value for the prognosis of children with RRI.

Objective:To analyze the drug-resistance pattern and molecular epidemiological characteristics of Enterobacteriales carrying the blaNDM gene in Lishui, aiming to guide clinical anti-infection treatment. Methods:Non-duplicate blaNDM-carrying Enterobacteriales, isolated from Lishui Central Hospital, were collected and identified by VITEK MS. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were detected by the broth microdilution method. The ST types of the strains were determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Plasmid types were identified by transformation or conjugation experiments and replication initiator amplification experiments. The transposon structures were detected by PCR amplification. Finally, the epidemic regularity of blaNDM gene in Lishui was analyzed from three levels: clonal group, plasmid, and mobile genetic elements. Results:A total of 109 blaNDM-positive strains were collected. Among them, 60 strains carried the blaNDM-1 gene and 49 strains carried the blaNDM-5 gene. The 109 strains showed 100% resistance to ceftazidime and cefotaxime. The resistance rates to peracillin-tazobactam and imipenem were higher than 80%. Strains carrying the blaNDM-5 gene were more resistant to meropenem than those carrying blaNDM-1 gene( P<0.05). A total of 68 STs were detected from 109 strains, and IncX3, IncFⅡγ, IncA/C and IncT/R plasmids were detected, and 90.83% of the blaNDM genes were located in the IncX3 plasmid. Twelve types of blaNDM gene surrounding structures existed, and they all carried the highly conserved blaNDM- bleMBL- trpF gene sequence. Conclusions:The blaNDM gene has diverse transmission modes in Lishui. The IncX3 plasmid is the main factor mediating its transfer, and all strains carry highly conserved blaNDM- bleMBL- trpF gene sequence.

Objective To explore the application value of low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps in open thyroid cancer surgery.Methods The clinical data of 30 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps by our team from May 2021 to October 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.And 30 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with monopolar electrocautery+ultrasonic scalpel were selected as the control group.The surgical procedures for both groups were thyroid lobectomy,isthmus resection+ipsilateral level Ⅵ lymph node dissection.The age,gender,body mass index(BMI),tumor TNM stage,operation time,intraoperative blood loss,48 h postoperative drainage volume,and surgical complications of the two groups were compared.Results There were no significant differences in age,gender,BMI,and tumor TNM stage between the two groups.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,48 h postoperative drainage volume,and the incidence of postoperative transient hypoparathyroidism in the low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps group were significantly less than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There were no occurrences of postoperative subcutaneous hematoma,permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy,and permanent hypoparathyroidism in both groups.Conclusion In thyroid cancer surgery,low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps can not only achieve fine detailed operations,but also effectively protect the blood supply of the recurrent laryngeal nerve,superior laryngeal nerve,and parathyroid glands.It has less trauma and a faster postoperative recovery,and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective To explore the application value of low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps in open thyroid cancer surgery.Methods The clinical data of 30 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps by our team from May 2021 to October 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.And 30 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with monopolar electrocautery+ultrasonic scalpel were selected as the control group.The surgical procedures for both groups were thyroid lobectomy,isthmus resection+ipsilateral level Ⅵ lymph node dissection.The age,gender,body mass index(BMI),tumor TNM stage,operation time,intraoperative blood loss,48 h postoperative drainage volume,and surgical complications of the two groups were compared.Results There were no significant differences in age,gender,BMI,and tumor TNM stage between the two groups.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,48 h postoperative drainage volume,and the incidence of postoperative transient hypoparathyroidism in the low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps group were significantly less than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There were no occurrences of postoperative subcutaneous hematoma,permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy,and permanent hypoparathyroidism in both groups.Conclusion In thyroid cancer surgery,low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps can not only achieve fine detailed operations,but also effectively protect the blood supply of the recurrent laryngeal nerve,superior laryngeal nerve,and parathyroid glands.It has less trauma and a faster postoperative recovery,and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective:To analyze the drug-resistance pattern and molecular epidemiological characteristics of Enterobacteriales carrying the blaNDM gene in Lishui, aiming to guide clinical anti-infection treatment. Methods:Non-duplicate blaNDM-carrying Enterobacteriales, isolated from Lishui Central Hospital, were collected and identified by VITEK MS. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were detected by the broth microdilution method. The ST types of the strains were determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Plasmid types were identified by transformation or conjugation experiments and replication initiator amplification experiments. The transposon structures were detected by PCR amplification. Finally, the epidemic regularity of blaNDM gene in Lishui was analyzed from three levels: clonal group, plasmid, and mobile genetic elements. Results:A total of 109 blaNDM-positive strains were collected. Among them, 60 strains carried the blaNDM-1 gene and 49 strains carried the blaNDM-5 gene. The 109 strains showed 100% resistance to ceftazidime and cefotaxime. The resistance rates to peracillin-tazobactam and imipenem were higher than 80%. Strains carrying the blaNDM-5 gene were more resistant to meropenem than those carrying blaNDM-1 gene( P<0.05). A total of 68 STs were detected from 109 strains, and IncX3, IncFⅡγ, IncA/C and IncT/R plasmids were detected, and 90.83% of the blaNDM genes were located in the IncX3 plasmid. Twelve types of blaNDM gene surrounding structures existed, and they all carried the highly conserved blaNDM- bleMBL- trpF gene sequence. Conclusions:The blaNDM gene has diverse transmission modes in Lishui. The IncX3 plasmid is the main factor mediating its transfer, and all strains carry highly conserved blaNDM- bleMBL- trpF gene sequence.

Objective     To construct a radiomics model for identifying clinical high-risk carotid plaques. Methods     A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with carotid artery stenosis in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from December 2016 to June 2022. The patients were classified as a clinical high-risk carotid plaque group and a clinical low-risk carotid plaque group according to the occurrence of stroke, transient ischemic attack and other cerebrovascular clinical symptoms within six months. Six machine learning models including eXtreme Gradient Boosting, support vector machine, Gaussian Naive Bayesian, logical regression, K-nearest neighbors and artificial neural network were established. We also constructed a joint predictive model combined with logistic regression analysis of clinical risk factors. Results    Finally 652 patients were collected, including 427 males and 225 females, with an average age of 68.2 years. The results showed that the prediction ability of eXtreme Gradient Boosting was the best among the six machine learning models, and the area under the curve (AUC) in validation dataset was 0.751. At the same time, the AUC of eXtreme Gradient Boosting joint prediction model established by clinical data and carotid artery imaging data validation dataset was 0.823. Conclusion     Radiomics features combined with clinical feature model can effectively identify clinical high-risk carotid plaques.

Objective To develop an expert consensus on subcutaneous injection for allergen-specific immunotherapy.Methods Relevant domestic and intemational literature was reviewed,and nursing experts who had experiences in subcutaneous injection of allergen-specific immunotherapy were interviewed to form the initial draft of the consensus.A total of 85 experts from 42 hospitals nationwide were invited to participate in discussions.2 rounds of expert consultations,adjustments,revisions,and improvements were made to the initial draft,and an online meeting was held to form the final version of the consensus.The content approved by more than 75％of the expert group is adopted,or it will be discussed or deleted.Results The expert consensus includes operational standards for subcutaneous injection of allergen-specific immunotherapy,identification and management of adverse reactions,and health education.Conclusion The consensus demonstrates strong scientific rigor and practicality,providing guidance for nursing practices in the field of clinical allergology.

The pursuit of cosmetic effects in post-surgical wounds has led to the development of ultra-minimally invasive techniques in surgery. Minimal invasive surgery has replaced open surgery and has become the new gold-standard for treating diseases. One such technique is the single incision triangulated umbilicus surgery (SITUS), which offers several advantages over traditional laparoscopic and other scarless surgeries, including reduced trauma, faster recovery, and better cosmetic outcomes. SITUS also has a short learning curve, aligns with conventional instrumentation operating habits, and can be used for whole abdominal surgeries. Chinese scholars have made further improvements to the SITUS technology, including expanding its applicability in intra-abdominal surgery and refining its incision closure methods to achieve superior cosmetic results. Currently, SITUS technology is experiencing rapid development in urology applications and has demonstrated satisfactory results in both domestic and international reports. This review aims to discuss the effectiveness and development of the SITUS technique in urology.