Objective To investigate the population density and seasonal fluctuations of Aedes albopictus in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, from 2021 to 2023, so as to provide insights into A. albopictus control and management of dengue fever. Methods The surveillance of A. albopictus density was performed in all surveillance sites assigned across all streets (townships) in Guangzhou City during the period from January to December from 2021 to 2023. The surveillance frequency was twice every half month from May to September, and once every month for the rest of a year. In each surveillance period, A. albopictus mosquito larvae were captured from indoor and outdoor small water containers in residential areas, parks, medical facilities, schools, other government sectors and social organizations, construction sites, special industries and others for mosquito species identification. Adult mosquitoes were captured using electric mosquito suction apparatus for species identification and gender classification. Adult mosquitoes and mosquito eggs were collected with mosquito and egg traps at the breeding and dwelling places of Aedes mosquitoes for identification. The mosquito oviposition index (MOI), Breteau index (BI), adult mosquito density index (ADI) and standard space index (SSI) were calculated. The A. albopictus density was classified into grades 0, 1, 2 and 3 in each surveillance site, with Grade 0 density defined eligible, and the eligible rate of A. albopictus density was calculated at all surveillance sites each year from 2021 to 2023. In addition, the changing trends in MOI, SSI, BI and ADI of A. albopictus were analyzed in Guangzhou City from 2021 to 2023. Results The eligible rates of A. albopictus density were 61.69%, 68.75% and 55.15% in surveillance sites of Guangzhou City from 2021 to 2023 (χ² = 297.712, P < 0.001), and appeared a tendency towards a reduction followed by a rise each year, which gradually reduced since January, maintained at a low level during the period between May and October, and gradually increased from November to December. The MOI, SSI, BI and ADI of A. albopictus all appeared a tendency towards a rise followed by a reduction in Guangzhou City during the period between January and December from 2021 to 2023. The BI of A. albopictus peaked in the first half of June in 2021 (4.03), the first half of July in 2022 (3.89) and the last half of August in 2023 (5.02), and the SSI of A. albopictus peaked in the last half of June in 2021 (0.93), the last half of May in 2022 (0.59), and the last half of June (0.94) and the first half of September in 2023 (1.12). In addition, the MOI of A. albopictus peaked in the first half of May in 2021 (8.64), the first half of June in 2022 (8.96), and the last half of May (10.21) and the last half of June in 2023 (10.89), and the ADI of A. albopictus peaked in the first half of June in 2021 (3.41), the last half of June in 2022 (4.06), and the first half of July in 2023 (3.61). Conclusions The density of A. albopictus is high in Guangzhou City during the period from May to October, and the risk of local outbreak caused by imported dengue fever is high. Persistent intensified surveillance of the density and seasonal fluctuation of A. albopictus is recommended and timely mosquito prevention and control is required according to the fluctuation in the A. albopictus density.

Chronic non-healing wounds significantly impair patient rehabilitation and remain a critical clinical challenge. Stem cell-derived exosomes, owing to their biocompatibility and physiological activity, have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine. Beyond their intrinsic wound-healing properties, exosomes are increasingly explored as carriers for small-molecule drugs to enhance synergistic treatment effects. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) exhibit potential in promoting cell proliferation and re-epithelialization, their clinical application is hindered by poor stability. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of miR-132-3p-loaded human umbilical mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (miR-132-3p@UMSC-EXOs) on human foreskin fibroblast-1 (HFF-1). Our findings demonstrated that miR-132-3p@UMSC-EXOs significantly enhanced proliferation and migration of HFF-1, while reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels compared with unloaded exosomes. Furthermore, qRT-PCR and Western blotting analyses revealed that miR-132-3p@UMSC-EXOs modulated the expression of genes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and inflammation, suggesting their potential to upregulate collagen synthesis and improve ECM metabolism. These results highlight the therapeutic promise of miR-132-3p@UMSC-EXOs in accelerating wound healing.
Humans ; MicroRNAs/pharmacology* ; Exosomes/metabolism* ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology* ; Wound Healing ; Umbilical Cord/cytology* ; Cell Proliferation ; Fibroblasts/cytology* ; Skin/injuries* ; Cell Movement ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Cells, Cultured

Reflux esophagitis is an inflammatory disease of esophageal mucosa damage caused by the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. Its incidence is on the rise， and it has become an important precancerous disease of esophageal cancer. Studies have shown that the continuous inflammatory response stimulates the esophageal mucosa， causing abnormal proliferation of esophageal epithelial cells and damage to esophageal mucosal tissue， which eventually leads to the occurrence of heterogeneous hyperplasia and even carcinogenesis. The nuclear transcription factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway is one of the most classical inflammatory and cancer signaling pathways. It has been found that abnormal activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway is crucial to the development and prognosis of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer. It is widely involved in the proliferation， autophagy， apoptosis， and inflammatory response of esophageal epithelial cells and tumor cells， accelerating the transformation of reflux esophagitis to esophageal cancer and making it a potential target for the treatment of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer. Currently， there is no specific treatment for reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， and large side effects often appear. Therefore， finding a promising and safe drug remains a top priority. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine scholars have conducted a lot of research on NF-κB signaling pathway， and the results indicate that NF-κB signaling pathway is an important potential target for traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， but there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic elaboration. Therefore， this paper summarized the relevant studies in recent years， analyzed the relationship among NF-κB signaling pathway， reflux esophagitis， esophageal cancer， and transformation from inflammation to cancer， and reviewed the research literature on the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer.

Background Decline in cognitive function is considered a hallmark of schizophrenia,and transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)has developed as a promising tool for cognitive enhancement.Objective To systematically evaluate the effect of tDCS on improving cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia,so as to provide references for clinical intervention of cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.Methods A computer-based systematic search was conducted on September 12,2023 through CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed,CINAHL and PsycINFO databases,and randomized controlled trials relevant to the efficacy of tDCS for management of cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia were collected.The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials(RoB 2.0).Results A total of 17 articles were included,including 953 patients with schizophrenia.TDCS has an improvement effect on cognitive functions such as information processing speed,attention,working memory,executive function and learning ability in patients with schizophrenia.Conclusion tDCS may have an effect on improving cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia.

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of methotrexate loaded vesicles on experimental periodontitis in mice.Methods:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC). Methotrexate loaded vesicles (MTX-EVs) were constructed, whose morphology and size were analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy and particle size analyzer. Western blotting was used to identify their surface specific proteins. C57BL/6J male mice of 4-5 weeks (provided by Experimental Animal Center of The Fourth Military Medical University) were selected, among which 8 were randomly selected by blind grasp method without treatment and fed normally as normal group, and others were induced to periodontitis models by local injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the periodontium. The LPS was injected once every day with a concentration of 2 g/L and a volume of 5 μl, lasting for two weeks. The mice with successfully induced periodontitis were randomly divided into 4 groups by blind grasping method, with 8 mice in each group. The LPS group was with no treatment, and the other three groups were treated with periodontal local injection of MTX, EVs or MTX-EVs, respectively. Two weeks later, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expressions of inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in gingival tissue. The amount of alveolar bone resorption of four groups was detected by using micro-CT scanning and HE staining. The expression proportion of the inflammatory factor in gingival tissue was analyzed by using flow cytometry.Results:The scanning electron microscopy results showed that EVs and MTX-EVs were circular or elliptical in shape. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) particle size analysis showed that the particle size of EVs was around 200 nm, while that of MTX-EVs was around 300 nm. The ELISA results showed IL-1β levels in the normal group, LPS group, LPS+MTX group, LPS+EVs group and LPS+MTX-EVs group were (28.86±2.76), (51.50±2.04), (35.26±2.40), (45.49±2.04) and (35.77±3.49) ng/L. That is, the IL-1β concentrations in the LPS+MTX group, LPS+EVs group and LPS+MTX-EVs group were significantly lower than that in the LPS group ( P<0.05); the mass concentration of IL-1β in the LPS +MTX-EVs group was significantly lower than that in the LPS+EVs group ( P<0.05). The concentrations of IL-6 in the normal group, LPS group, LPS+MTX group, LPS+EVs group and LPS+MTX-EVs group were (125.44±4.12), (221.64±10.59), (178.16±16.90), (181.09±18.22) and (170.15±9.04) ng/L, among which the concentration of IL-6 in the last three groups were significantly lower than that in the LPS group ( P<0.05). The mass concentration of IL-6 in the LPS+MTX-EVs group was significantly lower than those in the LPS+MTX group and LPS+EVs group ( P<0.05). The concentrations of TNF-α in the normal group, LPS group, LPS+MTX group, LPS+EVs group and LPS+MTX-EVs group were (320.27±38.68), (479.62±40.94), (342.18±25.89), (415.88±12.01) and (325.75±30.83) ng/L, among which the concentrations of last three groups were significantly lower than the LPS group ( P<0.05); the mass concentration of TNF-α in the LPS+MTX-EVs group was significantly lower than those in the LPS+EVs group and LPS+MTX group ( P<0.05). The micro-CT results showed that the distance of cement-enamel junction-alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) of the first molar and root (M1R1) in the normal group, LPS group, LPS+MTX group, LPS+EVs group and LPS+MTX-EVs group of mice were (0.11±0.03), (0.28±0.02), (0.23±0.03), (0.20±0.04), and (0.18±0.03) mm, respectively. Compared with the LPS group, the CEJ-ABC of the M1R1 in the LPS+MTX group, LPS+EVs group and LPS+MTX-EVs group were inhibited to varied degrees with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Among them, LPS+MTX-EVs group had the best bone resorption inhibitioin effect compared to LPS+MTX group and LPS+EVs group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The flow cytometry results indicated that the proportion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) positive cells was (11.77±1.02)% in the LPS group, (6.87±0.65)% in the LPS+EVs group, and (4.15±0.92)% in the LPS+MTX-EVs group, respectively. The proportions of IFN-γ positive cells in the LPS+EVs group and LPS+MTX-EVs group were significantly lower than that in the LPS group ( P<0.05), while the ratio of IFN-γ positive cells in the LPS+MTX-EVs group was found significantly lower than that in the LPS+EVs group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:MTX-EVs can effectively alleviate the periodontal local inflammatory environment and reduce bone resorption of alveolar bone in periodontitis model mice.

OBJECTIVE To study the efficacy and mechanism of Shugan Jianpi Jiedu decoction in the treatment of the precancerous lesions of breast cancer through animal experiment. METHODS SD rats were taken and divided into 6 groups(10 rats in each group), namely blank group, breast precancerous lesion model group, tamoxifen group, Shugan Jianpi Jiedu decoction groups with low dose, middle dose, and high dose. DMBA modeling method was used to carry out modeling for breast precancerous lesion. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of breast tissue. CD4+, CD8+ were detected by flow cytometry. ELISA was used to detect IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, E2, P. The protein expression of ER, PI3K, p-Akt and mTOR was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS HE staining showed changes in rat mammary tissue, indicating successful modeling. Compared with the blank group, the content of CD4+ decreased and the content of CD8+ increased in the model group(P<0.01); compared with model group, the content of CD4+ increased and the content of CD8+ decreased in low, middle, high dose groups of Shugan Jianpi Jiedu decoction and tamoxifen group(P<0.01). The levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in the model group were significantly lower than those in the blank group(P<0.01), while IL-12 and IL-6 were significantly increased(P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the concentrations of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in the low, middle and high dose groups of Shugan Jianpi Jiedu decoction and the tamoxifen group were significantly increased(P<0.01), while IL-12 and IL-6 decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the blank group, the contents of E2 and P in the model group increased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01), the contents of E2 and P in the low, middle and high dose groups of Shugan Jianpi Jiedu decoction and the tamoxifen group were significantly lower than those in the model group(P<0.01). The Western blotting results showed that compared with the blank group, the expression of ER, PI3K, p-Akt and mTOR in the model group was significantly increased(P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of ER, PI3K, p-Akt and mTOR in the low, medium and high dose groups of Shugan Jianpi Jiedu decoction and the tamoxifen group were significantly decreased(P<0.01). CONCLUSION Shugan Jianpi Jiedu decoction may inhibit the expression of ER, thus inhibiting the expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Meanwhile, it can affect the immune response and reverse the precancerous lesions of breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Chaihuang Qingyi Huoxue Granules(Bupleuri Radix,unprocessed Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,Paeoniae Radix Rubra,Paeoniae Radix Alba,Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis,etc.)on rats with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)based on the renin-Ang-Ⅰ otensin system(RAS).Methods Sixty-four SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham operation group,model group,Chaihuang Qingyi Huoxue Granules group(4.42 g·kg-1)and Captopril group(5 mg·kg-1).Each group was further divided into 12-hour and 24-hour subgroups,with 8 rats in each group.SAP rat model was replicated by retrograde injection of 3.5％sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct.The Captopril group was intraperitoneally injected with Captopril(5 mg·kg-1),and the Chaihuang Qingyi Huoxue Granules group was given intragastric administration,once every 6 hours.The serum amylase(AMY)activity was detected by biochemical method at 12 hours and 24 hours after operation.The pathological changes of pancreatic tissue were observed by HE staining.Serum aldosterone(ALD)content was detected by chemiluminescence.Serum Renin,angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)and angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang-Ⅱ)were detected by ELISA.The expression of AT1R protein in pancreatic tissue was detected by Western Blot.Results In the same subgroup at 12 and 24 hours,compared with the sham operation group,the serum AMY activity of rats in the model group was significantly increased(P<0.05),the pathological score of pancreatic tissue was significantly increased(P<0.05),the levels of serum ALD,Renin,Ang-Ⅱ and ACE were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the expression of AT1R protein in pancreatic tissue was significantly up-regulated(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the serum AMY activity of rats in Chaihuang Qingyi Huoxue Granules group and Captopril group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the pathological score of pancreatic tissue was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the levels of serum ALD,Renin,Ang-Ⅱ and ACE were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the expression of AT1R protein in pancreatic tissue was significantly down-regulated(P<0.05).Compared with the Captopril group,the serum AMY of the rats in the Chaihuang Qingyi Huoxue Granules group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the pathological score of pancreatic tissue was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the serum ALD,Renin,Ang-Ⅱ and ACE levels were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Chaihuang Qingyi Huoxue Granules may inhibit the production of Renin and ALD by down-regulating the expression of ACE-Ang-Ⅱ-AT1R classical axis,thus exerting a protective effect on SAP rats.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To screen prognostic genes as indicators for predicting immunoactive in tumor microenvironment(TME)of gastric cancer(GC).Methods:Paraffin tissue specimens and corresponding paracancer tissues were collected from 55 patients with GC.Total 976 GC transcriptome RNA-Seqs and clinical datasets were obtained from TCGA and GEO databases.Infiltra-tion status of immune cells and Immune/Stormal scores were calculated using the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithm.R package"limma"was performed to selected differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine prognostic factors of DEGs.qRT-PCR was demonstrated to detect mRNA expression of the hub genes.Potential biological functions of GREM1 were investigated by GSEA.Correlations of GREM1 with immune signature molecules and drug susceptibility were investigated by TISIDB and CellMiner database.Results:Immune Score was positively correlated with improved outcomes of GC patients.A total of 40 shared TME-related DEGs were selected in the high and low groups of Immune Score and Stromal Score.Four survival-related DEGs were obtained by Cox analysis,which were GREM1,SFRP2,CYP1B1 and MGP.By comparing the difference of gene expres-sion in tumor and adjacent tissues and the degree of affinity with immune microenvironment,it was found that GREM1 was most likely to play a role in immune remodeling in TME;expression of GREM1 was positively correlated with clinicopathological features(TNM),while negatively correlated with survival time of GC patients.GSEA results showed that GREM1 high-expression group were mainly enriched in immune-related active genomes.Besides,GREM1 expression was positively correlated to M2 macrophages,while negatively correlated to CD8+T cells.GREM1 was also positively associated with immunosuppressor TGF-β1,immunopotentiator ENT-PD1,chemokine CCL14 as well as receptor CCR2.Moreover,GC patients with high expression of GREM1 might more sensitive to drug Vismodegib therapy.Conclusion:GREM1 can regard as an immunosuppressive clinical indicator in TME of GC.